224 
r M R RURAIv NEW-YORKER 
February ><, 
injured Maple. 
We have a nice maple tree in front of 
our house about 19 inches at butt. It 
is cracked or chocked from base to first 
limb, which is about 12 feet and on the 
opposite side from top of trunk down 
nearly to bottom. Will you let us know 
what we can do to save tree, and what 
is the cause? A. s. 
Oswego, N. Y. 
It is not always possible to tell the ex¬ 
act cause of such injuries, but it is ex¬ 
tremely probable that in this case it was 
caused by hard freezing and sudden thaw¬ 
ing of the wood. Maples and other sap- 
producing trees are often injured in this 
manner, especially in latter part of Win¬ 
ter. I have seen good-sized trees split 
to the heart from this cause, and remem¬ 
ber in my boyhood in the mountains of 
Western Pennsylvania when the Winter 
used to be of long duration and contin¬ 
uously severe, from November to March, 
that when a sudden warm spell came on 
while the trunks of the forest trees were 
full of frost, the sudden thawing would 
cause many of them to split with a re¬ 
port that often could be heard for a half 
mile. If the bark is dead near the edges 
of the cracks, it should be removed back 
to the live bark, cutting away every sign 
of decay, and all decayed wood, if any, 
should also be removed with a gouge and 
mallet, and all cavities filled to prevent 
the entering of moisture and insects. A 
three to one sand cement is mostly used 
for this purpose, but I prefer the follow¬ 
ing : Take coal tar and thoroughly mix 
with it by stirring about three or four 
times its weight of powdered slate, known 
as slate flour. This mixture is also 
known as plastic slate, and is used for 
roofing purposes. It is easily applied 
with a small trowel, and though it hard¬ 
ens on the surface it will remain soft 
and elastic underneath. The heat of the 
sun will not molt it. Nor do the cold¬ 
est days of Winter cause it to crack, 
neither does it peel off. After the cavi¬ 
ties have been neatly filled with the plas¬ 
tic slate, paint over with coal tar or 
asphalt all the surface from which the 
bark has been removed. k. 
Is the Manure Sour? 
My hog pen is on a slope; in the lower 
corner I scraped out a small reservoir 
two years ago. It has washed full of 
manure and decaying corn cobs, but is 
very sour. I wish to use the manure. 
The It. N.-Y.’s theory would be to pile 
with lime or ashes and let rot awhile. 
Would it not be just as well to spread 
on ground and then spread ashes or 
lime on top of manure before plowing? 
Jonesboro, Ark. e. w. c. 
Are you sure this manure is sour? We 
should be inclined to doubt it without a 
test. We should get little strips of blue 
litmus paper, take fair samples of this 
decayed manure, and put the litmus paper 
down into it. If it turned red or pink 
it is sour, and needs lime. We believe, 
however, that this is not as sour as you 
think. Your plan of hauling the manure, 
spreading on top of the ground, and then 
putting lime or wood ashes over, it be¬ 
fore plowing, is not a wise one. If you 
do this the lime or ashes will cause more 
or less of the ammonia to be set free in 
the form of gas, and on top of the ground 
this will be lost. If, however, you spread 
the manure, and plow it under, then 
spread the ashes or lime and harrow in. 
you will Jiave the effect ot breaking up 
the organic matter under ground. The 
ammonia thus set free will be held in 
the soil and not lost. 
Growing Budding Stocks. 
Tell us how to grow budding or graft¬ 
ing stocks of fruit trees from the seeds. 
J. L. 
Apple, pear and quince are grown from 
stratified seeds sown in early Spring. 
Seeds of these fruits should be placed in 
flat boxes about four inches deep, with 
an equal bulk of fine soil or sand well 
mixed together as soon as ripe, or gath¬ 
ered, and the boxes buried in the ground 
12 to 18 inches deep, where drainage is 
good, to preserve moisture. The boxes 
are to remain so buried until Spring, 
when the seed must be sown in the seed 
bed as early as possible, in rows 12 inches 
apart, and about one inch apart in the 
row. Good cultivation should be given 
the young seedlings from the start. The 
following Spring the seedlings are lifted, 
graded, and planted in nursery rows 3% 
or four feet apart, and six to .eight inches, 
apart in the row, each grade being plant¬ 
ed together. Give good clean cultivation 
and quite all will be large enough to 
bud by latter part of July or first week 
in August. 
Stone fruits, the seeds of peach and 
plum, should be buries in bulk in the 
ground where drainage is good, in the 
Fall. Mix soil through them to main¬ 
tain even moisture, cover six or eight 
inches deep. The following Spring, as 
soon as the seeds begin to sprout, dig 
them out and plant in nursery rows oVj 
feet apart, and four to six inches apart 
in the row. After the young seedlings 
attain a height of three or four inches 
cultivation should begin and be main¬ 
tained until the budding season comes on. 
when cultivation may be discontinued 
for the season, but keop all strong grow¬ 
ing weeds pulled out at all times. Bud¬ 
ding may begin in July and be continued 
until September if necessary. Any seed 
the frost and moisture failed to open, 
may be carefully cracked with a hammer 
and planted with the sprouted ones in 
the nursery row. k. 
Soil for Baldwin Apple. 
Does the Baldwin apple do well on 
heavy soil? s. n. 
Oak Hill, N. Y. 
By nature the Baldwin does best on 
the lighter type of soils. On the heavier 
soils it makes too much wood growth, 
matures later and usually gives a lighter 
colored fruit. 
Lime on Alfalfa. 
I have one acre of Alfalfa, which 
looks well. Would it be good if I put 
some lime over it now, with well-rotted 
manure? f. k. 
You would not obtain full value of 
the lime by spreading it on top of the 
Alfalfa. Lime ought to be worked into 
the soil at seeding time. This lime would 
help somewhat, but this is not the best 
way to use it. 
Oats on Millet Sod. 
The middle of July I turned over one 
acre of Timothy sod, which had been 
seeded three years. I fitted well and put- 
on COO pounds of fertilizer sown broad¬ 
cast, seeded it to millet, but owing to 
the drought did not get millet over three 
inches high at frost. Could I, next 
Spring, sow this piece to oats for fodder 
without any more fertilizing? Soil is light 
sandy loam. b. p. h. 
Yes. This soil should now be strong 
enough to produce a good crop of fodder. 
We should seed Canada field peas with 
the oats for fodder. This combination 
will make stronger feed and more of it 
than oats alone. 
Worn-Out Battery. —On page 107 I. 
A. B. asks, “Will you tell me what is 
used and in what proportions in a dry 
battery to make it react?” Whenever I 
had a worn-out dry battery, I dug the 
filling out. about half way down and filled 
it up with common table salt, and then 
poured enough water on to cover the salt. 
In this way the battery will last just as 
long again. When the water evaporates 
put more on. Keep the salt covered with 
water. h. v. 
Hillsdale, N. J. 
The Professor's Wife (to the pro¬ 
fessor, who has just come in from a 
walk) : “What have you done with your 
umbrella and Fido?” The Professor 
(trying to remember) : “What—h’m— 
wait a minute—oh yes, precisely. You 
see, my hat blew off, and I didn’t want to 
have the poor little beast run with me 
after it, so I stuck the umbrella in the 
ground somewhere and tied Fido to it I 
suppose they are still there.”—Credit 
Lost. 
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HREE hundred bushels per acre is 
not an unusual yield by any means, 
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*JIf you were planning to raise 300 
bushels of potatoes to the acre how 
far apart would you space your rows? 
How far apart would you drop the seed pieces in 
the row? 
tJHow much fertilizer would you use to grow 300 
bushels of potatoes per acre ? How would you 
apply it? 
^JAre you sure that your seed potatoes are true to 
name and true to type? 
C][What are you doing to prevent “ scab ” and early 
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The Coe-Mortimer Company 
51 CHAMBERS STREET, NEW YORK CITY 
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ONIONS YIELD 
875 BUSHELS 
PER ACRE 
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Packed in 100-lb. Hags. Also shipped in Bulk, 
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Stewartsville, N. J. 
Lime, Legumes 
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Plant Diseases, Mnssee. 1.60 
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THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.’ . 
333 WEST 30th ST., NEW YORK. 
