PLATE 30 
Recurvaria milleri: 
A. —Lodgepole pine stand showing damage. This stand has suffered for years by 
repeated defoliations. The defoliated condition of the lodgepole pine is plainly 
indicated by comparison with the mountain hemlock (the dark-colored tree showing 
full complement of needles). The three stages of defoliation are well illustrated in 
this photograph: o, First stage, indicated by partially defoliated twigs on limbs in 
upper right foreground. Only the 1919 growth on the tips of the twigs shows as full 
a complement of needles. The annual growth prior to 1919 has sufTered to a greater 
or less degree by defoliation. This stage represents the initial stage of damage. 
b, Second or intermediate stage, shown by appearance of tree in left foreground. 
This tree has suffered severely by defoliation, many twigs being dead and the foliage 
almost entirely gone. The 1919 needle growth is stunted, indicating weakened 
vitality, c, Third and last stage, indicated by tall tree in center, just to right of hem¬ 
locks. Note the dead crown and limbs and almost entire absence of foliage. 
B. —Lodgepole pine stand which has suffered severely by defoliation. Every tree 
has been repeatedly attacked for years. Note the dead crowns and limbs and scarcity 
of foliage. The top of the small tree in the foreground shows heavy damage to young, 
vigorous trees, as well as to the mature trees in the background. 
