THE CULTIVATOR. 
Hereford Cow 
interesting examples of this. “ At the house of an emi¬ 
nent nobleman,” he observes, u whose hospitality I en¬ 
joyed, it was the invariable custom of the family—ladies 
and guests, as well as the master—about 9 o’clock in 
the evening, to go by a covered passage, into the sta¬ 
bles where thirty horses were kept, to see that the 
grooms and, others were at their posts, that the horses 
were well cared for, and the stable in good order. 
* * * At one of the principal breweries in Lon¬ 
don, where forty of the largest size dray-horses were 
kept, the manager informed me that after six years of 
hard service, the horses receive their freedom, are sent 
into the country, exempted from all labor, and kindly 
cared for during the remainder of their lives. I confess, 
in observing these kind provisions, and this extraordinary 
care, I have not been able to suppress the wish, that 
many of the bipeds who share with these animals the 
labors of the field,—not unfrequently performing the 
hardest part of it—would experience in their own per¬ 
sons, an equal care, and find in their cottages on their 
return from a hard day’s work, even a moiety of the 
comforts with which the stables of their co-laborers are 
provided. It would be doing great injustice to say that 
this is not often done by many persons who have no 
greater pleasure than in providing for the comfort and 
welfare of their dependants. It is only to be regretted 
that the practice is not universal.” 
u There are three breeds of horses in the kingdom, 
distinguished for their valuable properties as farm- 
horses;—these are the Cleveland Bay, a horse of 
great strength, and good size and figure; the Suffolk 
Punch, a large and serviceable horse; and especially 
the Clydesdale horse, almost exclusively preferred among 
the excellent farmers of Scotland, particularly in the 
Lothians. I have seen nothing superior, in my humble 
judgment, to the last horse, for farm labor, compact¬ 
ness, strength, and action. * * * The horses belong¬ 
ing to the Queen’s Guards, which are often to be seen 
in the streets of London, and always on state occasions, 
are beautiful animals, and subjects of universal admira¬ 
tion. They are of a black color, and bred, I believe, 
on the continent, purposely for the army.” 
We are informed that in farm labor, horses are only 
worked about eight hours per day. As to feed, the 
general daily allowance is stated to be “a peek of 
grain, half oats, and half beans, and from fourteen to 
sixteen pounds of hay.” In plowing, an acre a day, is 
considered, on an average, a day’s work for a pair of 
horses; but the furrows are narrow, from eight to ten 
inches in width, and the distance travelled by the horses 
Matchless 
in such cases, is from twelve to sixteen miles a day 
Oxen are not much used for labor in England, and the 
few which Mr. Colman saw seemed not to be well 
managed, being in this respect decidedly behind the best 
New England teams of this description. 
Neat Cattle. —Mr. Colman informs us that the 
principal breeds of cattle which have fallen under his 
notice, are the Improved Short-Horn, the Hereford, the 
North and South Devon, the Staffordshire Long-Horns, 
the Ayrshire, the polled Aberdeenshire, and Galloway, 
the Kyloe/or West Highland, and the Kerry. The dif- 
ferent breeds, it is said, have their exclusive partisans. 
Of the Improved Short Horns . it is observed that they 
“ are the most popular breed in Great Britain. In per¬ 
fection, they are of large weight, fine boned , come to 
maturity early, exhibit great proof upon being killed, 
and though they are admitted to be great consumers, 
and require very high feeding, they are considered a 
very profitable stock for the farmer. They are com¬ 
monly brought to market before three years old. and 
often at eighteen months. The best of these animals 
have a strong natural tendency to keep fat, but they are 
not suited to a short pasture or a scanty manger. 
The high-bred animals are not remarkable for their 
milking properties. There are exceptions; but most ot 
these animals are inferior in the quantity and quality of 
their milk.” He admits, however, that* “ individuals 
of rare excellence may be selected from among them.” 
The Hereford'.s are spoken of as the rivals ol the 
Short-Horns. “ It would he difficult,” he observes. 
“ to adjust the rival claims between these two great 
breeds/ The Hereford cattle are exceedingly neat in 
their limbs and form, and of good size. At the show 
of the Smithfield Club, held at Christmas, the highest 
prizes appear to alternate between the Short-Horns and 
Herefords. Under proper treatment, they may be 
brought to as early maturity as the Short-Horns. They 
are not so great consumers as the Short-Horns, and 
their thrift is remarkable. Some farmers in England 
prefer them as fattening. beasts to tlm Short-Horns. 
My observation inclines me to the heliel that, in equal 
numbers, there are as many good Hereforas as Short- 
Horns; and the'thriftiness of many of them is quite re- 
markable. In respect to handling, observing persons 
know that, in this matter, there is every diversity among 
animals of the same breed; and that it is rather the 
characteristic of individuals than ot a tribe, hut I may 
hazard the general remark, that, as a breed, few ani¬ 
mals handle better than the Herefords.” He states 
that in general, the Herefords rank low as dairy stock. 
