3S2 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
Nov, 
Fowler’s Draining-Flow. 
One of the most complete inventions of modern times, 
is the new English Draining-plow, for the annexed en¬ 
graving, of which we are indebted to B. P. Johnson, Esq. 
Two horses work at one side of a field at a capstan, and 
by an almost invisible wire rope, gradually draw towards 
it a low frame work. Beneath this frame work, extends 
downwards three or four feet, a strong coulter, at the 
bottom of which is a metallic plug, which moving 
forwards, forms a horizontal hole through the sub-soil. 
To the back end of the plug is attached a rope, on which 
tubular tile has been strung; thus the tile are drawn in 
and fitted to the drain thus formed, as fast as the frame¬ 
work moves forward. The only trace left on the surface 
of the field is a narrow slit made by the coulter, while 
an invisible drain has been formed under the feet. Hence, 
the operation of draining may be performed without in¬ 
jury to any short crop which may be upon the field. 
When the surface is undulating, a most ingenious con¬ 
trivance preserves a perfectly straight and uniform slope 
to the drain. The coulter is worked up and down by the 
man who stands on the frame, by means of a screw and 
wheel, (like the brake-wheel on a rail-car,) his eye being 
guided by a try-sight on the frame, and a cross-staff at 
the end of the field. Drains forty rods long are com¬ 
pleted at one operation; strings of pipe, each 50 ft. long 
being successively added, and when done, the whole rope 
is withdrawn. Pusey’s late report on this machine, pub¬ 
lished in the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, 
is quite favorable. It has been fully proved that in suit¬ 
able land, the cost of draining need not be more than 
30 English shillings per acre, or one-half the usual ex¬ 
pense, and about one-third the expense in this country 
where labor is more costly. 
Hon. Horatio Seymour’s Address 
At the State Fair at Utica , 1852. 
After alluding to local associations, which render me¬ 
morable the place of the Fair, the orator divided the 
history of farming into two eras, that of the axe, 
and that of commercial farming. He spoke in terms 
of the highest eulogium of the heroic spirit which cha¬ 
racterised the pioneer settlers of the country, of the toil 
and privation they endured, and of the rich legacy they 
left their more favored descendants. 
Speaking of the present age, he says, 
u The extension of facilities for conveying the produc¬ 
tions of our soil to the markets of our own country, and 
those of the commercial world, has not only enlarged the 
area of agricultural pursuits, but by giving to our farm¬ 
ers an unlimited cash market, has also made essential 
to success certain principles which would have been in¬ 
jurious during the period I have described. It involves 
many considerations of great interest and value, and 
deeply affecting the social and economical conduct of 
agricultural labor. At an early period, “ production for 
self consumption,” was the leading purpose; now, no 
farmer would find it profitable (i to do everything within 
himself.” He now sells for money, and it is his interest 
to buy with money every article that he cannot produce 
cheaper than he can buy. He cannot afford to make at 
home his clothing, his furniture, or his farming utensils; 
he buys many articles for consumption for his table. He 
produces that which he can raise and sell to the best ad¬ 
vantage, and he is in a situation to buy all that he can 
purchase cheaper than he can produce. Time and labor 
have become cash articles, and he neither lends nor bar¬ 
ters them. His farm does not now merely afford him a 
subsistence; it produces capital, and therefore demands 
the expenditure of capital for its improvement. 
11 An extended cash market also enables him to sim¬ 
plify his processes. He can now take advantage of the 
principle which lies at the foundation of success in com¬ 
mercial and manufacturing pursuits, of il doing one thing, 
and doing it extensively and well.” 
Confining his attention to one subject from year to 
year, he becomes skilled in his peculiar pursuits, and 
methodizes and cheapens his processes. Informed with 
regard to the markets, he learns to follow his produc¬ 
tions into the open markets of the world; trace them, 
perhaps, to the shores of Europe, and thus is lead to in¬ 
form himself more thoroughly in relation to the princi¬ 
ples of commerce, the laws of trade, and the tastes and 
habits of his customers. 
