1848 . 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
259 
importance that young animals, in particular, should 
be supplied with i'ood capable of yielding this substance 
in proportion to the regularly increasing demand of the 
system. Milk is in this respect a perfect food, and 
may be said to be the most proper substance, that 
can be given. The effect of not duly supplying ani¬ 
mals with their suitable food, may have been seen in 
pigs which were kept in pens, not allowed to come to 
the ground, and fed with weak slops and vegetables. 
Their bones are frequently weak, as is shown by their 
crooked legs, which are unable to support the body. 
Give them milk, and allow them an opportunity to take 
proper exercise, and they will speedily improve—the 
bones becoming firm and strong. 
Soiling. —Sir John Sinclair in his “ Husbandry of 
Scotland,” remarks that “ Milch cows give more milk 
when soiled than when pastured, provided due atten¬ 
tion is bestowed in furnishing them with a regular sup¬ 
ply of grass at stated periods—say six times each day 
—and keeping them clean and free from nastiness.” 
Cost of Fences. —Nicholas Biddle once remarked 
that the cost of fencing alone in the state of Pennsylva¬ 
nia, would pay the state debt, about forty million dol¬ 
lars. 
A Rochester Mill in Spain. —John Eggleston, of 
Rochester, has furnished a model mill, to be copied in 
the erection of a flouring mill at Bilboa. in Spain. 
Windham County, Vermont. —Next fair of the 
Agricultural Society will beheld at Fayettville, on the 
5th and 6th days of October next. The officers of this 
society are, Daniel Kellogg, President ; Chas. Cha¬ 
pin, Emory Wheelock, Vice Presidents; Chas. K. 
Field, Treasurer; John Tufts, of Wardsboro, Secre¬ 
tary. A very judicious premium list has been publish¬ 
ed, and we presume the exhibition will be creditable to 
the intelligent citizens of the section. 
Turneps vs. Potatoes. —Boussingault, in his work 
on Rural Economy, tells us in his “ Elements ol Crops/’ 
that the Turnep is the most watery root he has exam¬ 
ined, and that by desiccation he found out of one hun¬ 
dred pans of fresh turnep, ninety-two and a half parts 
were water ; whilst by a similar process he found that 
from one hundred parts of fresh potato only 76 parts 
were water. The elementary constituents of the two 
kinds of vegetables were very similar : according to 
these analyses of Boussingault’syou will perceive that, 
weight for weight, the “ raw” potato exceeds more 
than three times the nutritious properties of the turnep 
—or, in plain figures, 3.2 times. 
Chemistry and Agriculture. —Within the last 
year or two, we have seen frequent notices of the in¬ 
vestigations of Kuhlman, of Paris, in relation to the 
connexion of chemistry with agriculture. A volume 
has lately been published embracing the results of his 
researches on the subject. This we have not seen, but 
from a review of the work which we find in the Scottish 
Quarterly Journal of Agriculture, we learn that the 
leading object of the author was to ascertain facts in 
regard to the operation of substances used as manures. 
For this purpose he instituted a series of experiments 
with many different articles. The trials appear to 
have been fairly conducted, and with a sole view to the 
elicitation of truth. Some of the conclusions to which 
his results have tended are as follows : 
That the value of manures may be ascertained by the 
quantity of azote or ammonia they contain : that the 
phosphates did not produce the same invigorating or 
stimulating effect as the azotised manures, though their 
action was more lasting than the latter : that there 
seems to be a limit to the beneficial action of ammonia, 
as a superabundant application actually decreases the 
produce. 
The reviewer observes:—“ Unlike many agricultural 
writers of the day, Kuhlman has drawn all his conclu- 
sions from experiment ; he has not, like them, com¬ 
menced with his theory, and twisted all his results to 
make them agree w T ith the preconceived opinion. On 
the contrary the experiments are fairly tried : and the 
deductions so modestly drawn, that every reader must 
feel himself compelled to agree with them, notwith¬ 
standing they ditfer from the expressed opinion, that 
plants derive all their azote from the air. Against this 
opinion we may place the conclusion at which Kuhl¬ 
man has arrived, from careful and laborious experi¬ 
ments, namely,— 4 That if the air can supply sufficient 
azote for vegetation, we can double that vegetation by 
the addition of azote to the soil.' ” 
The Wheat Crop at the West. —-The Prairie 
Farmer of July, says—“ The present prospect for the 
wheat crop, and indeed for all other crops, has not 
been better since the settlement of the northwestern 
country. Notwithstanding the ravages of the Hessian 
fly in the fall, and the damage done by the winter, 
there bids fair to be a tolerable crop of winter wheat, 
even in the most unfortunate districts; while in those not 
affected by these visitations, the present promise was 
never better. The proportion of good weather has been 
so large that fields which seemed past hope in the ear¬ 
ly spring, now promise a fair yield. Contrary to our 
expectations, the Hessian fly has hardly been heard of 
this spring. We looked for his disappearance alter the 
present season, but did not anticipate exemption quite 
so soon. The prospects of the wheat crop, in the 
southern belt of the northwest, including a strip say 
three hundred miles wide, lying north of the south end 
of this State, has n^t been otherwise than good. Its 
present keeps pace with its past prom’so. The north¬ 
ern belt, extending from the southern extremity of 
Lake Michigan to the northern limit of Wisconoin, suf¬ 
fered more or less in the fall and winter, from the caus¬ 
es alluded to. Within this belt, spring wheat not only 
makes up for whatever deficiency there might be in the 
winter crop; but from past failures, has become a vast 
crop of itself. Perhaps so much of this was never be¬ 
fore put in as the present season. Taking altogether, 
the dark shades are few and unimportant. Still there 
are many risks yet to be run. Through i he State of Ohio, 
also, the crops never gave better promise. The corn 
crop is, if possible, fairer than the wheat, with us: and 
according to present indications, will be much larger 
than ever before May there be no disappointment. 
A Cold Well. —A letter was lately read before the 
Natural History Department of the Brooklyn Institute, 
describing a singular phenomenon connected with what 
is called “ the deep well,” near the village of Owego, 
N. Y. It is seventy-seven feet deep to the surface of 
the water, and was excavated twenty-five years ago. 
Two years alter it was dug, the water became frozen 
in the winter, and it has been frozen every severe win¬ 
ter since. Two years ago a lump of ice was drawn 
out of the well in July. In the month of June last 
there was only two feet of water, and its temperature 
was 40° 
Californian Horses. —We have seen it stated that 
Com Stockton has taken measures to introduce to the 
United States, some of the breed of horses called c ana- 
los, with which Col. Fremont pet formed his wonder¬ 
ful feats in travelling, noticed in a previous number. 
Farm of the Kings County Alms House.—A t¬ 
tached to the Alms-House is a farm of 113 acres, 70 of 
which is the property of the County; the additional 43 
acres have been leased for a term of 7 years, at $6 per 
acre, by the Superintendents. The products of the 
farm during the last year were as follows: Wheat, 190 
