108 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Janu.iry 24, . 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[ Every query must be accompanied by the 
name and address of the writer to insure 
attention. 'Before asking a question, please see 
whether it is not answered in out* advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Put questions on a separate piece of paper.] 
Young Man’s Wages, 
Please state what wages a young man 
of IS expects, to work by month on a 
farm, board and washing included, and if 
he cares to work by month or year. 
Caneadea, N. Y. j. K. 
What is a horse worth? What would 
such a young man earn as a blacksmith 
or barber? It would depend upon his 
skill or experience. Is this man strong 
and big or small and slender? What 
does he know about farming? Can he 
plow and milk and does he know how 
to do all farm work? You see how impos¬ 
sible it is to answer such a question 
without knowing the man. We could 
not settle such a matter as between 
farmer and man. In our country such 
a man would receive all the way from 
$15 to $30 per month, depending on 
what he could do. 
Richmond is good for a nearby market, 
but not for shipping. Both of them sell 
well at the canneries. Schmidt is the 
most profitable of the sweet and hard- 
fleshed varieties. Late Duke and Na¬ 
poleon are also good. All.the sweet va¬ 
rieties should be budded on Mazzard 
stocks, and the sour ones on Mahaleb. 
IT. E. VAN DEMAN. 
Apple Varieties for Michigan. 
I am expecting to plant about 800 
peaches, 200 apples and 100 cherries. 
The land I expect to use is a light sandy 
soil, has been run for several years and 
is exhausted of its humus. It lies on the 
west side of a lake covering about a sec¬ 
tion ; has a very good elevation and is 
well drained. Will the trees above 
named do well on this soil? Will they 
need a fertilizer, and what kind? What 
varieties would you advise, with the idea 
of planting the same number of trees 
each year for the next three years? 
Would you advise using one or two-year- 
old trees, and what size would be best? 
White Pigeon, Mich. E. R. 
It .would seem that the location and 
soil described ought to be suitable for 
growing the fruits named, but as it is in 
a rundown condition it will need to be 
brought up to a productive state. This 
can be done by using stimulating fertil¬ 
izers to grow cow peas, Soy beans, vetch 
and other legumes which will add humus 
and nitrogen to the soil. All the stable 
manure that can be got and applied at a 
low price will pay to use in enriching 
the soil until the soil improving crops 
can be .grown and . worked into it. 
Almost any standard brand of mixed 
fertilizer will serve the purpose of in¬ 
vigorating these crops and the trees as 
well. Only first-class trees of any age 
should be planted. It is not essential 
whether one or two-year-old apple trees 
are bought, but one-year-old peach and 
cherry trees are the best. The varieties . 
that succeed commercially on the best 
paying farms, these may be the best to 
plant, but some of the newer kinds may 
be equally good or better. Northern Spy 
is a standard for that region and al¬ 
though the trees do not bear early, there 
is profit in growing them. Baldwin and 
R. I. Greening are also standards and 
might be included. Among the newer 
kinds McIntosh, Akin and Delicious are 
excellent and I would suggest using ail 
of them in considerable numbers. If the 
filler system is used there should be 
some of the very early bearers planted, 
to be cut out when their space is needed 
Y r ellow Transparent, Oldenburg, Wealthy 
and Wagener are of this class. I would 
not plant peach trees as fillers, because 
of the damage they do to the apple trees 
by robbing them of moisture and fertility 
from their very greedy manner of growth. 
The permanent apple trees should be 50 
feet apart, and the fillers would make the 
complete orchard stand 25x25 feet apart. 
This is about right for peach and cherry 
trees too. The peach trees will not 
really need that much room and they 
might be set as close as IS feet apart. 
Cherry trees live much longer and grow 
to much larger size and will need half 
of them cut out within 15 to 20 years, 
whether they are of the sweet or sour 
class. 
As to the varieties of the peach to 
plant, the Elberta should be included, 
because of its fine market qualities. The 
new J. II. Hale peach is a good one,* as 
I know from careful tests for two years 
past. A variety known in Michigan as 
“Red Chili” is one of the very best of 
the yellow peaches for general use and 
yields well. Smock and Salway are good 
late varieties 
Of cherries the Montmorency is the 
most profitable of all the sour va: ieties 
Onions for Seed. 
Which are the best onions to grow for 
seed, the sets or large onions grown from 
seed, say season of 1913? What is the 
usual method for shelling or thrashing 
the seed and grading? T. s. B. 
Akron, O. 
In the production of seed of any kind, 
if we wish to maintain and improve the 
type, and keep a variety pure, we must 
get seed from the best specimens of the 
plant. Onions are grown for the bulbs, 
and they vary with the shape, color and 
other characteristics of the varieties. 
Ilence to get good and true seed, we 
must take the matured bulbs in order 
to find the typical ones. Sets of some 
kinds of onions might run to seed, but 
sets of other varieties would simply de¬ 
velop a bulb full grown and ripen. The 
time to make the selection of onions for 
seed is at the time of harvesting the crop. 
The pure types of the varieties can then 
be better seen than later. No thick- 
neck bulbs should be used. The bulbs 
may be planted in the Rail in localities 
where the climate is not too severe, and 
the California seed crop is always planted 
in the Fall. For seed production soil 
with an excess of nitrogen from animal 
manures should be avoided, and only com¬ 
mercial fertilizer used, and this mainly 
of phosphates and potash. The select 
bulbs should be set in furrows about 1G 
inches apart, and deep enough to cover 
the top of the bulbs about two inches. 
As the seed stalks develop they should 
have the soil worked to them as a sup¬ 
port, but sometimes twine is stretched 
along the rows attached to short stakes, 
the twine passing on both sides of the 
line of stalks. There will be some in¬ 
equality in the ripening of the heads, and 
they are gathered as (he stalks turn yel¬ 
low. They can be gathered up in cot¬ 
ton sheets to prevent loss, and spread out 
on a tight floor under cover to dry. The 
seed can be flailed out and run through 
a fanning mill to blow out the chaff. To 
secure the best seed only, put them a few 
at a time in a vessel of water, and stir- 
it. and then save only those that sink, 
skimming off all that float, and then 
spreading out the good ones to dry in 
th" shade. Where grown on a large seal 
doubtless more labor-saving implements 
are used, but I have simply told what 
anyone can do on a small scale. Certain 
varieties of onions mature best in cer¬ 
tain climates. The seed of the so-called 
Bermuda onions is all grown on the 
Island of Teneriffe and nowhere else thac 
I know of. The Spanish and Italian 
sorts are either imported or grown in 
California, and the New England varie¬ 
ties in New England, and probably would 
thrive and mature well all along the 
Lake region. w. F hassey. 
Start Your Garden Early 
Don’t lie satisfied with the usual method of out¬ 
door planting. It means a short season and ripe 
produce only when prices are lowest. 
Market gardeners make bigger profits on early 
produce by planting seeds in February in LUTTON 
MINIATURE GLASS GARDENS. 
You, too, can make a handsome return on early 
tomatoes and twenty other varieties of vegetables, 
both in and out of season, if you invest a few dol¬ 
lars and a little effort in LUTTON SASH 
FRAMES now. 
These frames are made in one, two, three and four 
sasli sizes; each sash 3 ft. x 0 ft., single or double 
glazed. Sold with or without sash. Carefully crated 
and shipped ready to use. Write for descriptive 
pamphlet D. Planting instructions furnished free. 
WILLIAM H. LUTTON 
223-5 Kearney Avenue Jersey City, N. J. 
Medium and Mammoth Clover~fATv^ii” y th 
Alfalfa, hardy Northern non-irrigated seed- Ail high 
in germination and parity test s. Prices and samples 
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P OTATOES—beauty, bliss, Bovec, Carman, Giant,Hustler,Ron 
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THE DOUGLAS PEAR ON TRIAL 
The best New Fruit before the public. Introduced* 
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Box B 
Honeoye Falls. New York 
FROM OUR FARMS TO YOURS 
tor the 
is the title of our 1914 catalogne—the most beautiful and complete horticultural publication of 
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?5 & 37 
CORTLANDT ST. 
New York City 
Burning Fruit Trees 
There is a large percentage of every block 
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G. C. STONE, Nurseryman 
DANSVILLE NEW YORK 
Wilsons Seed Annual 
A new book by a seedsman who spent years in 
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3llxWiIscJ%feed Co/Inc 
Box D 
Newark, N. J. 
CLOVER SEED All varieties shipped 
CLICK’S SEED FARMS. 
;ect Freight Prepaid, 
ROUTE IB. LANCASTER. PA. 
WHOLESALE PRICES 
on Strawberry Plants. Many other varieties and garden roots 
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MICHIGAN 
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Guaranteed as good as grows at $1.00 per 
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ALLEN BROTHERS,R. 10,Paw Paw.Mich. 
the n b e w Standpat Everbearing Strawberry 
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C. N.FLANSllUKGH & SOX .Jackson, Mich. 
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Write For ALLEN’S 1914 BERRY BOOK^ 
Every fruit grower, gardener and farmer who reads this paper should get a copy of tins 
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