380 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
Dec. 
the balls C and D, after being introduced into the ani¬ 
mals nostrils, are brought near each other, and firmly 
secure the “ Detached Bull Ring,” in the animals nose. 
The best method of leading “ is by a strong stick, like 
a hoe handle,” with a short chain at one end, to be at¬ 
tached to the ring at E. 
The advantages of this mode are—that you do not 
cut or bore the cartilage in the nose, as in the usual 
way of ringing bulls—the ring is never in the way of 
the animal while feeding—and you use the same ring 
in leading or managing any of your stock. Jos. Wm. 
Russell. Cape Girardeau Co., Mo., Oct . 25, 1847. 
“ Dough Kneading Machine.” —In the August 
number of your valuable paper, (“ The Cultivator,”) 
which 1 as a subscriber have the pleasure of reading, I 
notice the offer of a “ Premium ” by R. W. Jr., for 
an effective machine for kneading and mixing dough, 
that shall be simple in its construction; easily cleaned, 
to occupy a small,space, durable, and not to' exceed 
$5 in cost, for one to work 5 lbs. of flour at a time;” 
and I will add to the above requisites,—one not likely 
to get out of order, no matter how much it may be 
used, and also one that would enable the operator to 
work 1.0 lbs. or more of flour at a time, should they 
desire it. 
References. —A, main 
shaft, or upright post; B, 
lever, which passes through 
the upright post at the top 
of the bench; D, the bench, 
standing by the upright 
post; E, biscuit board, rest¬ 
ing on the bench, and pre¬ 
vented from slipping out of 
its place by strips of board 
nailed across the top of the 
bench at each end of the 
biscuit board; F F F F, 
legs of the bench. 
The annexed cut is an at¬ 
tempt to represent the one 
£ which has been in use in my 
family more than two years, 
without its being in the 
least damaged in any of its 
parts. The cost of the one 
here attempted to be fig¬ 
ured and described, will not 
be over two dollars, built 
in the neatest manner, and 
of the best materials. Mine 
was made and put up in less than half a day by one 
person. 
It consists, first, in an upright shaft or post, four 
inches square, to reach from the floor to the ceiling, 
or joist at one end, or side of the cook room, the bot¬ 
tom and top ends of which are to be rounded, for the 
purpose of fitting into sockets of wood at bottom and 
top; a piece of good board of hard wood, with a ig 
inch auger hole through it, makes a good socket, one 
at bottom and one at top of shaft, and secured. The 
shaft must be loose to allow of being turned about. 
The bench may be about 2^ feet long, 15 to 16 
inches wide, and three inches thick. The legs of the 
bench may be of a sufficient height to suit the opera¬ 
tor say about three feet from the floor to the top of the 
bench. On the top of the bench rests the biscuit 
board, secured temporarily to its place by strips of 
board nailed across the bench at the ends of the biscuit 
board, to prevent it from slipping while kneading the 
dough. 
The lever is to pass through the upright post at a 
level with the top of the bench, by a mortise, 11 inches 
wide by 5 or 6 inches long, and secured in its place by 
a small iron pin; the size of the lever may be 2£ inches 
square, and rounded on the lower edge, for the purpose 
of cutting or pressing the dough; the end of the lever 
should be made to pass through the upright post loose¬ 
ly, so as to allow of an upward and downward motion. 
The post being loose in the sockets, allows of a for¬ 
ward and backward motion, the dough forming the 
fulcrum upon which the lever is made to operate, by 
taking hold of the outer end of the lever, (which should 
be reduced to a proper size for the hand, say li inches 
in diameter,) raising it up and bringing it up towards 
you, then pressing it down upon the dough and pushing 
it from you in the same motion, which cuts the dough 
down to the biscuit board, and by taking small parcels 
at a time, will soon thoroughly knead a large batch. 
The flour at first mixing would be better stirred up 
somewhat in a tray or wooden bowl, or tin pan, for 
the purpose, (which every family have in their posses¬ 
sion,) and after having been so mixed in part with a 
large spoon or ladle, it may be turned out upon the 
biscuit board. The lever should be of hard smooth 
wood, to admit of being easier cleaned, which is easily 
done by taking out the iron pin that secures it in 
the post. The biscuit board should also be taken 
out and put away when not in use. 
With the foregoing directions, &c.. I am persuaded 
almost any person could rig up a good machine, which 
will save the female portion of the family a great deal 
of hard labor. The bread will be better and cleaner, 
as the hands need not be put into the dough, except 
for the purpose of forming the biscuits or loaf, as the 
case may be. I therefore respectfully present it to all 
the “ good house-wives,” whether “ working women” 
or not. I would remark one thing further—that we 
have had no sodden bread since the above machine has 
been in use. J. A. C. Baly’s Neck , Talbot County, 
Md., Oct. 9, 1847. 
Horse-Powers. —For the information of your cor¬ 
respondent, T. B., of Pleasant Hill, Ala., I would 
say that Warren’s Horse-power can hardly be made, 
without very material alteration of the machinery, to 
gin cotton, either by the saw or roller gin, the velocity 
being very much too great. The best and cheapest 
horse-power for his purpose that I think he can find, 
is the Railway Horse-power, made by Mr. EzraWhit- 
man, Baltimore, at $75 for one horse, and $100 for 
one for two horses. The only objection that I find to 
it is, that the horses and mules ought to be shod, which 
is rather inconvenient in our flat country, where few 
or no smiths can shoe. But patent shoes can easily 
be purchased, and an ingenious negro blacksmith, or 
even a carpenter can put them on. Besides the horse¬ 
power costing as little, if not less, in first cost, the 
very material item of a building 25 or thirty feet square, 
and li or 2 stories high, is also saved, as the Railway 
Horse-power can be worked in any shed or room of 
moderate size, and is certainly of equal, and many 
think (I myself among others,) of much greater eco¬ 
nomy of labor. Some who have used both this and the 
Lever or King-post power, maintain that with a Rail¬ 
way power, two horses will do as much work as four 
with the other power. 
It is necessary, however, in order to adapt Mr. 
Whitman’s power to ginning cotton, to have, instead 
of the large driving drum, usually furnished with it. of 
four or five feet diameter, one of 18 or 20 inches, which 
will give about the velocity he requires, and will also 
answer, when he has finished ginning cotton, to grind 
corn, drive Hussey’s corn and cob-crusher, or Golds¬ 
boro’s corn-sheller, which is an effective machine, as I 
can testify from experience, shelling, it is said 130 
bushels clean corn per hour, and is fed by the basket 
6 f ear corn at a time. 
