Aug. i, 1921 
673 
Red Date-Palm Scale: Technical Description 
adult, as indicated by the measurements given, considerably larger and broader, derm 
remaining more or less chitinized and yellow brown on being treated with caustic 
potash, the extent of this apparently depending on the age of the specimens at the time 
of their separation from the living host; antennae placed ventrally near the body 
margin, separated from each other by a distance slightly greater than the width of 
the framework of the mouthparts, very small, apparently 1-segmented, and of peculiar 
construction, the apex invaginated for fully half its length, and bearing five short 
spines at the bottom of the invagination, these protruding little, if any, beyond the 
mouth of the invagination; legs entirely wanting; framework of mouthparts large, 
but relatively less conspicuous than in preceding stage; beak small and stout, conical, 
segmentation not definitely determinable; spiracles with an elongate bar, expanded at 
inner end, with a loose cluster of from 12 to 15 quinquelocular disk pores around the 
opening, and with a varying number of similar pores scattered beyond each spiracle 
towards the margin, these particularly noticeable opposite the anterior pair; derm 
with the papillae remaining closely crowded at posterior and anterior apices of body, 
but much more scattered along lateral margins where the principal expansion due to 
growth evidently occurs; derm with only one other type of pore in addition to the 
spiracular pores, this a long tubular duct with bilocular inner end, similar to those of 
larva and second stage, but much more abundant, varying somewhat in size, a few 
scattered dorsally, but mostly occurring along the margin and ventrally, never in 
clusters, although more numerous in certain areas, as throughout the ventral groove 
region, than in others; derm with an occasional small seta, these most numerous in 
the midventral abdominal area; anal ring placed ventrally near the posterior apex of 
the body, small, simple, heavily chitinized, retaining the two lower setae only as in 
preceding stage. 
Male larva. —Apparently indistinguishable from that of female. 
Male second-stage larva (PI. 131, J-M).—Rather elongate ovoid, broadest 
before the middle, length about 0.32 mm., width about 0.18111m., probably flattened; 
antennae placed near anterior apex of body, separated by the width of the framework 
of the mouthparts, small and short tubular, apparently 1-segmented, more or less 
invaginated at apex; legs entirely wanting; framework of mouthparts very large and 
conspicuous, beak small, short conical, segmentation not determinable; spiracles 
small, with a heavy chitinous bar somewhat expanded at inner end, each accompanied 
by a single, normally quinquelocular disk pore; derm with some of the tubular ducts 
of other stages along the margin of the body and in the submarginal area ventrally; 
derm, at least on the abdomen, with eight longitudinal rows of small setae, one seta 
of each row to a segment, two rows dorsal, two marginal, and four ventral; derm with 
a few small papillae around the posterior apex of the abdomen, these quite incon¬ 
spicuous; anal ring small, simple, kidney-shaped, retaining the lower two small 
setae, and showing a slight chitinized connection with the still lower pair of large 
setae, but these well removed from the ring proper. 
Male pupa (PI. 131, N; 132, E).—Elongate oval, length about 0.36 mm., width 
about 0.16 to 0.18 mm.; antennae and legs large and conspicuous, showing distinct 
segmentation in stained specimens, all these long conical, tapering from base to apex, 
the antennae placed at the anterior apex of the body and protruding laterad and a 
little backwards, showing five distinct segments; anterior legs pointing ceplialad, 
parallel and somewhat overlapping the antennae, intermediate legs directed back¬ 
wards and outwards, posterior legs extending backwards, nearly parallel and nearly 
reaching the apex of the abdomen, all the legs showing five distinct segments in 
stained specimens; mouthparts wanting, the derm with a large, roughly circular, 
chitinized area at the point where these occur in other stages; spiracles small and 
stout, without quinquelocular or other pores; derm, so far as can be noted, entirely 
without specialized secreting pores or ducts; with eight rows of tiny circles, these 
