iS 
‘ Trypanosomes, Trypanosomiasis and Sleeping Sickness,’ was pub¬ 
lished as Memoir XVI, 1905, of the Liverpool School of Tropical 
Medicine. 
This paper contains the full report of all the treatment experi¬ 
ments. They wrote : — 
‘ We have, therefore, to realise that the ordinary arsenic 
compounds when administered, only produce a temporary favourable 
effect, that, if long continued, the animals will die either from the 
parasite or from the arsenic, or from both. Hence, some other 
compound is indicated It is for this reason that the newer 
compounds of arsenic have been experimented with in order to find a 
preparation capable of being used over a long period and in high 
doses without producing toxic symptoms Of the various preparations 
tried, a meta-arsenic anilin compound, atoxyl, has proved the most 
satisfactory, but it is not ideal. It is not non-toxic, as dogs, kittens, 
guinea-pigs, and rabbits have shewn toxic symptoms and succumbed, 
but it is not so toxic as sodium arseniate. It does not produce the 
sloughing which so often follows the subcutaneous or intravenous 
inoculation of sodium arseniate. it causes no pain, and its administra¬ 
tion can be continued over a period of many months even when used 
in extremely high doses. 
‘ It is the only remedy at present giving any prospects of a cure. 
In the treatment of cases a rational method of treatment must be 
adopted. It is useless, for instance, to only administer arsenic for a 
short period or until the parasites have apparently disappeared from 
the peripheral circulation. The drug must be administered in as 
high doses as possible, and it must be continued even until after all 
the favourable signs are present, viz., disappearance of parasites from 
the blood, increase of weight, improvement in the blood count 
and percentage of haemoglobin, loss of the auto-agglutination 
phenomenon of the blood corpuscles, decrease in and more regular 
temperature. From time to time susceptible animats ought to be 
inoculated with large quantities of the patient's blood, at least in 
the physical condition of the individual should be used. If such a 
epme be carried out, and treatment commenced at an early period 
.he prognosis (based on the experience of freated animals) 
