76 THE CULTIVATOR March, 
well known law, it rises and passes through the pipes 
D, D, into the rooms above, where it diffuses itself, and 
a constant stream coming into the rooms, presses the air 
until it begins to escape through the cracks around the 
windows and doors. Thus, instead of having streams 
of cold air pouring in at all the crevices, air that has 
been contaminated by use is forced out by the mechani¬ 
cal power of the heated air; and the room is constantly 
supplied with pure air drawn (not from masses of de¬ 
caying vegetables in the cellar, but) from out doors. 
Before the erection of this furnace, it was necessary 
to calk the windows, and list the doors, and then suffer 
with the cold. Candles flared, and it was nearly im¬ 
possible to be comfortable in cold weather. Now the 
lights burn straight, and though the thermometer may 
stand at zero in the open air, there is no difficulty in 
keeping it at seventy or eighty degrees any where in 
the lower story of the house, which is fifty feet square. 
The coldest weather in winter requires about a cord 
of seasoned hard wood to warm the house a week. 
Having tried fire places and tight stoves, and having 
had this furnace in use long enough to give it a fair 
trial, I feel justified in making comparisons between 
these modes of warming houses. By the furnace, be¬ 
sides warming a large house perfectly, is saved the dust 
and ashes of the stoves or fire places—the dirt of the 
wood-boxes, the cleaning of brass fenders, the destruc¬ 
tion of furniture, and the labor of constantly mending 
fires. The stove in my furnace is more than four feet 
long, and is two feet wide, and two feet high, and the 
door is large enough to allow the introduction of com¬ 
mon cord wood, thus saving sawing and splitting. 
Wood being put into the stove—the quantity varying 
with the weather—the damper is closed, and every 
joint being as close as it is possible to make them— 
combustion goes on slowly, and the great amount of 
wood thus burning, gives off sufficient heat; and three 
fires are generally enough for a day in cold weather. 
The wood being stored in the cellar, the dirt is kept 
out of the rooms. 
It would be an improvement upon this furnace, to put 
more drums upon the stove, and to have a stove three 
feet high, so that there might be a grate made of tubes, 
passing through the side plates, so that the air in the 
air chamber could circulate through the grate, and thus 
save more heat. The front of the stove, instead of being 
oven with the front wall, might be just within the air 
chamber, and a sheet-iron door in the brick wall open¬ 
ing in front of the stove, would permit the opening of 
the stove door, and the introduction of wood. By this 
means the door of the stove would aid in heating the 
air, and the expansion and contraction of the stove 
by heating and cooling, would not crack the wall, as it 
does when the stove is masoned into the wall. 
Before erecting my furnace, I made somewhat exten¬ 
sive examinations, for the purpose of procuring informa¬ 
tion in relation to this matter. I saw many furnaces 
that but partially answered the object of their erection. 
The failures were to be ascribed to the attempt to draw 
a supply of cold air either from the cellar, or from the 
rooms above, or the tube through which the cold air was 
brought from out doors was too small—or the air cham¬ 
ber was very large. Every furnace that worked well 
that came under my observation, was supplied with 
cold air from the outside of the building by a pipe of at 
least eight inches square. 
Large stoves, and large pipes to convey the heated 
air are preferable—as thereby a great quantity of air 
moderately heated will be conveyed to tbe rooms. 
Where small stoves and small pipes are used, the fir© 
must be intense, and the plates of the stove must be 
made very hot, and consequently excessively heat th© 
small quantity of air that comes in contact with them. 
The impurities that float in the air thus undergo 
changes that render them anything but pleasant to th© 
senses. Geo. Geddes. 
Fairmount, N. Y., Jan. 1847. 
LARGE FARMING ON A SMALL SCALE. 
The first premium on farms, of the Middlesex (Mass.) 
Agricultural Society, was awarded the past season to 
Amos Carlton, of Chelmsford. The manner in which he 
has, in the space of a few years, brought a farm of 
twenty-eight acres, mostly covered with woods, birches, 
and alders, and huge rocks, to a state of high cultiva¬ 
tion, so as to yield several hundred dollars worth of 
farm products yearly, can hardly fail to be interesting. 
Twelve years ago, when he purchased it, there were 
but seven acres; the other twenty-one he has bought at 
different times since. The soil is a hard gravelly loam, 
very stony; not one acre could be turned smooth with 
the plow. Improvement was commenced on an acre 
and a half, by digging out stone enough to fence it with 
double wall. Since he has had the place, he has laid 
about 430 rods of wall. He formerly bought some ma¬ 
nure, but now thinks he can make it cheaper. He finds 
meadow mud, well mixed with a seventh part ashes, 
and a quarter stable manure, quite as good as clear 
stable manure. At first he had but two cows and oiw 
horse; now, by the improvement in the fertility of 
the land, he keeps one horse, four cows in summer, and 
five or six in winter, with three heifers, and three pigs. 
He cut eighteen tons of hay the past season from his 
meadow. Three years since he built a barn and car¬ 
riage house, which was forty by forty-eight feet, 
“ which,” he says, “ I then thought was larger than I 
should ever fill ; but I have this year had to add twelve 
feet more to one end.” 
He has given much attention to fruit. The original 
orchard of natural trees he grafted, and they are now 
in full bearing condition, and he gets four times as much 
good fruit as he did before of bad. In 1845, he had 120 
barrels of apples; in 1846, about 80, and 10 or 12 
bushels of quinces, besides a fine supply of peaches, 
cherries, grapes, &c. 
The amount paid for labor, including wall-building, 
has, of late years, been about 140 dollars per year. 
The produce sold, according to account, was, for 1845, 
including fruit, milk, hay, &c., 641 dollars 25 cents. 
About one quarter of his 26 acres is covered with rocks. 
This account is condensed from his statement to the 
committee of the agricultural society, who examined the 
farm, as published in the Boston Courier. T. 
