48 
THE CULTIVATOR 
Jan. 
11 Consternation,” the property of J. B. Burnet, Sy¬ 
racuse,—received the highest premium of the N. Y. State 
Ag. Soc. on Blood Horses, in 1845, and has received se¬ 
veral certificates as the best horse in that class, at several 
subsequent shows. “ Consternation” was imported by 
Mr. Albott, of Oneida county. He is ahorse of good 
bone and substance, and is the sire of much good stock in 
that locality. 
Farming in Pennsylvania. 
Barns. —In that part of Pennsylvania through which 
we passed, the barns are generally built of stone. They 
consist of two stories, the lower of which is divided into 
apartments for horses and cattle, and the upper is ap¬ 
propriated to the storage of hay, grain, &c. The walls 
are usually very thick—not less than two feet—and being 
well laid in mortar, are nearly impervious to moisture 
and air. Windows are placed in the walls at proper 
places, for ventilation. The large doors are on the side, 
and teams with loads reach the floor of the second story 
by means of a bank or wharf made for the purpose. Sta¬ 
tionary horse-powers, mostly on the lever principle, re¬ 
quiring from five to six horses for threshing grain, are 
generally placed in the basement, or in an adjoining 
building. In some instances these powers are being dis¬ 
placed by the endless-chain powers, which occupy much 
less space, and are worked by one or two horses. The 
stalls are very warm—or can be made so—and in winter 
afford excellent quarters for the animals. In warm 
weather, they may be cool, but in some instances there 
appeared to be insufficient ventilation. The fodder is 
thrown from the upper story through scuttles or holes 
in the floor, and is then distributed to the various ani¬ 
mals. 
The practice of pitching hay from the load by horse¬ 
power, prevails on many farms in Bucks county. The 
apparatus for this operation consists of a strong fork, to 
which is attached a rope passing over a pulley fastened 
to the ridgepole of the barn, and thence over another 
pulley attached to the barn-floor. A horse is attached 
to the lower end of the rope and when the fork is plunged 
into the hay he raises it by pulling. The balance of the 
fork when loaded is preserved by a small rope, attached 
to the end of the handle, and held by a man on the floor, 
who by slacking the hold of the rope, permits the fork 
to discharge itself, when it has reached its destined place. 
By this contrivance the hay is readily raised to the high¬ 
est parts of the barn. A man, with a boy to lead the 
horse, can pitch six tons of hay in an hour,—raising it 
fifteen to twenty feet. 
Management of Manure.' —The general plan of the 
barns is tolerably convenient, as respects most of the ar¬ 
rangements ; but they differ in some important features 
from the plan which is most approved in some other 
sections, especially as to the accommodations for animals 
and the disposition which is made of the manure. The 
stalls are daily cleaned, and the manure is thrown into 
the yard. The impression of a New-Englander, accus¬ 
tomed to depositing manure in a cellar under the barn, 
would be that this exposure of that substance, spread 
about as it is over the yard, would be productive of great 
loss. It is probable that some loss does take place under 
these circumstances, but to a less extent than would oc¬ 
cur if it were not for the fact that the manure is mixed 
in the yard with a large quantity of vegetable matter. 
Wheat is largely grown on many of the Pennsylvania 
farms, and the straw is at intervals spread over the yard, 
and is trodden in by the stock with the manure from the 
stalls, which is also spread about the yard. This absorbs 
