1848. 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
115 
salts , for training ; the Persian Yellow and Scarlet 
■Austrian, for early flowering small roses; La Heine, 
Madame Laffay, and Marquise Boccella, among hybrid 
perpetuals, which flower till winter, and are quite har¬ 
dy; George the fourth, Bonne Geneveive, and Brennus, 
of hybrid China roses; and Souvenir de Malmaison, 
among Eourbons, and Madame Hardy, among white 
roses.] 
Late Summer Flowering. 
Hibiscus syriacus (althaea) single and semi-double, 
white, shaded with purple; the double varieties have 
less beauty of form. 
Magnolia glauca, large handsome white flowers, of 
tfich appearance. 
AEsculus macrostachya , dwarf horse-chestnut, flow¬ 
ers in large showy spikes of clear white. 
Spiraea tomentosa, flowers in reddish purple dense 
terminal racemes. 
Everblooming roses form the most interesting and 
•showy display from this time till late autumn. 
Climbers. —Some of the most interesting are, the 
Bignonia radivans, trumpet flower, with its dark rich, 
trumpet-shapedcorols; Bignonia grandifiora, with very- 
large rich orange flowers, sometimes in magnificent 
racemes a foot long,—slightly tender; Aristolochia 
domentosa, and A. sipho, handsome, delicate twiners, 
with singular pipe-shaped, but not showy flowers; 
Clematis virginica, or native clematis, flowers in fine 
white clusters; Atragene americana, flowering early; 
purple’; Periploca grceca, with a dense growth of fine 
glossy foilage; Ampelopsis hederacea, often covering 
the entire trunks of large forest trees, reddening to a 
brilliant scarlet in autumn; and several species of 
Lonicera or twining honeysuckle. 
Herbaceous Perennials. 
{Average season of Flowering at Albany and Rochester.) 
Flowering early part of 4 mo.— (April.) 
The snow-drop, crocus, winter aconite , Pansey, Sibe¬ 
rian squill and Persian Iris, are the earliest spring flow¬ 
ers in open ground. The last is a plant of great beauty 
and fragrance. The Erytheoniumdens-canis of Europe, 
as a beautiful reddish purple flower, and one of the 
earliest, appearing before either of the American spe¬ 
cies. The Siberian Squill is a small but very graceful 
fflant, with fine brilliant deep blase flowers. 
The Hepatica triloba, with its various shades of 
pink and purple, and with pure white; and the Clay- 
donia virginica, with its beautiful pink striped flowers, 
-—are both common natives of our woods, and are 
among the earliest when transferred to the garden. 
The many varieties of Primula veris (cowslip, See.) 
presenting yellow, orange, red, lilac, and purple, with 
their various shades; and with flowers single and dou¬ 
ble, from half an inch to an inch and a half in diame¬ 
ter,—are among the finest ornaments of early spring. 
The hyacinth is well known for its beauty, fra¬ 
grance, and endless varieties. 
Flowering latter part of 4 mo. 
Our native woods furnish several fine early flowers; 
among them, Sanguinaria canadensis (bloodroot) and 
Anemone ihoMctraides, both with white flowers; Cory- 
dalis cucularia^ of delicate growth and white recemes; 
Erythronium lanceolatumf yellow, and Pulmonaria 
mrginica, pale liquid blue, both elegant plants; while 
the minute Houstonia ccerula and H. cilislata, though 
natives., are of rarer occurrence. Phlox reptans is a 
fine purple-red flower. The several species and varie¬ 
ties of Narcissus, are a showy family of plants. The 
aroum imperial (Fritillaria imperiaiis) is a stately and 
handsome, but no t brilliant flower, and F. meleagris, 
* This fine early flower, sometimes called dog-tooth violet is 
evidently the plant described in Bryant’s “ Yellow Violet, ”—there 
is, however, no more propriety in dropping the first part of the 
siiame, and calling it simply a violet, than to call s. certain bird, 
tatxwn as a titmouse (plural lit-unce?) a mouse. 
is less showy, but singular. But the tulips, with their 
numerous shades of nearly all colors, variously inter¬ 
mingled and variegated, with nearly unsurpassed bril¬ 
liancy and gaiety, eclipse all other flowers at this 
season. 
Early part of 5 mo. —(May.) 
Aquilegea canadensis (native columbine) with flow¬ 
ers of combined yellow and red-orange, is brilliant and 
elegant. Phlox divaricata, from the woods, with 
white variously shaded with blue and purple, is a hand¬ 
some flower. Fhlox subulata, moss pink, is extreme¬ 
ly showy in masses, covering whole square yards with 
an unbroken mass of flowers. Phlox setacea, is a 
more delicate and less rapid grower, but nearly as 
showy; and a variety of the latter, with flowers of showy 
whiteness, though slightly tender, is a desirable plant. 
The auricula, flourishing only when shaded, is remark¬ 
able for its clear rich hues of yellow, red,.and purple. 
Among other plants flowering at this season, are, Do- 
decatkeon meadia, reddish purple and white, an ele¬ 
gant plant; Delphinium tricorne, a fine early blue lark¬ 
spur; Convallaria majalis, lily of the valley, with pretty 
white flowers; Polemonium cceruleum, blue; Silene 
pennsylvdnica, red; Corydalis glauca, purple and yel¬ 
low; Veronica spicata, blue. 
Latter part of 5 mo. 
Trillium grandijlorum, white; Veronica gentianoi- 
des, blue; Geranium sanguineum, red; Trollius euro- 
peus , yellow; Phlox ovata, rose; Pceonia tenuifolia, 
dark crimson,—are all fine though not splendid plants. 
Some double varieties of Aquilegea vulgaris, or garden 
columbine, are 'very rich and fine. The genus Iris, 
with its many Showy species of blue, purple, yellow, 
variegated, mottled, and white, forms a very conspicu¬ 
ous group. But the most splendid flowers are the 
Poeonias—among the finest of which are the Pceonia 
albiflora, with its varieties,— Whitleii, pale pink 
becoming white, in large globular double flowers five 
to six inches in diameter,— Humei, dark rose, large 
and densely double,—and Fragrans, red, not so large, 
but very fragrant; P. Pottsii, with flowers of dark rich 
velvet crimson; P. Reevesii, splendid double rose; and 
the rose and pink varieties of P. officinalis . These 
are all perfectly hardy, and of very easy culture, the 
double flowers usually varying from four to six inches 
in diameter. 
Early Summer Flowers. 
Among those which are decidedly of the first class 
for ornament, are the following:— Dictamnus fraxi- 
nella, with its white and purple varieties; Phlox ma- 
culata, fine red; Spiraea aruncus, with large feathery 
plumes, and S. flipendula, smaller and of clearer color 
—both white; Clematis ere eta, from two to four feet 
high, a mass of white bloom; Gladiolus communis, red- 
purple; Campanula persicifolia, blue and white, the 
double white variety truly splendid; C. grandifior a, 
with large, blue, rich flowers, and elegant growth; 
Digitalis purpurea (fox glove) richly dotted purple, 
and white; Lythrum salicaria , and L. virgatum, pur¬ 
ple; Orchis fimbriata, with beautiful fringed purple 
spikes, native; and Papaver orientate and P . bractea - 
turn, oriental and Caucassian poppies. Papaver nudi- 
caule, a biennial, is one of thefinest clear rich yellow 
flowers. 
Mid-Summer. 
The duration of the earliest flowers of spring., is of 
but few days at fart.herest; but as we advance in the 
season, the period of each plant is greatly prolonged, 
many in summer and autumn continuing for several 
weeks. Hence a fewer number is required to maintain 
a continued bloom. 
Some of the finest flowers of mid-summer are the 
following :— 
Spiraea ulmaria. , pure white; and S, iobata, pink- 
