122 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
April 
THE FARMER’S NOTE BOOK. 
Time Necessary for Maturing Field Crops.— 
The annexed table, compiled from my “Farm Book/’ 
you are at liberty to publish if you should deem it wor¬ 
thy. E. Y. W. Dox. Lafayette, Onondaga Co., N. 
Y., Jan. 18, 1847. 
Time when 
sown. 
Grain. 
When Har¬ 
vested. 
Time rei 
mat 
Months. 
quired to 
ure. 
Bays. 
1838, May 1 
Bariev, . 
Aug. 8 
3 
7 
“ 2 
Spring Wheat,. 
“ 13 
3 
11 
“ 14 
Peas,. 
Sept. 7 
3 
23 
“ 19 
Oats,. 
Aug. 31 
3 
12 
C4 U 
Corn,. 
Sept. 20 
4 
1 
“ 22 
Potatoes,. 
(i 44 
3 
28 
Sept. 10 
Winter Wheat,. 
Aug. 6 
10 
26 
1839, Apl. 16 
Oats,. 
“ 19 
4 
3 
“ 20 
Peas, . 
“ 30 
4 
10 
“ 22 
Spring Wheat, . 
“ 20 
3 
28 
May 18 
Corn, . 
Sept. 28 
4 
10 
“ 20 
Potatoes, . 
Oct. 2 
4 
12 
June 13 
Oats, . 
Sept. 19 
3 
6 
April 16 
Barley, . 
Aug. 17 
4 
1 
Sept. 14 
Winter Wheat, .... 
“ 7 
10 
21 
1840, May 13 
Peas, . 
Sept. 5 
3 
22 
<: u 
Barley, . 
Aug. 8 
2 
25 
“ 16 
Oats,. 
“ 20 
3 
7 
“ 27 
Potatoes,. 
Sept. 24 
3 
27 
Sept. 8 
Winter Wheat,. 
Aug. 5 
10 
27 
1841, May 8 
Barley, ... 
“ 14 
3 
6 
Peas,. 
“ 25 
3 
17 
“ 15 
Oats,..... 
“ 20 
3 
5 
“ 31 
Corn,. 
Sept. 23 
3 
23 
<4 ts 
Potatoes,. 
o 
u 
Sept. 15 
Winter Wheat. 
Aug. 8 
10 
23 
1842, Apl. 23 
Barley,.. 
“ 13 
3 
20 
u u 
Peas,. 
“ 29 
4 
6 
May 11 
Corn. 
Sept. 24 
4 
13 
“ 13 
Potatoes,. 
“ 29 
4 
16 
Sept. 27 
Winter Wheat,. 
Aug. 7 
10 
10 
1843, May 5 
Barley,. 
“ 11 
3 
6 
“ 10 
Peas,. 
Sept. 1 
3 
21 
“ 18 
Potatoes,. 
Oct. 17 
4 
59 
Aug. 31 
Winter Wheat, . 
July 15 
10 
14 
18*14, Apl. 16 
Peas,. 
Aug. 19 
4 
3 
4 4 U 
Spring Wheat,.. 
“ 8 
3 
22 
May 3 
Potatoes,. 
Sept. 18 
4 
15 
“ 13 
Corn,. 
“ 26 
4 
13 
Sept. 4 
Winter Wheat. 
July 31 
10 
27 
1845, Apl. 30 
Peas, . 
Aug. 20 
3 
20 
May 1 
Potatoes, .. 
Sept. 30 
4 
29 
Apl. 30 
Oats . 
Aug. 20 
3 
20 
May 9 
Corn, • . . 
Sept. 22 
4 
13 
Sept. 10 
Winter Wheat, . 
Aug. 4 
10 
24 
1846, Apl. 27 
Peas, . 
“ 22 
3 
25 
May 7 
Potatoes . 
Sept- 3 
3 
26 
“ 22 
Corn,.. 
“ 22 
4 
0 
f‘ 30 
Aug. 31 
3 
1 
Training Domestic Animals. —“ Train up a child 
in the w T ay he should go/’—“ just as the twig is bent, the 
tree is inclined,” are remarks no more applicable to their 
different subjects, than they are essential to the ma¬ 
nagement of the brute creation. The earlier proper 
training is given the child, the less difficulty will be 
found in leading him the right way; the sooner the twig 
receives the desirable inclination, the more natural and 
thrifty will be its growth in the wished for direction; so 
too, the earlier we commence training the animals of 
the farm for the purposes to which we design to appro¬ 
priate them, the more willingly and naturally they will 
fulfil those purposes. 
Hence we may suppose, that the sooner young stock 
are made gentle , by being accustomed to the stable, 
where every process of kindness is calculated to subdue 
the turbulence of their natures, the more affable will be 
their disposition, and the better they will be calculated, 
fully to subserve our purpose. We have seen calves’ 
which were habitually tied in the stall through the 
winter, which ever after exhibited the gentleness of 
oxen. They soon learned their places, and would go 
to them as regularly as a company of disciplined men 
would go to their service, at their required time. We 
have seen such calves submitted to the yoke, and taught 
all the rudiments of ox education, such as drawing light 
loads, backing, &c., &c., &c. And when these calves 
have attained the estate of oxen, wo have seen them 
highly commended for their power of strength and amia¬ 
bleness of disposition. We have sometimes, it is true, 
heard it remarked, that this process of early breaking 
and gentling steers was foolish and injurious—calculated 
to retard their growth and make them feeble—that they 
should not be broke until two or three years old, when 
their strength and size were more fully developed. We 
would not put them to hard labor to tax them to the 
extent of their strength until that period, nor then 
either. But we feel a full assurance that the earlier 
they are put to a moderate trial of their powers, the 
firmer will be the strength of bone, and the better they 
will be calculated to endure hardship in mature years, 
than though they had not submitted to training in early 
life. With the process of breaking, to being tied in the 
stable, and manoeuvred in the yoke, should be added that 
of leading. This, however, should not be confined to 
steers, but the whole stock should submit to it. It is a 
gentling process, valuable in its effects and lasting 
in its consequences. It teaches the animal in the morn¬ 
ing of its existence, ere yet its strength leads to obsti¬ 
nacy, that man is its superior, and that its movements 
must be directed by his will,—a lesson once learned, 
never to be forgotten. The convenience of having cattle 
thus broke to lead, must be obvious to every farmer. 
How often it becomes necessary in the course of the sea¬ 
son, to take a single creature from the herd, and remove 
them some distance ? Every farmer must know the 
general tendency of cattle at such times, if they are 
turned loose. They will run, if a gap or gate is open 
they are sure to enter and take a hasty survey of the 
premises, or if a corner where the road branches off is 
to be passed, they are almost as certain to take the 
wrong one. Then, the boy must run, clamber over 
fences or stumble across stone walls, until as much time 
and strength are consumed as would have been necessa 
ry to break the animal to lead, at the proper age. But 
this is not all; the boy becomes vexed in spirit, perhaps 
in his anger uses harsh words, and it may be, adopts 
harsh means to punish the recreant, that did not know 
but one road would do as well as the other. Maiming 
or injuring may be the result, which must diminish the 
value of the beast. At any rate the poor animal gets no 
less than a fright, which leads her to look upon all such 
drivers with abhorrence; all which might have been 
remedied by a little time spent in learning the animal 
when a calf, to lead, and by inculcating a few lessons of 
kindness, when its susceptibilities to education were 
first awakening. 
But there is an additional%enefit in gentling and edu¬ 
cating animals when young, which is of untold import¬ 
ance to them and their owner. When disease or acci¬ 
dent befal them, at any age, and it becomes necessary 
for the merciful man to show extended care to his beast, 
its gentleness and familiarity with his kind usage are 
realized in a noble extent. We once saw a noble steer 
that had been subject to many a petting playspell. so 
severely choked, that the prospect for his relief seemed 
faint indeed, and had he been a wild, obstinate animal, 
he would probably have been lost. But under the in¬ 
fluence of kind treatment 1 to which he had been subject, 
he was “ quiet as a lamb,” while the dangerous opera¬ 
tion was performed, that removed the obstacle, and 
