1914 . 
THE R.TJ RAL NEW-YORKEK 
337 
Ruralisms 
THE SHALLOT. 
I was interested in your reply to the 
query regarding the shallot, on page 75. 
In English and European gardens, small 
holdings, and allotments, the shallot is 
one of the crops that is never absent. 
The bulbs are so easy to manage; indeed 
it might be said with truth that they 
manage themselves. The ground is 
merely well dug and then somewhat 
firmed, and the little offsets or bulbils 
are pressed with the fingers into the sur¬ 
face of the soil to half their depth. This 
operation is done in the southern half of 
England in January, for the Winter there 
is rarely so severe that outdoor opera¬ 
tions are altogether stopped even then. 
In any case the planting is done at the 
earliest opportunity after the second or 
third week in January. Ten or twelve 
degrees of frost (20 to 22 deg. above 
zero) will not injure them. In the At¬ 
lantic States the end of March would 
possibly be early enough to plant them, 
and they would mature faster than in 
England. July is the month for harvest¬ 
ing, by which time the one original bulb 
will have developed half a dozen others 
around it in a cluster. Quite a large 
crop can thus be got off a tiny plot of 
ground, as the rows are only one foot 
apart, and the bulbils 6 inches apart in 
the row. When nearly ripe they are 
lifted and spread on the soil to dry and 
are then roped or stored in a cool dry 
loft or cellar until wanted. Being no 
larger than walnuts, they are suitable for 
pickling or for flavoring. The common 
shallot and the Russian or Large Red 
are the sorts chiefly grown. 
LOXG ISLANDER. 
APPLES ON LONG ISLAND. 
I was much interested in what you 
had to say of apple growing on Long 
Island. Having been judging fruit on 
Long Island, at Mineola, for over 25 
years, and at Riverhead for 15 years, I 
can fully agree with you that Long Isl¬ 
and can and does grow the best of ap¬ 
ples and peaches. The improvement of 
the apples has been very marked in the 
last four or five years and new exhibitors 
like Peter E. Nostrand have come in. 
Ilis exhibits have been of the highest 
standard. They show at their best at the 
Mineola Fair, where they are entered as 
a collection. At Riverhead there are no 
collections shown, but single plates. Ilis 
situation is peculiar, at the extreme end 
of the island, surrounded so by water’, 
it may be said that it is not a fair ex¬ 
pression of what Long Island can do. 
I would call your attention to an or¬ 
chard near Roslyn, L. I., set some 12 
years ago. This is owned by a daughter 
of the late Samuel Taber, and has been 
under her sole direction. I was asked by 
her to select trees to plant a certain 
space. This at 40 feet each way took 
84 trees. They were to be selected not as 
a commercial plant, but for private use, 
early to latest. There were 24 varieties, 
as my judgment as to the quality, etc., 
dictated. I thought no more of trees for 
several years. The next I heard, the 
owner came to me at the Mineola Fair, in 
great spirits, saying that she had taken sec¬ 
ond prize in 20 varieties, first for best 10, 
first for best five varieties, first for each 
single plate variety exhibited—a pretty 
good show for a beginner. 
“Now I want thee to come see the 
trees that thee got for me.” I could not 
resist. I found the finest 12-year orchard 
it has been my privilege to visit. The 
lady said: "I have had the whole direct¬ 
ing of them, from the planting. The first 
seven years they were tilled and well 
fertilized, then the grass was allowed to 
grow and all cut and used as mulch, none 
removed. The trees had been trained 
low. I could sit on a milking stool and 
pick a bushel of as fine Fall Pippins as 
is seldom seen these days, so with all. A 
six-foot step-ladder would reach the high¬ 
est.” This is near the center of the isl¬ 
and, and there are hundreds of acres 
which with the same care will do as 
well. The scale seems to have met an 
enemy that has made it easy to control. 
The west end of the island has been so 
demoralized by the high cost of land that 
people have sold, and it is in the hands 
of speculators. Suffolk County has a 
great future in fruit growing if they will 
follow the example of Mr. Nostrand, or 
F. A. Sirrine, who has done fine mission¬ 
ary work there. May they be followed 
by others! N. H. 
Azaleas from Seed. 
I would like to raise Azaleas from seed. 
Will you advise what is the best method 
to follow in the glass-house and then in 
the open when the seedlings are trans¬ 
planted? I have reference to the Azalea 
mollis, which is considered fairly hardy, 
and choice varieties of A. Indica. L. K. 
Stamford, Conn. 
The hardy Azaleas are usually in¬ 
creased by seed sown as soon as ripe, or 
in early Spring, in boxes placed in green¬ 
house or frame. The soil is sandy peat; 
the seeds are scattered on the surface, 
and a little soil sifted over them, then 
well-watered. Seed may also be sown in 
live sphagnum moss where it germinates 
promptly, but the seedlings must be 
moved as soon as they can be handled. 
As soon as the little plants appear, they 
need plenty of air, and a daily syringing. 
In Fall they are transplanted into boxes 
or frames, the proper soil being sandy 
peat. The second year, in Spring, they 
are planted out in well-prepared beds, 
with space for two years’ growth; long 
and ungainly shoots should be pinched 
back to form a compact plant. The ten¬ 
der Indian Azaleas are rarely grown from 
seed, the usual practice being to propa¬ 
gate from cuttings of half-ripened wood 
taken in August, and placed in sand with 
gentle bottom heat. Seed may be treat¬ 
ed, however, like that of the hardy sorts, 
only of course the young seedlings would 
be given greenhouse treatment, instead of 
being planted out in beds. 
Tariff on Gladiolus. 
Will you let me know what the rate 
of duty "on Gladiolus bulbs is under the 
new tariff schedule, also the .rate on 
Gladiolus bulblets? E. P. w. 
Ohio. 
Here are the sections of the new tariff 
bill which relate to flowers and nursery 
stock : 
215. Orchids, palms, Azalea indica, 
and cut flowers, preserved or fresh. 25 
per centum ad valorem; lily of the val¬ 
ley pips, tulips, narcissus, begonia, and 
gloxinia bulbs, $1 per thousand ; hyacinth 
bulbs, astilbe. dielytra, and lily of the 
valley clumps, $2.50 per thousand^ lily 
bulbs and calla bulbs or conns, $5 per 
thousand: herbaceous peony. Iris Ivaein- 
pferi or Germanica, canna. dahlia, and 
amaryllis bulbs. $10 per thousand; all 
other bulbs, roots, root stocks, conns and 
tubers which are cultivated for their 
flowers, or foliage, 50 cents per thou¬ 
sand : Provided that all mature mother 
flowering bulbs imported exclusively for 
propagating purposes shall be admitted 
free of duty. 
216. Stocks, cuttings, or seedlings of 
My robalan plum, Mahaleb or Mazzard 
cherry, Manetti, multiflora and briar 
rose, Rosa rugosa three years old or less, 
$1 per thousand plants; stocks, cut¬ 
tings, or seedlings of pear, apple, quince, 
and the Saint Julien plum, three years 
old or less, $1 per thousand plants; rose 
plants, budded, grafted, or grown on their 
own roots, 4 cents each; stocks, cuttings 
and seedlings of all fruit and ornamental 
trees, deciduous and evergreen shrubs 
and vines and all trees, shrubs, plants 
and vines commonly known as nursery or 
greenhouse stock, not specially provided 
for in this section, 15 per centum ad 
valorem. 
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