1914. 
Live Stock and Dairy 
• ; ’ t 
The Scrub Cow Problem. 
I have read with interest the views ex¬ 
pressed by your correspondents in rela¬ 
tion to improvement of our dairy animals, 
but judged from the standpoint of my 
own limited experience none of these 
writers have fairly struck the keynote of 
success. 
First let us note briefly existing con¬ 
ditions. A vast majority of our dairy 
cattle are scrubs. My definition of a 
scrub is an inferior dairy animal. If this 
definition is correct, a majority of our 
registered cattle are scrubs, for a ma¬ 
jority of these cattle are certainly in¬ 
ferior dairy animals. I believe this la¬ 
mentable fact is the result of bad treat¬ 
ment of these cattle; that they are liv¬ 
ing illustrations of how quickly men with 
no knowledge of the correct principles of 
breeding, feeding and care of dairy stock, 
can cause good dairy animals to degen¬ 
erate into scrubs. Wherever a scrub 
herd is found, and they can be found 
very easily, a scrub dairyman is also 
usually found, for they go together as 
naturally as a deranged stomach and a 
headache. 
A scrub herd cannot be improved until 
the dairyman is improved, and I know 
of no better way to do this than to ex¬ 
cite his cupidity by convincing him of the 
greater profit which can be derived from 
good cows. If the “almighty dollar” will 
not cause him to sit up and take notice 
he is a hopeless case. 
The improved dairyman can secure an 
improved herd in two ways. If he is 
wealthy he can buy one ready made, but 
this is expensive, for good dairy cattle 
do not have to go begging for a good 
price. If he is poor the best way is to 
improve his scrub herd by the use of 
purebred sires of the right sort. And 
now we come to what I regard as the 
most important thing in the business of 
cattle breeding, a thing which I have al¬ 
ready alluded to as the keynote of suc¬ 
cess; the selection of the sire. 
How shall we select this sire? Cer¬ 
tainly not by buying a bull simply be¬ 
cause he is a registered animal, for I 
have already noted the fact that most 
of these registered bulls which can be 
found so easily and bought so cheaply 
a re scrubs, and the dairyman who places 
a bull of this sort at the head of his 
herd is doomed to failure from the start. 
I will give my method of selecting a bull. 
When I wish to buy a bull I look first of 
all for a cow. paradoxical as this may 
seem, and I look for just the sort of cow 
which I wish to breed from the bull 
which I buy, i. e., the very best cow I 
can find. Why? Because the dam gives 
her characteristics to her sons just as 
certainly as the sire gives his character¬ 
istics to his daughters. When I have 
found a cow that is individually satis¬ 
factory I examine her breeding. And 
here is where the value of the registered 
pedigree comes in. for it is a record of 
her ancestry. This pedigree must fairly 
bristle with great dairy preformances. 
If it lacks these I reject the cow as a 
“sport, ’ an animal which, though good 
herself, will most likely lack prepotency, 
which is the power to transmit her good 
qualities to her offspring. If I find her 
pedigree crowded with great dairy ani¬ 
mals I next examine critically what I 
will term the line of transmission in her 
pedigree. This line goes from the cow 
to her sire, and from this bull to his 
dam, and from this cow to her sire, and 
so on the further the better. If all the 
animals in this line are great dairy ani¬ 
mals I look no further, for I have found 
the dam of the bull I wish to place at 
the head of my herd. Of course I want 
the sire of this bull to be good, but this 
is of secondary importance, for a cow 
bred like the dam of this bull will be so 
prepotent that she will have about the 
whole say as to what her sons shall lx*. 
I buy the first individually good son 
of this cow which I find for sale. Of 
course I buy him as cheaply as I can. 
but I buy him. for he will be cheap at 
any price which I will have to pay. 
And this leads us to consider what a 
dairyman can afford tp pay for such a 
bull to grade up a herd of scrubs. Let 
us take a case in which this bull would 
be used to his full capacity. We will 
assume that he will be used on a herd 
of 50 scrub cows which average 200- 
IHh; KUKAb Nl£W-VOKKER 
91 
pounds of butter each per year, for 10 
years, and that he will sire 250 daughters 
which will average twice as much butter 
as their dams. And right here let me 
assure the doubting ones that there is 
nothing optimistic or visionary in this 
assumption, for such a bull can be de¬ 
pended upon to double the product of any 
scrub herd just as certainly as a good 
farmer can be depended upon to double 
the product from impoverished soil by a 
good system of fertilizing and culture. 
With butter at 35 cents per pound we 
will find the problem of this bull’s actual 
value solved in this way: 250 daughters x 
2,000 pounds butter x 35 cents per pound 
equals $175,000. It is impossible to say 
what such a bull can be bought for. "One 
might be found in the hands of a small 
breeder which could be bought for $40 
or $50. In the hands of a noted breeder 
he would probably be held at $1,000 or 
more. I have been lucky in finding two 
such bulls which cost me about $100 each. 
The question which every dairyman 
must answer for himself is, can anyone 
afford to do business with a scrub herd 
when bulls of this sort can be found at 
any price within the bounds of reason. 
New York. j. w. siiurteb. 
Guernsey Cattle Notes. —At the re¬ 
cent National Dairy Show eight cows 
were selected to found demonstration herd 
to illustrate the correct principles of fol¬ 
lowing and handling a dairy herd. Each 
cow was charged with the cost of food 
and credited with the amount of butter- 
fat produced. The cows varied, from 
showing a loss of 75 cents during the 
week up to showing a profit of $4.14 for 
the same period. The cow showing the 
greatest profit was a grade Guernsey. 
She showed a profit of $4.14 for the week, 
or $1.02 more than any other cow in the 
herd. She also showed a favorable profit 
for the amount which was expended in 
food. She returned $2.77, or 53 cents 
more than any other cow in the herd. 
There have been many instances in the 
past which show the great value of the 
Guernsey bull in the improvement of the 
scrub cow, and the above is a most em¬ 
phatic one. Aside from the fact of the 
return of a profit, the natural color and 
fine flavor so characteristic of the Guern¬ 
sey product are also prominent in cows 
resulting from this line of breeding. 
Rival Breeds. —I heard a story the 
other day which I never saw in print, 
and as it is rather better than anything 
I have ever read I thought you might 
like to use it. Two prominent breeders 
were extolling the merit of their pet 
breed of cattle when they were' ap¬ 
proached by a city cousin, who said to 
them : “All cows are alike to me. What’s 
the difference between a Jersey and a 
Holstein?” • The Jersey man replied: 
“You take a silver dollar and put it in 
the bottom of a milk pail, then after you 
have milked the cow and can see the dol¬ 
lar through the full pail of milk, you 
will know it is a Holstein you have 
milked.” The Holstein man said: “Take 
that dollar and put it in the bottom of 
another pail and after milking another 
cow, you find just enough milk in tin 1 
pail to cover the dollar you will know 
then, you have milked a Jersey.” 
Rhode Island. o. s. i?.. 
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE 
Half the Cost—with the 
PROFIT FARM BOILER 
With Dumping Caldron. Empties 
its kettle in one minute. The simplest 
and best arrangement for cooking 
food for stock. Also make Dairy and 
Liaundry Stoves, Water and 
Steam Jacket Kettles, Hog 
Scalders, Caldrons.etc. ii^Sand 
for particulars and ask for circular. J 
D. It. Sperry a Co., Batavia. Ill 
“Licks the Bucket Clean 
Blatchford’s Calf Meal 
■ I fT—Females only. Registered stock. 
1"^'" $10 and up, Clark Farm, Boonton, N. J. 
Pfll I IF PI1PQ— Natural drivers. Also English 
UULLIL rUlO Bloodhounds, Nelson’s, Grove City, Pa. 
As good as New Milk at half the Cost. 
fco- ■— .ta % - 
100 pounds makes 100 gallons of Perfect 
Milk Substitute. 
Send for pamphlet, “How to Rxise Calves 
Cheaply and Successfully Without Milk.” 
At your Dealers or 
BLATCHFORD’S CALF MEAL FACTORY 
WAUKEGAN - - - ILLINOIS 
.- /. 
ID O Gr S 
Pure Feeding Molasses 
We are first hands and can quote you absolutely 
bottom prices, delivered your station, in lots of 
anywhere from one barrel to a trainload. 
THE MEADER-ATLAS CO. 
N. Y. Office, 107 Hudson Stroot. New York City 
30-A.I^S.TT CATTLE 
FOR PRODUCTION RLTSi 
calves, only, from producing dams and highest type 
sires. R. F. SHANNON, 603 Renshaw Bldg., Pittsburgh. Pa 
If You Want Guernseys l. , ;;V'S ,1 rh?»™'« 
GUERNSEY BREEDERS’ ASSOCIATION, Box 96, Peekskill.N. Y. 
.i..fTIFPN c !FY 
THE UTILITY COW 
T \ 7"HO makes every pound of feed 
VV into dairy products. Yellow 
milk rich in butter fat. Yellow ream 
and butter. Let us tell you about her. 
GUERNSEY CATTLE CLUB 
BOX Y, PETERBORO, N. H. 
Indian Bridge Farm 
GUERNSEYS 
WAYLAND, MASS. 
FOR SALE! 
Imp. Selenia’s Immigrant, No. 25790. Born 
April 23, 1913. Sire, Governor of the Blicqs, 
2292 E. G. U. B. Dam, Imp. Godolphin Selenia 
No. 4453(1. This calf is wcdl grown, good clear 
nose, a fine individual, and fit to go into any 
herd. For price, address 
Edmund H. Sears, Walter Jauncey, Jr. 
Owner. Supt. 
Holsiein-Friesian Bull Calves F f °o 
offer. THE GATES HOMESTEAD FARM. Chittenanoo. N. Y. 
Hudson Valley Holstein Headquarters 
Registered Thoroughbreds only. 1 hour from New 
York. MOHEGAN FARM. Mohegan Lake, Peekskill, N. Y. 
READY FOR U rt l*f p : n R n ll Ontario Pietje Segis, 
SERVICE noistein Bull No. 112.263. grandson of 
King Segis and Pietje 22d's Woodcrest Lad. Show 
markings ami grand individual. Price. $150. Don't 
buyscrul) stock when you can get breeding like thisattlie 
prico. Send for pedigree, Cioverdale Farm, ( hur-lott*. X. Y. 
THE TOMPKINS CO. BREEDERS’ JOURNAL, with sale list 
1 of pure-bred stock, 25cts per year. Copy free. 
Wo have some very good offers in Holstein and Jer¬ 
sey cattle. German Coach Horses, Shetland Ponies, 
Southdown ewes and Cheshire gilts. A two-year 
Berkshire boar, registered, $25.00. TOMPKINS CO. 
BREE0ERS' ASSOCIATION, Box B, Trumansburg, N. Y 
Buy a Bull on Easy Terms 
Long Time and 4 Per Cent Interest 
Holstein bull calves, sired by a SON OF KING 
OF THE PONTIACS, whose tiam lias a record 
of 29.5/ lbs. butter in 7 days and 113 96 lbs. in SO 
days, i'nd outof A. K, O. DAMS. WRITE AT 
ONOF for breeding, prices, and particulars re¬ 
garding our terms. 
JUSTAMERE FARM, Middletown Springs, Vt. 
Holstein Calves 
The following Heifers for sale at reasonable prices: 
E. T. Born Dam 
770 — April 4, 1913 Pauna 2d, 204306 
771— May 29, 1913 Duchess Kraua, 151197 
772— May 29, 1913 
773— June 28, 1913 Korndyke Pontiac Orna, 151191 
Those are fine, thrifty calves- Come soo them or 
write me. EZRA H0LBERT, Lake, Orange Co., New York 
150 HIGH GRADE 
HOLSTEIN COWS 
Large, fine individuals, nicely marked 
and heavy producers, due to freshen in 
August, September and October. 
F. P. SAUNDERS & SON, Cortland, N. Y. 
EAST RIVER 
GRADE HOLSTEINS 52! 
60 FRESH COWS, good size and well marked and in 
good condition: extra large producers. Come and 
see them milked. 40 COWS due to calf soon. They 
have the size and quality you like. Registered and 
grade Bulls always on hand. Bell Phone—14 F 5 
JOHN B. WEBSTER, Dept. Y, Cortland, N. Y. 
Purebred Registered 
IfSwT’ HOLSTEIN 
Vi Vi- CATTLE 
Large sums are put into land, buildings, 
horses, machinery and labor in order to main¬ 
tain cows that are utterly unable to return a 
profit. 
On a dairy farm the efficiency of the herd 
should be the first consideration. With good 
purebred Ilolsteins you are sure to earn a 
generous profit on any intelligent investment 
of your money, time and labor. 
After the cost of her feed is deducted a good 
Holstein will return a profit of $*>0 to $100 per 
year in addition to a valuable calf. 
Send for FREE-Illustrated Descriptive Booklets 
Holstein-Friesian flsso., p. l. Houghton. Sec’y 
Box 105 Brattleboro, Vt. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply ami a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
S S EEP 
8 REGISTERED 
SHROPSHIRE BRED 
FOR SALE E. E. STEVENS & SON. 
IjWcS Wilson, New York. 
Bargain Sale of Sheep^^Jl^^p^ 
$7 to $15 each. 0. R. HONE, Sharon Springs, New York 
Eureka Stock Farm 
5 Lincoln Buck Lambs, 5 Shropshire Down 
Buck Lambs, ready for service. 50 Registered 
Chester White Pigs. Write for Circular. 
Edward Walter, West Chester, Chester Co., Penna, 
SWINTE 
MULE-FOOT SWIME-^™ •Jj.'-S? 
Reasonable. Bert M. Connell, l.igonier, Iud. 
DUROC-JERSEY Dnarp four months old. $13 50 each. 
(Thoroughbred) °uai 0 Greenfield Farms, Center Square,Pa. 
CHELDON FARM REGISTERED OUUOCS 
** Pigs of both sex. Bred Sons. Service Boars. 
Best of breeding. C. E. BARNES, Oxford, New York 
DUROCS —The Big Deep Fellows 
BARGAINS. Fall pigs at $10 to $15. 
3 extra good aged sows to farrow in Spring. 
SHENANGO RiVER FARMS, Transfer, Pa. 
TAMWORTHSY Pigs cilts a,,d 
* ww I llw boars ready for ser¬ 
vice for sale at reasonable prices. All well bred and 
none bnt good individuals offered for sale 
WESTVIEW STOCK FARM 
0. J. LYBR00K, Mgr. - R. 1. Winston-Salein, N. C. 
0.1. C. Hog g— All ages. They Look, Feed, and 
Ready. 
Breed Bight. Sows Bred, Males 
Address, H. H. JUMP, Munitli, Michigan 
O, X. C. wmtes 
Registered stock of superior quality. All pigs will 
be registered in purchaser's name free. Sows 
only for Spring breeding. Also hanly White Hol¬ 
land Turkeys. WAYSIDE FARM, Chatham, N. J. Address, 
A. L. PAGE, (owner), 62 Cortland! St., New York City 
DI/^C—$5 each. Berkshire-Chester White 
* * w cross. CLARK FARM. Boonton, New Jersey 
, , * w sexes. Good individu¬ 
als and bred equal to the best. Dams and sires are 
great granddaughters and great grandsons of Mas¬ 
terpiece and Premier Longfellow. Foundation stock 
from tho John McLennan herd of Fayettevi.le, N. 
Y. Box It, Department of Animal Hus¬ 
bandry, Syracnse University. Syracuse, New York 
Springbank Berkshire Herd 
BIG lJEKKSHIKKS I have bred more high- 
class hogs than any breeder in Connecticut. Wat¬ 
son's Masterpiece No. 123931 at bead of herd. Noth¬ 
ing for sale bnt March and April pigs at present. 
J. E. WATSON, Prop., Marbledale, Ct. 
Large Berkshires at Highwood 
During each of the last five years we have sold more 
registered Berkshires, and this last year three 
times as many as any other breeder in the United 
States. Oyer one hundred sows, bred ami open, for 
sale. Service boars, pigs all aces Visitors always 
welcome. H. C & H. B. HARPENDING, Dundee. New York 
If you want the best hog 
Write ns. Our farms are devoted exclusively to tie 
production of Berkshires. Breeders in tin- following 
States have been supplied from our great herd: N.Y.; 
Penna,; Dist. Col.; Md.; Va.; N. C.; S. C\; Ga.; La.; 
Ala.; Miss.; Fla.; Tenn.; Ky.; Texas, and Porto Riso. 
Berkshires for foundation and 
show purposes a specialty. 
THE BLUE RIDGE BERKSHIRE FARMS. Asheville, N. C.. 
BERKSHIRES 
We have a nnmber of very fine boar pigs for sale at 
attractive prico*. They are the height of breeding, 
type and quality. It will pay yt u to get our prices 
on these choice pigs hefore you i uy elsewhere. Now 
is the time to put a fine sire nt the head of your 
herd. Prices and descriptions sent upon request. 
TOMPKINS FARM, - Lansdale, Pa. 
Save 
OLLINS’ JERSEY RED 
the best 
15* on Finest Jersey Reds,, 
Write of once tor details if /) 
you expect to buy pigs / 
this year. 
375 lbs. in 
9 months! 
Horses and Mulef 
KENTUCKY JACK AND PERCHERON FARMS-200 head of 
big hone Kentucky Mammoth jacks. Perchorons 
and saddle horses. Special prices in half-car and car 
load lots. Write your wants or visit our farms. 2,500 bush¬ 
els Of bluegrass seed. COOK A UH0n.\, Prupn., Loxlngtou, Ky. 
DEKCHKKON STALI.IONS-Ourhobby isqual- 
■ ity. Come and see them. S. .Seboonumker, Gardiner, N.Y. 
207 Prizes Won 
At the large Eastern State Fairs last Fall tells 
the quality of our drafters. 80 Perchorons, Bel¬ 
gian ami Suffolk stallions and mares priced right. 
Registered Porcheron foals of 1912 and 1913 at 
$200.00 to $500,00 each. For actual photographs 
and interesting information ask for Bulletin II 
ADIRONDACK FARMS, - Glens Falls, N. Y. 
50 STALLIONS 
and MARES, $250 to $1000 each 
Write for my Illustrated 
Circular telling why I can save 
you money on the purchase of a Per- 
cherou or Belgian Stallion or Mare. 
A.W. Green, Middlefield, O. 
R. R. Sta., E. Orwell, on Penna. Ry. 
Midway between Ashtabula ScVVarren 
