1852, 
THE CULTIVATOR 
245 
and this is in consequence of the necessity of their lungs 
consuming a greater quantity of carbon to generate the 
animal heat required to counteract the severity of the 
climate. Also, if an animal be confined in air that con¬ 
tains more than its natural per centage of oxygen, a hur¬ 
ried respiration and more rapid combustion of carbon 
ensues, which throws the animal into a feverish state— 
elevating its temperature too high. The nitrogen of the 
air is simply a diluent that regulates the quantity of oxy¬ 
gen. Now, if this be the effect of air upon animal life, 
it certainly is very unlike that upon vegetable, for the 
sun is the great agent whose genial rays warm into action 
the latent energies of the apparently lifeless plant. 
True, there are occasionally instances of an elevation 
of temperature during the vigorous growth or flowering 
of certain plants, as a few species of the Arum, &e., but 
this is attended with the consumption of oxygen, which 
is by no means of general occurrence, the process of vege¬ 
tation being to absorb carbonic acid, retain and appro¬ 
priate the carbon to its own use, and eliminate the oxy¬ 
gen. J. E. P. Chatham , N. Y. 
Floors for Foundered Horses. 
Mr. Tucker— It is, doubtless, a well known fact, to 
many of your readers, that a foundered horse cannot be 
effectually cured, unless taken in hand immediately; and 
that in many instances, foundered horses continue to grow 
stiff and lame, as they increase in years. We do not 
deny that inveterate cases of founder may he cured , but 
the instances are few where a horse is effectually cured, 
after having been foundered for a number of years. 
Foundered horses, could they but speak, would say 
that they suffered extremely, from the intense pain in 
their legs and feet; and any one may satisfy himself of 
this fact, by watching their uneasiness while standing 
still—their incessant stepping—taking up the forefeet 
constantly, and feeling, as it were, with them, for an easy 
place to stand. This constant pain operates not unlike 
the tooth ache in the human family. By it the rest is 
broken, and the health greatly impaired. 
But, if the founder cannot be cured, the condition of 
a foundered horse may be much ameliorated. I have a 
foundered horse, and many times it seemed almost im¬ 
possible for her to get out of the stable. The elasticity 
of her legs was gone, and it was “ miseryation” to see 
her walk. I put her on a floor of earth—but found it was 
too cold and wet for her health. I then laid a floor of 
plank directly on the ground, leaving an opening for the 
fore feet, about six inches wide, and eighteen long. Dur¬ 
ing most of the time she would stand in this opening. 
As the floor was laid on a calcareous, retentive subsoil, 
she soon made mud in this hole. In a short time her 
legs began to assume their wonted elasticity, and many 
times no appearance of founder could be discovered. 
The object in having a plank floor with a hole in it, as 
described, is twofold. One is, the horse may have all 
the benefit of a floor of earth, and yet not be in danger of 
being exposed too much to a wet and cold stall. Anoth¬ 
er is, it is a great relief, after standing in this mud a suf¬ 
ficient length of time, to stand on the floor; and when 
they lie down their bed is dry. 
If those who are so unfortunate as to have foundered 
horses, will construct this kind of floor, they will soon 
discover a great improvement in the travelling of their 
horses, and also in their health and fleshy condition. 
Truly yours. S. Edwards Todd. Lake-Ridge, Tomp¬ 
kins Co ., N. Y. _ 
Analyses of Bran and Oil-cake. 
Eds. Cultivator —In the May number (p. 192) of 
the Cultivator , I see an inquiry for analyses of bran and 
oil-cake, which you said you could not furnish, save an 
imperfect analysis of the ash of bran, which you gave. 
I therefore take the liberty of sending you some more 
full. The analysis of the bran of “ a soft French wheat,” 
grown in 1848, by M. Millon, yielded, 
Starch, dextrine and sugar,. 53.00 
Sugar of liquorice,. 1.00 
Gluten,. . 14.90 
Fatty matter,. 3.00 
Woody matter,. 9.70 
Salts,. 0.50 
Water,. 13.90 
Aromatic principles, &c., (by loss,). 3.40 
100.00 
I copy this from Beck’s second report on the bread- 
stuffs of the United States. Patent Office Keport, 1849, 
part second, page 55. 
Prof. Norton, in his lectures on scientific agriculture, 
delivered at the Yale Analytical Laboratory, in 1850, 
quotes the following analyses of fine samples of wheat 
bran: 
No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. No. 5. 
Oil,. 5.26 6.17 6.16 6.53 6.49 
Water,. 11.29 11.82 12.02 12.06 12.91 
Ash,. 6 90 6.09 9.09 7.08 6.07 
From all the above analyses, we see that it contains 
the ingredients to make it valuable for feeding, which 
coincides with the experience of many practical farmers. 
Prof. Way, of the Eoyal Agricultural College, Eng¬ 
land, published the following analyses of flax seed and 
oil-cake, in the Journal of the Eoyal Agricultural So¬ 
ciety, and they were copied in the U. S. Patent Office 
Eeport, 1849, part second, page 488, where the following 
remarks are made: 
Seven samples of American oil-cake gave the follow¬ 
ing results*. 
Oil,. 11.41 
Water,. 7.60 
Nitrogen,... 4.74 
Ash,. 6.35 
The mean of several analyses of the ash of flax seed, 
is as follows, which will perhaps represent very nearly, 
the composition of the ash of oil-cake: 
Silica,. 1.45 
Phosphoric acid,.38.54 
Sulphuric “ 1.56 
Carbonic “ 0.22 
Lime,..... 8 40 
Magnesia,. 13.11 
Peroxyde of iron,. 0.50 
Potash,.34.17 
Soda,. 1.69 
Chloride of Sodium,. 0.36 
100.00 
11 From the above figures, the scientific farmer will see. 
that the manure formed by 100 lbs. of oil-cake, is more 
than that derived from 800 lbs. of Indian corn. 800 lbs. 
of corn contain but 1| lbs. of phosphoric acid; 100 lbs. 
of oil-cake contain about 24 lbs-” I am sir, your ob’t 
serv’t, W. H. Brewer. Ithaca , N. Y., May 11, 1852. 
Never be idle. If your hands cannot be usefully em¬ 
ployed, attend to the cultivation of your mind. 
