174 
THE RURAL, 
NEW-YORKER 
February 7, 
Whk.; you ’write advertisers mention The 
It. N.-Y. ;l nd you’ll pet a quick reply and a 
"square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
LIVINGSTON'S 
"TRUE BLUE" 
Make better pardens. All aro tostod for 
parity and vitality. Produce tasty veg¬ 
etables and charming flowers. Have 
been giving satisfaction for over 50 
years. Be sure and try our 
5 FINE VEGETABLES fiOc 
One large p icket each of Bean, Beet, 
C r Lettuce, Radish and Tomato— 
. r Yqnt postpaid. All arc heavy yielding 
/ and exceptionally lino in 
Oui* vu»^ Iuai ' ty ' Try tllom ' 
Superb Large Ngfck 
Catalog Free 
Contains 128 pages, 300 pic- 
tu res from photographs. Gives •* 
helpful cultural directions and 
offers strictly .high-grade scuds at 
fair prices. 
rite for your free copy today. 
THE LIVINGSTON SEED C0. f 
124Si,. Columbus. Ohio 
LET WILSON HELP YOU 
MAKE YOUR GARDEN 
Write today for my seed book, tell me about 
your garden and let me help plan it. I have 
sold seeds for years, and I know the kinds 
that dig up the dollars for gardeners every¬ 
where. Every one of my seeds was grown 
in 1013, and are varieties that will give 
crisp vegetables for market or table, or 
fragrant flowers for cutting. Get the 
seed annual anyway—you will like it; 
it contains matter that will help you 
to have a better garden. Sent free. 
WILSON SEED CO., he.. Bo: D, NEWARK, N- J. 
BLUE ENSILAGE CORN 
Grows mammoth stalks with big oars and full 
of lea es. Its early maturity always insures a 
full empof idea! forage before frost. A very vig¬ 
orous sort, often growing 14 to 16 feet tall. Our 
extra selected seed gives highest satisfaction. 
GREAT DANE OATS 
A heavy yielder of highest qnality. Perries 
eolden yellow, with thin hulls and heavy meat. 
Write lor FREE Circular 
Let us tell you more about O. & M pedigreed 
farm seeds. Shows through pictures what 
results others score with them. Send a postcard 
request Today. 
OATMAN & MONFORT, Box 114, CLEVELAND, OHIO 
J OHNSON’S 
and PROVEN SEEDS 
Stand for Purity and Quality. 
The result of 41 years' expe¬ 
rience. Our Garden and Farm 
Manual for 1914 mailed free 
to seed buyers who write for it. 
JOHNSON SEED COMPANY 
217 Market Street Phiiudelphia, Ps. 
SEEDS 
“AS SURE AS SUNSHINE* 
Market Gardeners Specialties 
Send at once for catalogue 
O H. DICKINSON 
243 Worthington SL, Springfield, Macs. 
450,000 
TREES 
COO varieties. Also Crapes, Sm.'iII Fruits, ete. Best rooted 
stock, (ieiniino, cheap. V. sample currants—10c. Desc. 
price list free. LEWIS ROESCH, Hex li, Kredonin. R. 
You can have beau- * 11 
tiiul roses on a small space j 
7 if selected from our stock of 
The Best Loee* for America. 
fY Write today for Star Rose Catalog, exp 
Free. It has complete cultural directions." 
Illustrates and describes 360 Best Varieties ’ 
of Hoses selected from France, England, Ire¬ 
land and America. 50 Years' Experience, t 
The Conard & Jones Co. 
Box-t West Grove, Pa.^ 
Rose Specialists*^ 
Hill’s Evergreens Grow 
Best for windbreaks. Protect crops and stock. 
I Keep house and barn warmer—save fuel—save 
I feed. 11 .il*s evergreens are hardy, nursery- 
I grown—low priced. Get 11 ill’s free illustrated 
I evergreen book and list oi Great bargain Of- 
[fers—from $4.50 up per Thousand. 56 years 
I experience. World’s largest growers. Write. 
J II. HILL MltSKRY < O., Inc. K'l^recn 
1212 CVdarSt., Dundee, Ills. Specmliflto. 
LAKESHORE GRO] 
Rugged Healthy 
Fully Guaranteed 
WHOLESALE PRICES 
FREIGHT PAID 
Writ© for catalog 
Lakeshore Nurseries 
Box 110 GIRARD, PENNA. 
S 
3 
(>■ 
O 
<•>. 
5- 
APPLE 
yr. lOO 
- ! ft. #5.00 
-7 ft. 12.50 
PEACH 
yr. roots 
If-. Ijji3,i5 
6 ft. 8.7 5 
Stumpp & Walter Co/s 
SELECTED STRAINS 
ONION SEED 
Our Onion Seed is grown from selected 
bulbs of the very finest strains and can be 
depended upon for vitality and trueness of 
type- ONION SEED 
S &W. Co.’s Oz. % Lb. Lb. 
White Globe.. 20c 60c $2.00 
Yellow Globe. 15c 40c 1.30 
Red Globe. 15c 40c 1.30 
Prizetaker. 10c 30c 1.10 
White Portugal . 15c 45c 1.50 
Ohio Yellow Globe . 15c 40c 1.20 
Red Wethersfield . 10c 25c .90 
Our new 1914 Seed Catalogue, 128 pages 
devoted to everything for the Farm, Gar¬ 
den, Lawn, mailed upon request. 
Write for it today — it‘s free. 
30-32 Barclay Street 
New York 
WOOD’S FAMOUS 
Brimmer 
Tomato. 
T. W. WOOD O SONS. 
Seedsmen, - Richmond, Va. 
The Peer of all tomatoes for 
large, uniform size and superior 
table qualities. Market growers 
sell it at more than double the 
price of ordinary tomatoes. 
Wood’s 1914 Descriptive Catalog 
gives reports from customers, 
showing large profits from grow¬ 
ing this variety. Wood’s Cata¬ 
log also tells about all the best 
Farm and 
Garden Seeds. 
It is tbe thirty-fif tb year of its issue 
and is more valuable than ever. 
Mailed free. Write for it. 
you will want in your garden ar« 
there also. 
Cultural instructions for growing 
everything worth growing, by well known 
experts, will make gardening easy even foi 
the novice. 
Over a thousand photographic illustrations 
and 10 color and duotone plates. 
Malted free to any one mentioning this 
publication. 
Drccr’s Orchid-Flowered Sweet Peas, 
with immense wavy flowers in sprays 
of 3 and 4 blossoms each. Just as easy 
to grow as the common sorts. Our mix¬ 
ture contains a full range of colors. 10c. 
per pkt.—20c. per oz.—60c. per 1-4 lb. 
Carden Book free with each order. 
Henrya.dreer 
714 Chestnut St.Phila. 
PEACH TREES 
500,000 FeaehcH, 5 to C feet. Be ; 4 to 5 feet, 7c: 3 to 
feet, 5c; 2 toStoet, 4c. 206,000 Apples, 50,000 Pears, 50,00 
Plums, 100,000 Cherry, and millions of Grapes, Roses am 
ornamentals. Small Fruits. Secure varieties now, pin 
n - *" Nirbilt. Buy from the man who has the goods am 
cne rcuc save disappointment. Catalogue PRISE to everybody. 
SHLL.kIN S WHOLESALE NURSERIES, 48 Seward Street, Dansville, N. Y. 
NEW YORK STATE NEWS. 
“Woodlet Forestry.” —Everyman who 
owns a farm in New York State .should 
send for a copy of Bulletin 9, “Woodlot 
Forestry,” Conservation Commission. Al¬ 
bany. N. Y. It is a manual of forestry 
for use on farms and country estates. 
It points out the importance and value 
of our wooded areas, stimulates the own¬ 
ers to the practice of forestry in their 
woodlots. and points out the principles 
and methods of correct forest practice. 
There are over 7,500,000 acres in forest 
regions in this State and over 20 per 
cent of the farm area is in woodlots. 
The total woodland area in the State is 
about 12,000.000 acres or about 27 per 
cent of the total land area. It has been 
found that practically one third of the 
farm lands of the State go without im¬ 
provement. 
Bi-partisan Highway Board. —A bill 
lias been introduced in the Senate to re¬ 
store the Hughes system of a bi-partisan 
highway commission. It is proposed to 
have the law go into effect in January 
1915, and it calls for a considerable re¬ 
duction in salaries from what such com¬ 
missioners now receive. The chairman 
will get $6,000; the commissioners, $5.- 
000; the deputies and secretary, $3,500, 
and traveling expenses; and the division 
engineers. $3,000. 
Suggestion For Co-operation. —At 
the State Grange meeting this week a 
proposition is to be made by delegates 
from Long Island to establish a bureau 
of information and markets in all coun¬ 
ties of the State where possible, similar 
to that proposed at the last meeting of 
the Suffolk County Grange. W. P. Hart¬ 
man of Medford is in charge of the Suf¬ 
folk County bureau. The subordinate 
Granges are to establish sub-bureaus and 
thus keep in touch with the county bu¬ 
reau. 
Physical Examination of Dairy 
Cattle. —There is possibility of some 
legislation this Winter for the physical 
inspection of all dairy cattle along the 
lines favored by the Holstein-Friesian 
people at their meeting in Syracuse. The 
proposed bill has been under discussion 
at a conference with Gov. Glynn, 
and be expressed himself ns being in 
favor of such legislation. The radical 
feature of the measure is that a physi¬ 
cal examination is required for all dairy 
cattle, not only for tuberculosis but for 
other diseases, and certificates of health 
must be secured or the animals con¬ 
demned. It was stated at the confer¬ 
ence that thousands of head of cattle 
in the State were afflicted with tubercu¬ 
losis and that there is practically no 
means of suppressing the disease. The 
proposed law provides a definite and ef¬ 
fective means, it is said, for the eradica¬ 
tion of the disease. 
State Tax Conference. —The third 
annual session of the State tax confer¬ 
ence was held recently in Syracuse. 
Some new tax bills will be placed before 
the legislature this Winter. The sug¬ 
gested changes have to do with the as¬ 
sessment of corporation property by a 
central body, with the granting of super¬ 
visory powers to the State board of tax 
commissioners, and with the simplifica¬ 
tion of forms of local assessment rolls. 
The Syracuse conference recommended 
the following changes in the tax laws. 
Assessment of corporation property at 
its situs. 
Taxation of tangible personal property 
in the district in which it is located. 
Unification of assessment and collec¬ 
tion of taxes in towns. 
All corporation real estate to be as¬ 
sessed by the State tax commission in¬ 
stead of by the local assessors. 
Each special class of corporations to 
be taxed only by some special and uni¬ 
form rule'. 
Additional powers for the State tax 
commission to make and enforce rules 
for local assessors and to order re-assess¬ 
ments. 
State tax commission to provide the 
form of assessment oath. 
Barge Canal Suits. —There are now 
claims against the State, growing out of 
the barge canal construction, amount¬ 
ing to $64,000,000, and in addition there 
are several important cases in the courts. 
The board of claims disposed of 4S2 
cases hist year and 278 were dismissed. 
About 1.133 cases are still pending. 
There are 1,993 claims for permanent ap¬ 
propriation of land amounting to $31.- 
258,063. Awards have been made in 050 
claims of this kind and 190 have been 
dismissed. Nearly 80 claims involving 
water power have been filed which 
amount to $28,518,730.14. 
Farm-bred Horses. —Some of the 
farmers who attended a farmers’ In¬ 
stitute at Heuvelton, St. Lawrence 
County, are working to encourage 
the breeding and exhibition of draft and 
general purpose horses. They have ad¬ 
dressed a series of resolutions to the 
agricultural society of the county asking 
that they devote one day of the annual 
fair to the exhibition of farm-bred horses. 
They feel that the farmers of the county 
are entitled to receive some of the money 
offered in premiums for horses but more 
than that they believe it will encourge 
the breeding of more horses for farm use. 
Grange Insurance Profitable. —The 
Grange fire insurance company which 
covers the counties of Jefferson and 
Lewis is making a fine record for itself 
and its patrons. The amount of insur¬ 
ance in force Jan. 1. of this year was 
$16,066,157 in 7.255 policies. The cost 
for losses and expenses last year was only 
$1.47 per $1,000 of insurance. This is 
a saving of $3.53 per $1,000 as compared 
with the rates of old line companies or 
a total for the year to members of the 
association of $58,831.53. The savings 
to members for the past 20 years hns 
been $668,360, or an annual average sav¬ 
ing of $33,418. j. w. D. 
THE OHIO HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Part II. 
Have we a practical apple grader or 
sizer? From all the facts presented by 
papers, brought out in discussion and 
shown by machines actually at work, the 
answer for the apple is that we have not. 
Oranges and peaches are graded satis¬ 
factorily by machines. Apples of the 
right shape may be graded, but when it 
comes to flat apples, or those whose stem 
diameter is greater than the cross diame¬ 
ter, there appears to be an unsolved dif¬ 
ficulty. It would appear from the best 
data presented at the meeting and apple 
show that a combination cleaner and 
grader of Western make is the best now 
on the market, taking into account speed, 
accuracy and minimum injury. The 
interest evinced in this subject shows 
that it is one of the most important now 
before the commercial farmer. Not only 
as a matter of economy, but as a sure 
means of securing an honest pack, the 
machine grader is a necessity. The topic 
of thc^“Transplanting and Cnre of Young 
Trees” was opened by Prof. V. H. Davis. 
He criticized the haste shown by many 
planting trees on poorly prepared land. 
A year or two spent in preparation was 
not lost time. One or two-year-old trees 
were usually better than older ones, be¬ 
cause tbe roots were less injured. The 
operation of planting is greatly facil¬ 
itated and the work better done by set¬ 
ting the trees in furrows that have been 
well opened by the plow. In heavy soils 
this secures much better drainage than 
where the holes are dug for each tree. 
Digging holes by dynamite is too ex¬ 
pensive, except in rocky ground. Dyna¬ 
miting heavy or impervious soil is a poor 
substitute for drainage. Mulching trees 
after planting is the best kind of in¬ 
surance against lack of moisture, and in 
case of too much rain against lack of soil 
aeration. 
The old question of fire blight or pear 
blight was recalled by Mr. E. L. Nixon 
of the Ohio Experiment Station. lie 
made some careful tests to demonstrate 
whether the removal and destruction of 
blighted twigs was practical. The con¬ 
clusions were that it is not. Blight 
germs giving pure cultures were found 
from six to 10 inches below the cuts that 
had apparently removed all of the blight. 
Trees carefully pruned of all blight 
showed later infections as much as those 
unpruned. The fact brought out seemed 
to indicate that we really know very lit¬ 
tle more about fire blight than we did a 
third of a century ago. About that time 
Mr. Burrill of Illinois discovered the 
cause, and isolated the bacterium that 
causes the disease. Soon after Dr. J. C. 
Arthur made a most exhaustive study of 
the subject, and but little that is really 
new has developed since. Two things 
are established beyond question, viz., 1. 
We 1 (now that the blight rages worse in 
some seasons than it does in others. 2. 
We know that some varieties of the pear 
and apple are more susceptible than 
others. Many believe that as too vigor¬ 
ous growth is one of the predisposing 
causes, it is asserted unhesitatingly that 
trees in sod blight less than trees in 
tilth. This does not appear to be fully 
demonstrated. A test made on the 
grounds of the Ohio State University 
and extending over many years showed 
practically no difference whether the trees 
were in sod or under cultivation. 
“Fillers in the Orchard,” was treated 
in a very interesting way by W. N. 
Scarff of New Carlisle. lie described 
various garden fillers, small fruit, small 
tree, and farm crop fillers. lie cited 
his own experience in one hundred acres 
or more of various large fruits. By a 
careful use of “fillers” he had been able 
to meet all the expense of the mainten¬ 
ance of his orchards and did this with 
no detriment to the orchard trees. lie 
thought his trees were better because he 
was careful to keep tbe whole soil in 
such a condition that these filler crops 
would pay. 
The cultivation of the cherry lias at¬ 
tained large proportions in Sandusky Co., 
(). Col. E. Hutchinson of Clyde dis¬ 
cussed some of the more important points 
in the cherry culture of that region. The 
largest single grower is A. C. Pickett, 
who has an orchard of something over 
75 acres. Only three varieties are 
grown commercially, Dyehouse, Early 
Richmond and Montmorency. Although 
the May frost did great damage. Mr. 
Pickett harvested something over 99 tons 
of cherries. These were all sold to a 
canning factory. Questions brought out 
the fact that there was no difficulty in 
securing pickers from the locality, and a 
more or less expected difficulty had not 
arisen. Mr. Hutchinson is trying the 
experiment of planting cherry trees on 
a hilly sheep pasture, and continuously 
using it as a pasture. lie lias to meet 
some difficulties, and is by no means sure 
how the plan will work. Every tree has 
to be guarded from too close an ac¬ 
quaintance of the sheep while they are 
young, and trained too high for easy care 
and picking of fruit when they are'older. 
It is an interesting experiment. 
WILLIAM It. LAZEXBY. 
