180 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
June 
then cross plow with the subsoil plow in September, 
and sow the wheat on this furrow. For oats, the wheat 
stubble wants to be plowed under, not deep, as soon as 
the wheat is harvested, and the ground should be cross- 
plowed before winter with the subsoil plow, and if the 
land is generally wet, in small beds of 16 to 20 furrows. 
In spring, as soon as the frost is out of the ground, 
sow the oats. 
A farmer who has only this kind of soil, wants 
more teams and plows than the farmer owning ano¬ 
ther kind of soil; to be able to perform a great amount 
of plowing in a given time. Then his chance to plow 
with success is within narrow limits. He must provide 
other work for his team, to use it to his advantage, 
when the ground will not admit of being plowed. 
In general, I wish to see the subsoil plow more used 
in this country, knowing its superiority in every respect 
b}’ r experience. Wm. Wallis. Toledo, Ohio, March 
28, 1847. ' . 
Cutting Timber.— In the March number of the 
Cultivator for 1846, is an article relating to woodlands. 
The writer says he “ had the presumptive folly to cut 
several trees of this timber, [chestnut,] in the freezing 
and thawing month of March,” and that “not a single 
sprout ever sprung up,” &c. Now it happened that 
we were cutting chestnut timber, (which was frozen 
hard,) the 7th of March, and had just felled the last tree 
when we received the Cultivator. On reading the piece 
referred to, we felt sorry we had not cut it earlier, as 
it was a piece we wished to have sprout and grow up 
again; but what was our disappointment to find that 
they sprouted in due time, anffg-rew from eight to ten 
feet in height the same season. It seems the result 
was opposite to the one referred to. What could make 
the difference? Agricola. Enfield, Ct., March, 1847. 
Soiling Work Horses and Oxen. —Whatever may 
be the decision in regard to the expediency of soiling 
milch cows and growing stock, We think there can be 
no doubt as to the propriety of keeping up work horses 
and oxen, in all situations wherfi they are required to 
labor constantly. The advantages are, first, a saving 
of time. When the animals are turned to pasture, con¬ 
siderable time is unavoidably occupied in driving them 
to and fro to be yoked 0? harnessed. Second, it is bet¬ 
ter for the stock, they have more’time to rest, are more 
uniformly supplied with food, and are in better condition 
to labor. Horses are liable to slaver when running at pas¬ 
ture, especially the second growth of either red or white 
clover; and from this cause they frequently become un¬ 
healthy and poor. By keeping them up this is avoided. 
If it becomes necessary to feed clover of the second 
growth, it should be dried or wilted, and some clean 
dry straw or old hay cut and mixed with it. Third, 
the quantity of manure that may be made by keeping 
the animals up, will more than pay the extra labor in 
bringing the food, &c. Let a due supply of muck or 
materials for absorbing the urine,“ be daily used in such 
a way that none shall be wasted. 
Until green green food can be had, the best of hay, 
with a little meal, or grain in some form, should be fed. 
Rye, cut while it is tender, may be first used; clover 
may come in next, and the different grasses afterwards. 
Rich, moist ground, properly swarded, will throw up 
such a rapid growth that it may be cut five or six 
times in the season. . ; 
Farming on Thirty-Five Acres of Land.-—J. 
G. Chabsey, of Wickford, R. I., states to the officers 
of the Rhode Island Society for : the encouragement of 
Domestic Industry, that several years ago he purchased 
thirty-five acres of poor land, for which, it being near 
the village, he paid the large sum of three thousand and 
fifty dollars. Only twenty-five acres of it are “ tillage- 
able, including three acres of meadow not plowed. The 
remainder is made up of hills and holes, marsh, and 
beach, with a small strip of wood-land.” The arable 
land is described as uneven, with a gravelly soil, much 
encumbered with small stones. It had been much worn 
down by repeated croppings without manure. He let it 
on shares, but got such poor returns that he was sick 
of his purchase. Finding that he could neither sell nor 
rent it, he came to the conclusion to try farming him¬ 
self, though he had “ done nothing at it for nearly 
forty years: 7 ’ but as a “substitute for experience,” 
he says he took an “ agricultural paper J 7 He began cul¬ 
tivating it himself in 1840. He divided the tillage-land 
into six fields, “ from three to four acres each, a new 
one to be taken up every year, and after taking off 
three crops, let it lie three years in grass.” About two 
were appropriated to root crops and garden vegetables, 
which are plowed every year. 
His success has been such, that land, which seven 
years ago, would not rent for four per cent., now pays 
twenty per cent., after deducting dll expenses. He makes 
the following statement in regard to the products and 
profits of his farm for the year 1846 : 
10 acres mowing, 19 tons hay, at $12,...... $228 00 
3 acres corn, 124| bushels sound, at 80 ets., 
and 9 bushels offal, at 40 cts.,........... 103 20 
Corn fodder, $25, and pumpkins, $4.50,. 29 50 
3® acres rye, 77 bushels, at 80 cts., and straw 
sold, $24.81,_..... ... 86 41 
2| acres potatoes, 348 bushels, at 37-J cts., 
and 50 bushels small, at 20 cts..... — ... 140 uO 
367 bushels onions, at 50 cts., .... $183 50 
836 do. carrots, nearly all sold at 19 
cts.,.158 84 
48 do parsneps, do., at 33| cts.,.. . 16 00 
6 pounds onion seed, and 3 pounds 
carrot seed,. 8 00 
Peppers and sage sold,.. 41 88 
Produce of 1 acre and 125 square rods,. 408 22 
\ acre summer vegetables, mostly used in 
family—sold,.... 7 69 
Salt grass sold, standing,.. 24 00 
Milk sold, ....'..... 47 39 
Rent received for two gardens,. 6 50 
Milk, butter, and summer vegetables used in 
family, .. 35 00 
$182 
: 62- 
90 
00 
6 
00 
81 
46 
28 
77 
25 
00 
11 
81 
50 
00 
$1116 41 
Expenses. —Paid for labor,.. $182 62 : 
Board of labor, ... 
Molasses for drink, 20 gallons, at 30 
cts.,.. 
Manure purchased, and materials for 
the same,.. 81 46 
Seeds of different kinds,........... 28 77 
Wear and tear of farming utensils,. 
Taxes, .... 
Labor done by myself,.. 50 00 
Cost of cultivation, .....— 475 66 
Cost of land, $3050; profits 20| per cent for ——— 
use of land,..... — .................... 640 75 
Mr. Chadsey states that he hires all his help except 
the “ little” he does himself. He states that he made 
917 pounds pork, and 560 pounds beef, which are not 
included in the account, as they were fattened on part 
of the produce before estimated. His stock, he says, 
consists of two cows and a horse. He buys manure 
from the village. With the horse, he does all the “ team, 
work ” except breaking up the land. His products for 
the year 1845, amounted to $913; his expenses were 
$368; profits $555. ......... 
Farnham, Brown &. Co.’s Hydraulic Ram. —- 
Machinery for raising water has been known for & 
