1914. 
THE RURAL, NEW-VORKER 
28.'! 
Farm Management 
The Location of Farm Buildings. 
There is a phase of farm management 
to which I would like to call attention 
as one of a great deal of importance, and 
that is the locating of farm buildings. 
To very few of the present generation 
here in the East comes the chance to 
locate an entire new set of farm build¬ 
ings but to many come the repairing or 
building or rebuilding of one or more, 
and all of us are affected by our own or 
some one’s else success or failure in that 
line- It seems sometimes as if some of 
our ancestors did not use much judgment 
in the location of their farmstead, but 
perhaps it is because times have changed, 
and what was most convenient in those 
days is not so now. I do not think 
that locating the barn or barns across the 
road from the house is an ideal ar¬ 
rangement for two reasons: First, be¬ 
cause the front of the house generally 
faces the road, and as a back door is 
generally used when going to and from 
the barn it necessitates too much travel 
in doing the daily chores. Second, if the 
barn is directly in front of the house the 
view is obscured and if it is far enough 
to one side to remedy that, more travel 
is caused. Yet in traveling through the 
country one sees very many farms with 
the house one side of the road and the 
barn on the other side. 
I call to mind one instance of a very 
inconvenient location of buildings. The 
horse barn is on the east side of the road, 
the house on the west side and a little 
south of being directly opposite the barn. 
The cow stable and other barns are a 
little way back of the house. Every 
time the farmer has occasion to go to 
the horse barn he comes out of a door in 
the back of the house, goes around the 
south end of it and diagonally across 
the road. When he draws his milk to 
the station he has to go to the horse barn, 
hitch up his horse and drive across the 
road past the house to the cow stable 
after the milk. When he comes back 
from the station he has to drive over to 
the cow stable again with the empty 
cans, or else carry them over. The cow 
pasture is back of the horse barn, so he 
has to drive the cows past the bouse and 
across the road four times every day 
through the Summer. Figure if you can 
how many miles that man or some of hi? 
family travel every year in just doing 
chores. And the present owner of the 
farm is getting the benefit of some one’s 
lack of judgment. 
In locating a set of farm buildings 
there are several things to be considered. 
First, contour of the land. The buildings 
should be on a slightly higher elevation 
than the road, with the house on rather 
higher ground than the barns. They 
should not be in a place too much ex¬ 
posed to wind, neither should they be 
in a hollow where all the damp, foul air 
settles. If a hilly farm they should be 
where the bulk of the hauling would not 
be uphill. Second, ease of access to the 
highway and different parts of the farm. 
The buildings should not be very far from 
the road, neither should they be too close 
to it. They should be as near the center 
of the farm as possible; one corner is 
not usually satisfactory. The location 
of the permanent pasture (if there is 
one) should be borne in mind, also tin 
water supply for the stock, as well as 
the house. The barns should be so lo¬ 
cated in relation to the house as to re 
quire as little travel in reaching them as 
is consistent with sanitation. They 
would be better not to be in a direction 
from the house from which the prevail¬ 
ing wind blows. 
The, barns (if more than one are built) 
should be conveniently located in regard 
to each other so that the most work can 
be accomplished with the fewest steps. 
In these days of high-priced labor (and 
scarce at that) every move must be made 
to count. It is a good plan when one 
is contemplating erecting new buildings 
or remodeling old ones to visit as many 
up-to-date farms as possible, where every¬ 
thing is arranged conveniently, and study 
their methods. Get all the information 
you can before you begin. Make a plan 
of what you consider an ideal farmstead 
for your location and do all your building 
and remodeling with that plan in mind. 
Combine utility, capacity and conveni¬ 
ence. A. s. M. 
A Drainage Question 
I tile-drained a piece of very wet land 
last Fall; that is, I put in the laterals, 
leaving the main ditch open. For about 
200 feet up from creek land is nearly 
level; from there up to head of laterals 
there is about four feet rise. There will 
always be water in drains, as they are 
fed by springs that never dry. In order 
to get tile down at a safe depth, say 2% 
feet, I shall have to begin at creek and 
put them down at nearly the creek bot¬ 
tom, with very little rise for 200 feet. 
Mouth of tile, or out>et, will be free for 
three or four months during Summer, as 
creek is then low; but how about high 
water? During high water creek often 
overflows its banks. I shall have to use 
six-inch tile at least, and there is water 
enough in ditch now to fill it. I do not 
wish to leave it as an open ditch. Is 
it practicable to lay tile under such con¬ 
ditions? This piece of land contains 
about five acres, was very wet; water 
always stood on it, nothing growing but 
cat-tails. It dried out very soon after 
ditch was dug. I drew several loads of 
tile over it. I wish to plant Eureka 
corn next Spring. Would you advise 
liming it? Would you try it one year 
without phosphoric acid or potash? Soil 
is muck from three to five feet deep. 
Watertown, N. Y. L. w. s. 
There is some danger of silting in a 
pipe laid under these conditions, but if 
care is taken to make the joints close, 
and no silty material is placed directly 
on the tile, one should be able to make 
a lasting job of it, and as the laterals 
have been in for a time the ground will 
be settled around them so they will not 
be running silt into the main. Muck 
of that depth with living water that can 
be controlled for sub-irrigation is pretty 
good property, with the right “man be¬ 
hind the plow.” All such soils are de- i 
ficient in potash and phosphoric acid, j 
and too sour for the nitrifying organisms j 
to convert the inert nitrogen into nitrates j 
sufficient to meet the needs of growing 
plants; hence after draining, lime is 
used to promote bacterial action, and 
some celery and spinach growers find 
profit on their muck in the continued use 
of fertilizers containing four or five per 
cent, of nitrogen. j. F. V. 
— 
Know What They Cost. 
Those articles on page 144 by E. G. 
Whitmyrc and on page 162 by O. W. 
Mapes should make more farmers realize 
the importance of keeping track of costs. 
It would be a revelation to many to 
know what trouble and expense manufac¬ 
turing plants take in keeping account of 
costs. I do not know of a better way 
to use some of the days in Winter for 
a good many than figuring up costs to 
find out the results of the past year’s 
work. It would be the most profitable 
work done. Very little time is required 
each day in the working season to keep 
such records which can be gone over and 
worked up later on. Farm bookkeeping is 
not the panacea that is going to over¬ 
come all the troubles or make an assured 
success of the unfitted, but the man who 
keeps such records carefully and can com¬ 
pare the results from year to year is ! 
much more certain to get his business on : 
a paying basis than the man who believes 
he can tell from his general knowledge 
what a particular line is paying him. It 
is the exception when you find a man 
who knows what his crops are costing; 
for instance, how much it is costing per 
day for his horse work, or what his horse I 
work on the corn crop amounted to last 
year. Those who think they could not 
take the time to keep complete records 
should at least on one crop keep a care- j 
fill account and it is very likely the re¬ 
sult would be surprising enough to lead 
to keeping complete accounts- 
Pennsylvania. e. b. joiixson. 
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Cutting 
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Address Dept. LI 
TTmn/ll 
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