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in the village of a permanent Ambulance consisting of one doctor 
with a medical student as assistant, whilst the General Secretary of 
the League remained there alternately with the assistant of the 
Bacteriological Laboratory at the University, so that the Staff always 
consisted of tliree members, under the general direction of Professor 
Savas and Dr. Cardamatis. 
The plain of Marathon lies at a distance of 36 kilometres from 
Athens, and contains three villages. Marathon, the capital of the 
deme, with 1,200 inhabitants, Bey, with 150, and Souli. with 160 
inhabitants. There are, in addition to these villages, several small 
hamlets scattered here and there in the plain, inhabited by 173 souls 
in all, giving a total population of the plain of 1,680. 
According to the statements of the local doctors, the number of 
cases of malaria averages between 80 per cent, and 90 per cent, of 
the population. Dr. Papasotirios examined, during the month of 
October, 1906, the spleen of all the pupils of both the schools, and 
found them enlarged in the case of 100 per cent. 
Besides this, of 1,216 individuals, whom we examined in the 
month of May O.S., 1,031 or 85 per cent, admitted that they had 
suffered from marsh fever during the previous summer. This large 
number of cases of malaria is chietly due to the neighbouring river¬ 
bed, the waters of w'hich decrease in volume in the summer months, 
and leave pools full of larvae of Anopheles superpic/us. 
The peasants are also inoculated with the disease during the 
night, when sleeping m their vineyards, which are situated in the 
plain, close to several pools and two large marslies, in which breeding- 
places of Anophelincs were always discovered, and especially 
A.nopheles claviger, superpictus and less often bifurcatus. 
The work was commenced in two ways, first by ridding the waters 
of the river-bed of the Anophclines, and, secondly, by the regular 
distribution of quinine to all the inhabitants as a curative and 
preventive measure. 
The waters of the river-bed were concentrated in a nariow 
channel, in order to assure a rapid flow, and the pools were covered 
with petroleum once a week. 
This work was partly carried out by workmen, but chiefly by the 
pupils of the schools, who gladly assisted under the leadership of their 
teacher, and they were thus afforded an opportunity of a practical 
