1910 . 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1206 
Ruralisms 
THE JUJUBE TREE. 
One of the most ancient of cultivated 
fruits, highly esteemed in the Orient, 
but little known in America, is the 
jujube or Chinese date plum produced 
by several species of small trees of the 
genus Zizyphus, natives of eastern Asia 
and Palestine, south to India and even 
Ceylon. Of these Zizyphus sativa or 
vulgaris stands first in importance, as 
it is by far the hardiest, being natural¬ 
ized in southern Europe and growing 
well, though not fruiting freely, in this 
country as far north as Philadelphia. 
On the Pacific Coast it is hardy at or¬ 
dinary elevations up to the Oregon line, 
and probably can be fruited in any lo¬ 
cality not subject to sharp Winter frosts. 
It is sparingly planted in the Gulf States 
and California, but deserves considera¬ 
tion as a commercial crop where condi¬ 
tions favor its full development. The 
drupe-like fruits are borne in the great¬ 
est profusion on short deciduous, leafy 
branches over the whole tree, and range 
in size according to variety from small 
cherries up to that of good-sized plums. 
The whitish flowers are not conspicuous 
but are freely produced on the new 
growth throughout the early Summer 
COMMON JUJUBE (Zizyphus Sativa) 
EIGHT YEARS FROM SEED. Fig. 517. 
months, the 'fruits ripening near the 
close of the year and turning various 
shades of brown as maturity advances. 
Trees are generally of graceful, upright 
growth, the aspect in late Fall strangely 
simulating that of a young eastern 
locust or Pseudacacia covered with 
chocolate plums in place of seed pods— 
a resemblance further enhanced by the 
numerous sharp spines found on most 
jujubes and the apparently pinnate 
character of the foliage. The fruits are 
scarcely edible until they shrivel, which 
usually occurs in dry climates before 
dropping. The flavor is then to be com¬ 
pared with rather sweet and tender 
dried apples, or rarely with that of 
certain edible hawthorn fruits, but there 
is great difference among varieties as 
regards sweetness, acidity and muci¬ 
laginous character of the flesh. Each 
fruit contains a single relatively large 
pit or stone-like seed, but in some of 
the prized Chinese sorts this is reduced 
to small proportions, and is even said 
to be lacking in certain choice varieties, 
not yet introduced to cultivation in this 
country. 
The jujube fruit is scarcely known in 
commerce save in Oriental countries, 
where it is extensively used in the 
preparation of sweetmeats and confec¬ 
tions in great diversity of forms, but 
what is termed jujube paste in Europe 
and America is said to be principally 
compounded of sugar, gelatine and gum 
arabic, with fruity flavorings. By suit¬ 
able preparation the fruits can be made 
to yield a large proportion of well- 
flavored fruit pulp, suitable for high- 
class confections, conforming to the 
most stringent requirements of pure 
food legislation, and would doubtless 
be in large demand were the home sup¬ 
ply assured. Though of little utility for 
domestic use, jujubes have great possi¬ 
bilities as manufactured products. The 
Chinese “dates,” largely imported by 
the Celestial residents of our cities, are 
crystallized jujubes, and are often little 
inferior either in size or quality to the 
best products of the true date palm, 
while in hardiness, general ease of cul¬ 
ture and early productiveness, the jujube 
tree is greatly superior. It is not un¬ 
usual for little plants to show blooms 
while still in the seed leaf. Trees'com- 
monly bear when four or five years old, 
and produce abundantly after the sixth 
year. Fig. 517, this page, shows a five- 
year seedling, 12 feet high, in Northern 
California, bearing a very fair crop. 
Fig. 516 represents in nearly natural 
size a fruiting twig from this tree. The 
curious constriction in the middle of 
several of the fruits is evidently char¬ 
acteristic of this variety, as it was ap¬ 
parent all over the tree. 
Jujubes are freely propagated by 
means of buds, grafts and cuttings of 
green or even hard wood. Like other 
long cultivated fruits, seedlings do not 
with certainty perpetuate the variety, and 
propagation for orchard use should be 
made by some of the above methods 
from known worthy sorts. The agri¬ 
cultural explorers of the National De¬ 
partment of Agriculture are searching 
for the best jujubes grown in Northern 
China, and in due time really desirable 
varieties are likely to become available 
for extended trial. 
Zizyphus Jujuba is less known in this 
country than Z. sativa, though a great 
favorite in the warmer portions of the 
Orient. The fruits are well-flavored, 
though often somewhat acid, and the 
tree is quite ornamental, with generally 
drooping branches. The young growth 
is covered with a brownish down. It 
probably can only be successfully grown 
in frost-free climates. There is also a 
native jujube, Z. Parryi, found in 
Southern California, but the fruits are 
so dry and mealy that they are re¬ 
garded as of little account. There are 
several other species of limited horticul¬ 
tural value. w. v. f. 
Ivieffer as Grafting Stock. —It lias 
been claimed that the Ivieffer is not a de¬ 
sirable stock on which to graft other va¬ 
rieties of pears. I have Bartlett, Beurre 
Bose and Winter Nelis which I have been 
fruiting with great success, and see no 
reason why other varieties should not suc¬ 
ceed equally well. s. d. willard. 
New York. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
1*. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and 
••a square deal. »ee guarantee page 10. 
Are you befogged? 
You can’t get befogged about roof¬ 
ing when you steer straight for Gen- 
asco, and get it for every building on 
the farm. 
Genasco 
Ready Roofing 
is made of the only perfect water- 
proofer—Trinidad Lake Asphalt, Na¬ 
ture’s own product. No mystery; no 
guess-work. Genasco has the life that 
lasts. Proven by over thirty years’ 
use of natural asphalt. 
The Kant-leak Kleet is the greatest 
help yet in applying roofing. Makes 
seams positively watertight without 
cement. Saves time. Enhances 
beauty of the roof. Supplied with 
Genasco, when ordered. 
Ask your dealer for Genasco. Gold Medal (highest 
award) Seattle. 1909. Mineral or smooth surface. Kook 
for the hemisphere trademark on the roll. Refuse substi- 
tntes of similar looks. Write for samples and the Good 
Roof Guide Book. 
THE BARBER ASPHALT 
PAVING COMPANY 
Largest producers of asphalt, and largest 
manufacturers of ready roofing in the world. 
PHILADELPHIA 
New York San Francisco Chicago 
Cross-section, Genasco Smooth-surface Roofing 
Trinidad Lake Asphalt 
A^nhalt-saturated Wool Felt 
Trinidad Lake Asphalt 
AGRICULTURE 
— 
Fruit Growers! 
Bowker’s 
Lime-Sulphur 
is absolutely 
pure 
No salt or caustic being added, every 
drop is effective against the San Jose 
and other scales, destroying mosses, 
fungi, etc., and thoroughly cleaning up 
the trees without injury. 
Write for special prices , stating number 
of trees to be sprayed. 
T>fY117 , L r I7D INSECTICIDE company, 
JDV/ W 43 Chatham St., Boston, Mass. 
Manufacturers of Arsenate of Lead; also Bowker’s 
“PYROX” the one Best All Around Spring and 
Summer Spray for fruits and vegetables. 
^ 
“ONE FOR ALL,” No. 1 
Wool Grease. Arsenate of Lead, Lime and 
Sulphur. Both a Contact and Poison 
Spray. An Insecticide and Fungicide. 
Positively the Only Thing Needed tor al I Pests or Fungus 
A tonic for vegetation. Sick trees made well; 
old trees rejuvenated to youthful vigor; better 
foliage ; larger and more abundant fruit. Neither 
sucking or chewing insects nor fungus will attack 
wood that has “One For All” upon it. After one 
fall spraying no dormant spraying will be needed. 
Spraying confined to the growing season. Scale 
exterminated. Positive evidence from practical 
growers furnished upon application. 
Prices, F. O. B. New York 
Barrels, 425 lbs.05c. per lb 
% Bids., 200 lbs... 05% “ 
100 lbs.06 
. 50 lbs.06 X A “ 
25 lbs.08 
MANHATTAN OIL COMPANY 
Established 1852 
Front Street New Yorfr 
PRATT'S 
SCALEC1DE 
Will positively destroy SAX JOSE SCALE and all 
soft bodied sucking insects without injury to the 
tree. Simple, more effective and cheaper than 
Lime Sulphur. Not an experiment. On. gallon 
makes Hi to 20 gnllons spray by simply adding nater. 
Send for Booklet, "Orchard Insurance.” 
B. G. PRATT CO.. 50 CHURCH ST., NEW YORK CITY. 
✓■SAN JOSE SCALE"\ 
KILLER 
KIL-O-SCALE is the most reliable rem¬ 
edy for Scale. Ready for use by simply 
mixing with water. We also sell Spray¬ 
ing Outfits. Write for catalogue. 
HENRY A. DREER, - Philadelphia, Pa. 
Martin Fertilizers 
again, in l‘J10, far exceed expectations in sales and 
crop results. Farmers for 20 or more years using 
fertilizers say they never had as good crops as with 
Martin’s; oats over (10 bu., wheat over SO bu. per 
acre with but 150 pounds. Agents are selling more 
MARTIN PURE ANIMAL BONE FERTILIZERS easier and in 
less time than any they ever sold, Raw materials 
used are of the best and chiefly from our own 7 large 
abattoirs and stockyards. We want active, re¬ 
sponsible agents at once. Farmers who have spare 
time during the winter can add to their incomes. 
Write NOW. Mention this paper. 
D. B. MARTIN CO., 706 Penn Bldg., Pittsburg', Pa. 
s 
AVE YOUR BACK 
Save time, horses, work 
and money by using an 
Electric Handy Wagon 
Low wheels, broad tires. No 
living man can build a better. 
Book on ‘‘Wheel Sense’’ free. 
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO. Box48, Quincy, 111. 
“KANT-KLOG” 
SPRAYERS 
Something New , 
Gets twice the results- 
with same labor and fluid, 
Flat or round, fine or coarse sprays 
from same nozzle. Ten styles. For 
trees, potatoes, gardens, whitewashing, 
etc. Agents Wanted, Booklet Free. 
Rochester Spray Pump Co. iSS^s. 1 ?. 
Spraying 
Guide p ree 
GET THE BEST 
A Good Spray Pump earns 
big profits and lasts for years. 
THE ECLIPSE 
is a good pump. As 
practical fruit grow- 
\ ers vve were using common 
; sprayers in our own orchards 
j —found their defects and 
j invented the Eclipse. Its 
I success forced us to manu¬ 
facturing on a larpj scale. 
You take no chances. We 
have done all the experi¬ 
menting. Large fully illustrated Catalog 
and Treatise on spraying FREE. 
MORRILL & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich. 
1911 DEYO POWER SPRAYERS 
IO Years of Success 
FRIEND FRUIT GROWER: Uncle Sam says 
you must spray. Users of the Deyo are relieved 
from experimenting. After ten years of service the 
Deyo is still giving perfect satisfaction. Our cus¬ 
tomers are our reference, ask the user. We sell 
direct to you. Deyo pays all freights to Missis¬ 
sippi River shipping points. Write for catalogue 19. 
DEY0-MACEY ENGINE CO., Binghamton, N. Y. 
Steel Wheels-| 
That’s So! Hired hands are 
getting scarcer every day; 
but LOW DOWN STEEL 
WHEELS will help to take 
their place. Then, too, the 
[sun don’t affect a steel wheel 
'like it does the best of hired 
help. More brain and less 
muscle nowadays. Cata¬ 
logue free to you. 
HAVANA METAL WHEEL CO. 
Box 17, Havana, Ill. 
ce Are THOROUGHLY HARD BURNT 
I_ Made of best Ohio Olay. Sold in car-load lots. 
oo Also manufacturers of 
3 g HOLLOW BUILDING BLOCK and SEWERPIPE 
2 National Fireproofing Co,, Fulton Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa, 
