2 
In thanking Mr. Braid for some remarks (published in the 
British Medical Journat) Livingstone states ' that though my hopes 
are not sanguine, I still mean to try the remedy, if opportunity offers. 
Our instructions require us to examine the whole subject carefully, 
and the results will be communicated to the Royal Society.' 
In the British Medical Journal of February 13, 1858, there 
appears a letter from Mr. Braid, dated from Manchester, February 6, 
1858, in which he says: ‘On reading the interesting facts 
communicated by Livingstone, one of the most notable is his narrative 
of the remarkable and fatal phenomena manifested in oxen and 
sheep from the bite of the tsetse fly. It immediately occurred to me 
that it would be highly interesting to institute some experiments 
with the view of discovering a remedy for this curious and fatal 
malady, and my mind immediately reverted to the prophylactic 
powers of arsenic against the poison of the most venomous reptiles 
Braid then quotes Dr. Honigberger’s case of a fakir who was an 
Arsenic eater, and who ascribed to this reason his immunity to the 
bite of the serpent. 
Use of Arsenious 
add and Sodium 
arseniate 
Such at any rate was the source from which the idea developed of 
giving small doses of Arsenic to oxen bitten by the tsetse fly. 
Surgeon-Major RANKING had been struck with the similarity 
existing between the disease Surra in horses and mules and malaria, 
and recommended a treatment similar to that used in malaria, but 
although he freely used Quinine, we find no evidence that he 
employed Arsenic. 
We then come to the period of definite organised experiments, and 
foremost amongst investigators stands Bruce, who added an immense 
number of new acts to our very scanty knowledge of trypanosomiasis 
Bkuce, ,n his classical report entitled ■ Further Report on the Tsetse 
Xh“ag::r ^ 
the blood- as r u- ^aematozoa out of 
markedly ',nod^i.ed >CZur7ff JTT' 
a.ent, he argued that if Msenie loted'rcourfe^f 
