Our observations on cattle suffering from T. dimorpkon at 
Broken Hill* did not accord with those of Dutton and Todd on 
Congolese cattle. The infection in our animals, however, was acute, 
and trypanosomes were rarely absent from the circulation: in such 
cases it is unnecessary to resort to gland puncture. Our more recent 
observations on animals suffering from a somewhat chronic form of 
disease leads us to regard it as a most valuable diagnostic method. 
It is not only of value in chronic cases, but should animal inoculation 
have been carried out, a positive examination may be obtained some 
days prior to the appearance of trypanosomes in the blood. We ma) 
quote the following cases: — 
A goat inoculated with a cattle strain of T. dimorfhcn showed trypanosomes 
uii gland puncture from the ninth day: they only appeared in the blood (i ui 
% cover-glass) on the fourteenth. 
A dog inoculated with the same strain never showed peripheral try]»n(»omef 
up to death on the thirty-fifth day. Gland puncture on the tenth and nineteenth 
days was positive. 
An ox inoculated with a trypanosome allied to T. brutei showed organisms in 
the prescapular glands two days prior to their appearance in the blood. 
An ox inoculated with a trypanosome of doubtful nature (Ninamwenda strain) 
showed organisms in the gland three days before they were seen in the blood. 
A dog inoculated with a dog strain of tadpole trypanosomes showed organisms 
on gland puncture eleven days previous to their being seen in the blood. 
Infections of the goat due to T. brucei and T. pecandi are known 
to be easily overlooked, unless means of sub-inoculation are at hand. 
The following cases are instances of the advantages of puncture;-* 
A goat inoculated with a form allied to T. brufei, which was under observation 
for six weeks, only showed trypanosomes on two occasions. They were present oo 
each of five gland punctures when not seen in the blood. 
A goat inoculated with the same strain did not show blood trypanosomes during 
the fortnight available for observation. Gland puncture showed them present 
from the seventh day. 
It is, of course, hardly to be expected that success is invariable. 
In animals known to be infected we have often been unable to detect 
their presence on puncture; but the advantages of even one positive 
case fully compensate for the small amount of labour involved in 
adopting this method as a routine for all suspected animals not 
showing peripheral trypanosomes. 
The advantages in practice may be judged by the fact that in 
three localities fifteen cases were diagnosed on blood examination, 
and four additional ones on puncture; whilst at another place. 
•.Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 1908, Vol. 2, p. Jo6. 
