1014. 
L'4^ 
T.'1-1 IS HfUKA-L, NEW-YORKER 
The Henyard. 
A Discussion of Line Breeding. 
There seems to be some difference of 
opinion as to what constitutes line breed¬ 
ing. I find that even those who stand 
high in live stock and agricultural cir¬ 
cles differ in defining me terms. Going 
back about 30 years the term line-breed¬ 
ing, as used in this country, meant the 
production of animals strong in a cer¬ 
tain line of inheritance, i. e., strong in 
the blood of some particular animal. 
It is a form of inbreeding. Once started 
it must be inbreeding. But it is so be¬ 
cause of some definite aim. Line-breed¬ 
ing is practiced to perpetuate the blood 
and characteristics of some special in¬ 
dividual of a breed or strain. Inbreeding 
is simply the mating of animals closely 
related. Line-breeding, after the first 
mating, is that kind of inbreeding that 
breeds an animal strong in the blood of 
an individual to another animal strong in 
the same blood. It may refer to the blood 
of a sire or tbe blood of a dam, but once 
it is started both sides of the mating 
must represent the blood of the individual 
to which we are line-breeding. To illus¬ 
trate: I had a colt that I called “Big 
Ben.” When he matured he suited me 
so well that I wanted more like him. 
(ADAPTED FROM EELCN ) 
MALE ((MALE 
A B 
met with popular favor, though some 
years ago two-story henhouses were not 
uncommon. As we do not know of any 
poultry plants using such buildings to¬ 
day, we conclude that some serious ob¬ 
jection must have developed to them in 
actual practice, even though in theory 
they would seem to be economical. If 
you can arrange your barn so as to give 
the hens on the upper floor access to the 
ground, it should bo an inexpensive mat¬ 
ter to fit up that floor for the use of the 
hens. It should have windows and open- 
front ventilation such as one-story build¬ 
ings require, and it may be worth your 
while to make the experiment; should 
it prove unsatisfactory your outlay upon 
it will have been small at any rate. The 
same precautions should be taken to make 
the building windtight upon all sides ex¬ 
cept the one facing the south or south¬ 
east as are required in one-story houses, 
and all interior fittings and arrangements 
may be tbe same A sloping runway will 
probably be required to induce the hens 
to go from the ground to their sleeping 
and laying quarters. 
From him I got a fine mare colt. When 
she matured I bred her back to her sire. 
This was inbreeding and also line-breed¬ 
ing. It was the second step of line¬ 
breeding in the male line. From that 
time on every horse or mare of that breed 
that I bred was selected with reference to 
the blood of “Big Ben.” Both sire and 
dam must have some of the blood of that 
horse. Had I reversed the process and 
kept in mind and in line the blood of the 
dam. then it would have been line-breed¬ 
ing from the dam. Maintaining and per¬ 
petuating the blood of a single individ¬ 
ual in a flock or herd is line-breeding, 
but it must always be carried on with 
reference to the blood of one animal. 
One can breed as closely and yet not 
necessarily practice line-breeding. Had 
I been indifferent in the instance given 
and bred indiscriminately back to the 
original dam, and then brother and sister 
or almost any other form of close breed¬ 
ing, it would not have been line-breed¬ 
ing. 
That excellent diagram once published 
by I. K. Felch, and here reproduced, does 
much to explain this matter. In con¬ 
clusion I will say that line-breeding is 
one form of inbreeding, but inbreeding is 
not always line-breeding. 
Michigan. riciiahd h. wood. 
Condition Powders; Hurrying Pullets. 
1. The following is a formula to mix with 
dry feed for laying hens. Will you advise 
if you would consider this safe to feed 
mixed in the following proportion? Take 
10 pounds of bone meal, 10 pounds of 
beef scraps, five pounds of fenugreek, two 
pounds of sulphur, two pounds charcoal, 
one-half pound of cayenne pepper, one- 
half pound salt. Mix and keep. Put a 
half pint in the mash every morning for 
twenty hens. 
2. What would you recommend to use 
to make pullets lav, and is cayenne pep¬ 
per a safe tonic to use? G. K. 
Trenton, N. J. 
1. The use of strong condiments, like 
cayenne pepper, cannot be recommended, 
even though in small quantities they may 
do no harm. It is a mistake to suppose 
that a local irritant like mustard or pep¬ 
per stimulates the activity of the egg- 
producing organs. In sufficient quantity, 
it would undoubtedly produce a sensation 
of warmth by drawing the blood to the 
part irritated by it, just as a mustard 
plaster upon your own skin would, but 
irritation is not stimulation, and too 
long continued, it becomes inflammation 
and positively deleterious. 
2. Pullets can not be “made to lay” 
except as they are fed a sufficient quan¬ 
tity of food of the right kinds to more 
than supply the needs of their bodies. 
The surplus will go toward the formation 
of eggs if the age of the pullets and 
other conditions a^e such as to put in 
motion their reproductive functions. It 
should not be forgotten that egg laying 
upon the part of a fowl is simply nature’s 
way of reproducing that fowl’s organism, 
and is not primarily designed to supply 
the New York market. That latter func¬ 
tion is a perverted one for which man, 
not nature, is responsible. 
A PRIZE TURKEY. 
We have a Bronze turkey here that 
laid 84 eggs last Summer. Can anyone 
beat that? Please let me hear from some 
of the turkey raisers. f. c. s. 
This is an age of telling about large 
records and hunting for champions. Can 
anyone bring forward a turkey here to 
beat this one? 
Two-story Henhouse. 
I bought a place of about 2*4 acres, 
on which I would like to keep about 200 
chickens. There is a barn on it about 
24x30 feet, which I would like to turn 
into a henhouse. My idea is to keep a 
place for breeders downstairs and then 
those just kept for laying upstairs. I 
have seen that in Europe; they generally 
keep chickens above the pigpen, as they 
like to go up high. Will you tell me, if 
practical, the best way to fix it? 
Rochester, N. Y. e. d. v. 
The idea of using the second story of a 
building for fowls seems never to have 
Poor Layers. 
I have 45 hens and pullets in the same 
house and give them the same attention, 
but laying is very poor. I dusted them 
twice this Winter with Cornell lice pow¬ 
der and I see no lice on the perches, but 
I think they have worms. If they have 
what will destroy them? s. L. r. 
West Virginia. 
A personal inspection of your hens and 
their quarters might reveal some reason 
or reasons for :he poor egg record that 
they are making, but without it, one 
could hardly venture a guess. There has 
been very frequent complaint this Win¬ 
ter that bens and pullets that started in 
with great promise have suddenly slacked 
up in egg production without apparent 
cause. One is tempted to lay it to 
weather conditions, but I am afraid that 
that is too easy an explanation to be 
scientific. A good general remedy for 
worms is oil of turpentine, in dosage of 
one to two teaspoonfuls, diluted with an 
equal amount of olive or other bland oil, 
and injected into the fowls crop through 
a soft rubber catheter. The catheter may 
easily be passed down the throat to the 
crop, but care must be taken to avoid 
entering the windpipe. Small glass syr¬ 
inges holding about the right amount may 
be purchased at drug stores. M. it. u. 
MAPES THE HEN MAN’S STRAIN 
Now is the time to get hatching eggs from a strain 
Mint has taken 20 years to establish Nothing bm S. 
0. W. leghorns on the farm. Good utility stock at 
$0.00 per lOOoggs. Eggs from special mated hens that 
weigh not less than five to six pounds at $3.00 per 15 
eggs. The pick of my father’s 2.000 hens. Mapes The 
lien Man’s Son. JESSE E. MAPES. Middletown, N Y 
RaLvChirlrs Ftrtrv AMD CUSTOM HATCHING-OnrS. 
DaDy GU1CKS, HggS c w . Leghorns nr8 bred for 
production and vigor; not for feathers and show type. 
White Orpingtons from Cooks’ liest Pekin ducks 
M. B. turkeys. Peaceful VaHey Farm, Oxford Depot, M. Y. 
Brown and White Leghorns 
Toulouse geese, Indian Kunner, Rouen ducks. Pearl 
guineas, Bronze turkeys. Black M inorms. Eggs and 
cockerels cheap. Best strains, shepur,! liro»„ L« Ituj, V y. 
INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS and Barred Rock Cockerels for 
■ sale reasonable. GEO. F WILLIAMSON, Flanders. N. J. 
LABEL 
n i iMiiiiiimi 
DANA’S EAR LABELS 
Are stamped with any name or address with serial 
numbers. They are simple, practical and a distinct 
and reliable mark. Samples free. Agents wanted. 
C H. DANA. 74 Main St..West Lebanon. N.H. 
Don’t Buy; 
s Until You Get My Factory Price 
on the Detroit-American Tongueless Disc —I’ll save you 
money—don’t pay dealers’ prices but send a postal NOW 
for tbe greatest low price, long time, free trial offer 
[ever made on the original 
Detroit-American Tongueless 
It’s all steel—perfectly balanced—light weight—light 1 
draft—greater strength—absolutely guaranteed 
i sold only on 
and 1 
16 , 18 , 
20 inch same price 
-QA r_„„MANURE SPREADERSand 
joUDays rree trial cultivators at equally 
low bedrock prices. A complete spreader $65—delivered— 
yes. Freight Prepaid—to all East, Central and Middle 
West States. 
)Big Book Free ^ r ht h Iw a ly: n8r_drop me a Hne 1 
FRED C. ANDREWS 
General Manager 
AMERICAN HARROW CO. 
1416D Hastings St., Detroit, Mich. 
“New Modern” LITTER CARRIER 
•■N 
eon- 
THE CLIMAX IN CARRIER CONSTRUCTION 
Saves money every time. Strongly con¬ 
structed of galvanized iron. Watertight. 
Doable trolleys. All parts extra strong and 
will last a lifetime. Capacity 700 to 1000 
pounds. Size. 32 in. by 45 in. by 12 in. 
“NEW MODERN” BARN EQUIPMENT 
Litter, Ensilage. Platform and Merchandise 
Carriers ; Steel Stalls. Stanchions. Water basins 
and covers ; Feed Mangers, Stable Ventilation, 
Adjustable Steel Gates, Trolley Holsts, Hog 
Troughs and Galvanized Tanks. 
FREE PLANS AND CATALOG 
Send rough sketch of your barn layout and 
wo will make free plan and estimate. 
WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG 
GLOR BROS. & WILLIS MFG. COMPANY 
50 Main Street, Attica, New York 
-EVER YTIIIXG FOR TILE BA RX“ J 
T* j*N» QBICKLT 
Sows Fertilizers evenly 
Sows broadcast or in rows all kinds of I 
commercial fertilizers—nitrate, phosphate, 
guano, lime, ashes, etc. Distributes it fast 
and evenly in amountsfromonehundred to 
several thousand pounds per acre.. Sirr.nle 
and strong. Gauge is easily and quickly set. 
STEVENS 
Fertilizer Sower 
Has only force feed which will Sow suc¬ 
cessfully all kinds of commercial fertilizers 
in large or small quantities. No springs or 
gears in box. Order one this season. We’ll 
refer you to a dealer if 
none near you. Send 
today for 61-page Cata¬ 
log of Chicopee Line 
Belcher & Taylor 
Agricultural 
Tool Co. 
tools — the line of 
61 years' sterling 
reputation. There's 
an implement for 
every farm n^ed. 
Box No. 75 
Chicopee falls 
Mass. 
PROTECT YOUR FAMILY 
often present, in the most inaocent looking well water. 
Expert employed by large Water Co . mostcomplete 
laboratory m the State, will toward sterile bottle, 
directions for collecting and make a Chemical and 
Bacteriological examination of your water, including 
advice for purifying if contaminated. Small fee. 
Address, K. CRAMER, Sauitary Engineer, 
Middlesex Water Co., Rahway, N. J. 
AffPlltc Wanfprf- Business permanent. Lucrative 
HjjGlllo liUlllGU and constantly growing. Especial¬ 
ly advantageous to Oil Peddlers. Robt. S. West, Perry,0. 
The Typewriter 
for the Rural 
Business Man 
Whether you are a 
small town merchant 
or a farmer, you need 
a typewriter. 
Ball Bearing . . 
Long Wearing jf y OU are writing 
your letters and bills by hand, you 
are not getting full efficiency. 
It doesn’t require an expert op¬ 
erator to run the L. C. Smith & 
Bros, typewriter. It is simple, com¬ 
pact, complete, durable. 
Send in the attached coupon and 
we will give especial attention to 
your typewriter needs. 
L. C. Smith & Bros. Typewriter Co.. 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
Please send me your free book about typewriters. 
Name.•<. 
P. ... 
State.. 
Standard Fruit Books 
Successful Fruit Culture. Maynard... .$1.00 
The Nursery Book. Bailey. 1.50 
The Pruning Book. Bailey. 1.50 
Bush Fruits. Cord. 1.50 
American Fruit Culturist. Thomas.... 2.50 
Citrus Fruits. Hume. 2.50 
California Fruits. Wicks«n.,.$3.00 
Dwarf Fruit Trees. Waugh.50 
Plums and Plum Culture. Waugh. 1.50 
Fruit Ranching in British Columbia. 
Bealby . 1-50 
Farm and Garden Rule Book. 1.50 
Live Stock and Poultry Books 
Types and Breeds of Farm Animals. 
Plumb .$2.00 
Principles of Breeding. Davenport. 2.50 
Swine in America. Coburn. 2.50 
Diseases of Animals. Mayo. 1.50 
Farmers’ Veterinary Adviser. Law... .S3.00 
Principles and Practice of Poultry Cul¬ 
ture. Robinson. 2.50 
Hens for Profit. Valentine. 1.50 
Diseases of Poultry. Salmon.50 
FOR SALE BY 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
333 West 30th Street New York 
