li2S 
THE RURAL RKW-YORRRR 
January 24, 
Farm Management. 
UNLOADING HAY BY HORSE POWER. 
I Lave a barn in which are two mows 
with a floor or driveway between them. 
I grow from 20 to 30 tons hay, mostly 
clover, in a season. Prime or best hay 
is put in one mow and anything inferior 
in the other, such as is weedy or dam¬ 
aged by rain, etc. I would like to have 
advice from some of your readers on the 
easiest and cheapest plan to get the hay 
into these mows. From floor on which 
wagon stands to the ridge pole or high¬ 
est part of roof the distance is about 33 
feet, and difficult to reach when barn is 
empty, therefore I intend putting in ne¬ 
cessary machinery during this Winter 
when mows are full. Answers to the fol¬ 
lowing questions would, I think, give me 
much information on the matter: Pre¬ 
suming that a carrier be used is a steel 
track preferable to the wooden? Will a 
reversible carrier drop hay in either mow 
as desired? How much time will be 
consumed in changing from one mow to 
the other? Can the change be made with¬ 
out going up to track? What is the best 
kind of fork for use in clover hay? Dou¬ 
ble harpoon is not satisfactory in my ex¬ 
perience. Last season I used two single 
harpoon forks chained together, with bet¬ 
ter results. Is the sling more satisfac¬ 
tory? Could it be used on hay rick 18 
feet in length? In case rick is too long 
for one sling, could not two shorter ones 
be used? Can grain in sheaf, corn fod¬ 
der, etc., be successfully handled with 
sling? Could not gasoline engine be used 
instead of horse power in handling hay? 
If so what machinery would be neces¬ 
sary? J. F. T. 
Pennsylvania. 
R. N.-Y.—We want the experience of 
practical farmers on this. In our own 
barn we use a steel track and find it very 
satisfactory. A reversible carrier takes 
the hay to either side. It requires about 
20 minutes to change from one to another, 
and it is necessary to go up to the track. 
We use a double harpoon, but would like 
a better fork. We have had no exper¬ 
ience with slings and would like to hear 
from farmers who have used them. Sev¬ 
eral cases are reported where gasoline 
engines are used to hoist the hay. In 
these cases the hay fork ropes run on 
the drum of a windlass, which is run 
by the engine, and under control of a 
lever. 
CO-OPERATION IN MANAGEMENT. 
The much talked of question of farm 
labor and the hired man was satisfac¬ 
torily settled by one farmer, by making 
the man in a certain sense a partner in 
the business, with a personal interest in 
the profits from the farm. They carried 
it out in this manner. The man had been 
on the place one year and proved very 
trustworthy and conscientious. When it 
came time for a bargain for the second 
year the owner offered an advance in the 
regular wage, which would have amounted 
to $40 in the year, or a bonus at the end 
of the year of 10% of the profits. The 
man accepted the latter plan, and it has 
worked out to the advantage of the own¬ 
er and also to the advantage of the man. 
The only question was what was to be 
considered expense and what credit on 
the ledger. They worked out the follow¬ 
ing plan : 
Everything sold off the place was a 
credit. Then on the expense account, 
first came all wages for labor (here your 
man sees you get your full work from any 
extra labor hired). Second, all feed that 
was not grown on the place. Third, all 
repairs of tools, horseshoeing, doctoring 
and incidentals to the daily running of 
the farm. Fourth, all stock which will 
be sold that same year. Fifth, pur¬ 
chased stock such as horses or cows that 
will remain on the farm and all imple¬ 
ments which will last more than the one 
year, were charged at one tenth or one- 
fifth- of cost, this amount being ob 
tained by estimating the probable life of 
the animal or tool. There was no credit 
taken by the stuff eaten by the owner’s 
family, nor any interest charged on the 
investment in the place, nor any charge 
made for the owner’s own labor, and if 
some animal was sold at an advance 
price, the profit was credited. The whole 
plan is one that must be worked out to 
fit each and every place, but in this case 
it has worked not only to the benefit of 
the owner and of the man, but to the 
happiness and contentment of both. 
If the man saves money for the owner, 
if by working a little harder or longer he 
can save the extra help on some special 
piece of work, or by extVa care and fore¬ 
sight his tools last longer, it means money 
in his pocket, and anyone gets tired 
working for the other fellow, and en¬ 
thusiasm lags. But if we are working, 
not only knowing that the work is going 
to be appreciated, but that we are go¬ 
ing to receive a substantial reward for 
our effort, any man will work harder and 
longer and sec no inducement to move to 
another place. As one man aptly put it, 
“It is more fun.” s. R. 
Utilizing Peat Spots. 
In answer to .T. F. McO., page 1375, I 
would say that I have had the same ex¬ 
perience with a peat moss swamp, and 
have worked for years to solve the same 
problem, which I at last accomplished. 
This can be accomplished, after well 
draining, by putting on good manure. 
But to lessen expense, I found that hy 
drawing on gravel, two loads to the 
square rod and some manure with it. I 
obtained the same results. The best 
crops to raise first on this reclaimed land 
are onions and potatoes. Later it will 
raise nearly any crop when well subdued 
and enriched. The only enrichment ne¬ 
cessary after well subduing is commer¬ 
cial fertilizer but this will not do on the 
start. I have raised onions on the same 
ground for years in succession with only 
commercial fertilizer to enrich it. 
If a quick method of seeding is desired, 
the land can be first plowed, then burned, 
the fire going only the depth of the fur¬ 
row. Then sow Timothy seed and man¬ 
ure in the ashes and a good seeding is 
obtained. This will make the land some¬ 
what lower and is not advisable if the 
other method can be executed. I have 
also a plot of swamp where I have cut 
(with a specially made shovel) dried in 
the sun and ground peat moss for horse 
bedding. I have sold hundreds of dollars 
worth at $10 a ton. The hole left by 
this also helps to drain the swamp. I 
consider my swamp ground as very val¬ 
uable to me hope J. F. McC. will be 
as successful. H. E. p. 
Broome Co., N. Y. 
It. N.-Y.—A bulletin fi'om the Vermont 
Experiment Station pictures a spade used 
for this purpose and tells how to dry the 
chunks of peat. Slaked lime helps such 
peat soils by breaking them up and start¬ 
ing ferments. They always need potash 
and phosphoric acid as fertilizers. It is 
good farm management to make use of 
these low and peaty spots for manure or 
bedding. 
Piping Water to a Well. 
Concerning the combined well and cis¬ 
tern on page 1342, I have three wells on 
my farm that were dug and stoned up 
many years ago. One is at the house, 
one at the barn and one half way be¬ 
tween. They all come to rock at 10 feet 
and each one is pecked two feet in the 
rock, so each well is 12 feet deep. They 
all have an abundance of water, until we 
have had a long dry time; then they will 
go dry and stay dry long after we have 
had heavy rains. I turned the water 
from the eaves trough of the barn into 
the well there, and had plenty of water 
for my four horses ever since, though the 
other wells gave out long ago. Late in 
the Fall I had one of the other wells 
drilled 15 feet lower, and got an abund¬ 
ance of water, but the well that has not 
had anything done to it is still dry, so 
it may help some to turn the water into 
the well in spite of what your umpire 
thinks of it. M. F. 
On page 1342 “Umpire” seems to be 
up a stump, as to the policy of putting 
surplus water into his well that has 
nearly run dry. About 1870 I dug a well 
in my barnyard for my stock; it went 
down about 20 feet through blue clay, 
then we struck a layer of sand and gravel, 
but no water came up into the well; 
then we dug about six feet further which 
filled promptly. The well was 10 feet 
across at the bottom, this was stoned up, 
but the well could not be depended upon 
in a dry time. Then we put eaves troughs 
onto the barn and ran them into the well, 
and it never absolutely failed after, al¬ 
though it was not sufficient for my full 
stock of cattle, 30 head. I should by all 
means try the extra water. 
UMPIRE NO. II. 
“For the Land’s Sake, use Bowker’s 
Fertilizers; they enrich the earth and 
those who till it.”— Adv. 
Pure Milk Means Concrete 
Dairy Buildings 
Every dairyman who intends to stay in business is rapidly replac¬ 
ing his old wooden buildings with modern structures of concrete. 
Health regulations are very strict; unsanitary cow barns and milk houses are no 
longer tolerated. To furnish certified milk it is necessary to have floors and 
platforms of non-absorbent material, gutters of cement only, inside wall sur¬ 
faces smooth, tight and water shedding, floors clean and water tight. There 
is a way to fulfill all these requirements—build of concrete. Specify 
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