194 
as fever-stricken and unhealthy. The town was full of mosquitoes, 
including two species of Anophelines, Culcx fa/igans and Slegmyia 
spp., in abundance. These mosquitoes were breeding in cess-pook 
under the houses, in basement cellars flooded with sewage, gardni 
fountains, barrels containing water, and were a veritable pest day and 
night, summer and winter. 
In May, 1906, a campaign against mosquitoes was instituted io 
the town as a general sanitary measure, with funds subscribed by tbf 
Government and the Suez Canal Company, the support erf 
Prince d’Arenberg, President of the Canal Company, and Sir Horace 
Pinching, late Director-General of the Egyptian Public Health 
Department, having been obtained. Two mosquito brigades were 
formed, one for the European and one for the native quarters of the 
town, and the oiling of all stagnant water practised once every week. 
Cess-pools were re-built and cellars filled up, with the result that 
within three months tlie mosquitoes were reduced to a negligible 
quantity, and mosquito nets largely dispensed with. Now, after tn’o 
years, mosquitoes have become so rare in the town that Ihev can be 
ignored, and malaria, though never very prevalent, has completely 
disappeared. But dengue fever has disappeared also, no rase having 
been treated m Port .Said since July, 1906. During the early part of 
that yeai. before tlie mosquito work began, dengue fever made its 
appearance as usual. Tlhrlecn cases were treated in the hospital 
alone during April and May, and llien as the mosquitoes disappeared 
e disease stopped and has not recurred since. In September, 190^ 
a sev ere epidemic raged throughout Egypt, beginning at Assouan and 
running rife in Cairo and Alexandria. It appeared in all the other 
towns, hut Port Said and Ismailia remained free from it, no case 
occurring m either place. During the autumn of 1907 it again passed 
through Cairo and other parts of Egypt, but again Ismailia and Port 
baid escaped. Formerly the wards of the hospital in this tovvn were 
n o cases of fev.er during the summer months, but now the beds 
are used for other cases, which no longer contract fever although the 
mosquito nets have been removed. The extinction of the mosquito 
s great y simplified in Egyptian towns owing to the dry summers, and 
le results can be easily watched. Port Said has a population of 
5b.ooo. and Ismailia 10.000. The cost of the mosquito work in the 
former is sixpence per head of population per year, while in the latter 
