02 
THtC RUIX-A-L NfiW-YOKKER 
January 17, 
AGE FOR BREEDING MARE. 
At what age is the best time to com¬ 
mence breeding a young mare? I have 
a half blood Belgian mare three years 
old next May. I wish to raise colts from 
her and work her on the farm. I have 
heard it was not a good plan to breed 
at the age of four. I believe it was 
claimed a mare at that age was more 
likely to lose the colt. Is there anything 
in that? M. E. L. 
Your draft mare if well-grown and of 
good size and weight should preferably 
bo bred during April or May, which will 
result in her foaling when four years old. 
Such an arrangement would not interfere 
with the mare’s usefulness on the farm, 
in fact brood mares produce healthier 
and more active foals if given regular 
work during gestation. There is no 
ground for the suggestion that a mare is 
more apt to abort if she foals at the age 
of four years. No doubt the brood mare 
is well broken, and if not subjected to ex¬ 
tremely difficult work or expected to move 
heavy loads on soft muddy ground, there 
hand give 1% milk in greater quantities 
than either the Guernsey or Jersey breed, 
and are better adapted for pasture for¬ 
aging than stable feeding. 
A number of successful dairymen who 
are producing milk for market have util¬ 
ized a combination of breeds to produce 
the desired quality of milk, and find that 
the Holstein for quantity, and the Guern¬ 
sey for color and quality make a good 
combination in case the milk is mixed, 
for such milk meets all requirements as 
far as solid content is concerned, and 
in addition makes a more pleasing pro¬ 
duct than where the Ilolstein milk is 
marketed by itself. It would seem that 
good advice in this case would be to sug¬ 
gest that the inquirer purchase a bull 
representative of the breed that the great¬ 
est number of cows in his herd resemble, 
prsumably in this case a Ilolstein, and if 
he finds it necessary to increase the 
amount of butterfat and add to the color 
of the milk, it would be advantageous to 
buy additional Guernsey or Jersey cows 
IMPORTED PERCIIERON STALLION IDLEFONSE. 
is no reason why she should not produce 
a strong, vigorous colt. In some in¬ 
stances, where a mare is heavy and well 
grown for her age, some breeders mate 
her so that she will produce a foal dur¬ 
ing the Fall when she is three years of 
age past, but it is much better under 
average conditions to grow the females 
well, and let them foal at the age of four 
years. f. c. mixkler. 
BREED FOR RETAIL MILK. 
I am retailing milk, and have a good 
grade of milk with a good fat per cent. 
My cows are all good grade cows, but 
of different breeds. I have Ilolstein, 
Ayrshire, Guernsey and one Swiss cow, 
and I want to work up to purebreds. I 
am undecided as to which breed to give 
preference in purchasing a registered bull. 
I do not favor any one breed. I have 
seen big records for Ilolstein cows, bigger 
than any other breeds, but would the 
consumer like this milk as well as the 
Ayrshire milk? I keep my cows in 
barn Summer and Winter. Ilolstein be¬ 
ing bigger cows, would they make as 
much profit deducting feed as the Ayr¬ 
shire? Will you advise as to Ilolstein, 
Ayrshire and Guernsey, which to your 
opinion would be most economical and 
most satisfactory? l\ j. c. 
Danielson, Conn. 
The important unit in milk production 
is the persistently high producing individ¬ 
ual cow. "NVe find such representatives 
in all breeds, and it is entirely a matter 
of selecting the individuals rather than 
relying on a breed’s reputation to supply 
animals of the character desired. How¬ 
ever, certain breeds have been developed 
for definite purposes, and it is conceded 
as far as quantity of milk is concerned 
that the Ilolsteins lead; as far as color 
is important, the Guernseys excel; while 
the butterfat can be obtained from repre¬ 
sentatives of the Jersey breed with great 
economy. The Ayrshires on the other 
rather than attempt producing them by 
cross breeding. The proportion of five 
Holstein grades to two Guernsey grades 
makes a nice product. Naturally a dairy¬ 
man does not care to market 5% milk 
when 3% milk would serve the same pur¬ 
pose, for certainly it costs more to pro¬ 
duce milk of a high testing quality than 
milk low in butterfat. The value, there¬ 
fore, of a breed is to select individuals 
that produce the quality of product that 
is desired, and generally speaking se¬ 
lected individuals of the Ilolstein and 
Ayrshire breed would supply the quan¬ 
tity, while representatives of the Guern¬ 
sey or Jersey breed would supply butter¬ 
fat, color or quality at the least expense. 
The important item to remember is 
that each individual in the herd should 
be there for a definite purpose, and that 
of furnishing a reasonable amount of milk 
or butterfat. It is the low-yielding, low- 
testing individual that takes the dollar 
from the dairyman’s pocket, while it is 
the average high yielding individual that 
persistently from year to year milks in 
sufficient quantities to make her profit a 
positive fact rather than an indefinite 
presumption, that leaves the dollar in his 
pocket. The Ilolstein bull might be used 
to freshen the Guernsey cows, but the 
calves should not be raised. This ar¬ 
rangement would mean breeding the 
quantity cows and buying the color speci¬ 
mens. Ayrshires and Jerseys might also 
be used for the same purpose if prefer¬ 
ence suggests this combination. 
F. M. c. 
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