238 
FLAGELLATED FORMS 
Flagella-like processes in different species of Piroplama in blood 
have been frequently described. Bowhill and Le Doux,2 Nuttall and 
Graham-Smith,^^ and Kinoshita,^ describe their occurrence in 
/ iroplasma canis \ Lignicres’^ and Bowhill^ in cattle piroplasniosis; 
Fantham® in Piroplasma nturis. Ihese processes have been more 
frequently observed in cultivation forms, and in developmental forms 
in the tick, by Koch,'-* Kleine,® Kinoshita,' and Miyajima.^* 
The meaning of some of these forms has been explained in 
different ways. Doflefn,-* Nuttall and Graham-SmithF and 
Hartmann® discuss the probability of their being mikrogainetes 
analogous to the mikrogametes of the life cycle in malaria, but nothing 
in the nature of a proof of this conception has hitherto been brought 
forward. When we consider the active amoeboid movement of the 
young parasites, it would certainly appear that most of the flagella¬ 
like processes seen must be regarded simply as fine pseudopodia. 
Kinoshita/ on the other liand (figs. 41 and 4O), figures a flagellum 
which arises from a blepharoplast and takes a chromatic stain in the 
same way as do trypanosome flagella. 
Now and again, long flagella-like processes, which were evidently 
pseudopodia, have been seen m intra -corpuscular forms (figs. 31,32) 
(Compare Kinoshita, fig. g.) 
Very rarely true small flagellate forms were seen, especially in 
ood from the lung; but we were never able to trace the origin of 
the single flagellum (fig. 27). 
Large flagellated forms have been described by Miyajima*^ in 
cu tures of Piroplasi7ia parvum, and these forms he desaibes as 
intermediate stages in the development of trypanosomes from a 
Piroplasma. He discusses at length the possibility of a 
111 ection of piroplasniosis and trypanosomiasis of the blood 
use or his culture experiments, but the facts he brings forward seem 
to be very much against such a possibility. 
Kossel’s and Weber's observation, as quoted by Schaudinn.^i seems 
o ave anticipated Miyajima’s observation with regard to large 
nagellated forms, with the difference that they observed his culture 
torms in freshly drawn blood. 
Nuttall and Graham-Smith>’ in 1905 were the first to descnbe a 
