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living patients is not by any means a proof of the infection of the 
intestine proper, and quite especially of the rectum. These eggs 
may, and in many cases do, come from the liver; the only question 
of importance which remains to be answered in this connection is the 
question as to the reasons, why the infection of the liver is, 
in certain localities as the exception, in other localities as the 
rule, not followed by an infection of the bladder. I will show later 
that there is a possibility—and to my mind not even a very far¬ 
fetched possibility — to explain this curious difference, without the 
help of a mythical ‘ new species.’ 
We have seen above that the ‘ specific pathogenic action ’ assigned 
by Dr. Sambon to his Sch. mansoni does not exist, for Sch. hcemato- 
bium is capable of producing the same lesions. We see now that 
there is no ‘ special anatomical habitat ’ either, for the lateral-spined 
eggs appearing in the faeces of living persons may be such of young 
Sch. hematobium deposited in, and voided from, the liver. It may be 
added that up to the present nobody appears to have seen lateral- 
spined eggs in females imbedded in the gynaecophoric canal of the 
male, and the latter imbedded in a vein of the rectal wall. I have 
myself seen in situ quite a number of such females, but they only 
contained terminal-spined ova. I do not attribute any demonstrative 
value to these statements, but may point out that Dr. Sambon’s 
theory would find an important support if he, or somebody else, could 
produce females collected under the conditions above 
litentioned, which possessed in her uterus exclusively, 
and as many lateral-spined eggs as the ordinary females possess 
terminal-spined eggs under the same conditions. I have in some 
instances counted the eggs in females collected from the mesenterial, 
rectal, and vesical veins, and have found them to vary in number 
between 8o and 150.* ** 
We now come to Dr. SamBON’s third proof, the ‘peculiar 
geographical distribution ’ of Sch. mansoni. I may freely confess 
* In a case quite recently examined I found a little colony of worms in the 
^^®°'’fhoidal vein, about 7 cm. distant from the anus. There were five couples and 
0 bachelor males. All males measure (after preservation)-5-6 mm. in length; their 
do not yet contain free spermatoana. The females average 7 mm. in length, 
f ‘oternal genital organs do not show spermatozoa. Three are also entirely free 
• ; the two others contain each one lateral-spined ovum in the ootype, none 
the uterus. This observation shows that the worms may leave the liver before 
** attained, but otherwise agrees with the theory. (Note added while 
teadrag the proofs.) 
