1914. 
THfcC KUKAL Ni£W-VUKKbR 
1119 
CHURNING TROUBLES. 
Is there any known reason why butter 
takes so long to churn at times, and 
again in only a few minutes, even when 
it registers <52 degrees? How hot does 
the cream have to be to be sterilized? 
If it is heated up and then cooled to 
churning temperature will the butter 
show signs of being melted? If the cream 
has been frozen, dot's it affect the churn¬ 
ing once it is heated up to 62 degrees? 
West Vienna, N. Y. j. c. g. 
With all the conditions uniform there 
should be no variation in the time re¬ 
quired for churning. However, there are 
many conditions affecting the churnability 
of cream, and in home butter making it 
is not always easy to control these con¬ 
ditions. In fact, the temperature of the 
cream will vary more than one would 
suppose. If the temperature of the cream 
is taken after churning a while it will 
frequently be found to be higher or low¬ 
er than when the cream was put in. This 
may be due to the temperature of the 
churn, or air outside, or to the fact that 
the butter particles change their temper¬ 
ature more slowly than the milk in 
which they float. 
I cannot say how hot cream would have 
to be to insure complete sterilization, 
probably close to boiling, and it would 
be necessary to maintain the high temper¬ 
ature for at least 30 minutes. Pasteuri¬ 
zation, which kills about all living germs 
in the vegetative stale, occurs at 140 to 
160 deg. Fahr. This will not affect the 
quality or texture of the butter, if no 
portion of the cream has been heated to 
so high a temperature as to cause some 
of the butterfat to melt and collect. 
I have never had experience with fro¬ 
zen cream nor can I find anything about 
it in the authorities I have at hand. It 
is my opinion that it would not affect the 
churnability of the cream, if the cream 
be warmed slowly and held at the churn¬ 
ing temperature for at least half an hour 
before putting in the churn. c. l. m. 
GREEN FEED FOR SWINE. 
I have about 14 acres of land that I 
want to rotate in crops that will furnish 
the best green feed for my bogs and pigs. 
At present only about two acres are oc¬ 
cupied with a growing crop, Blue grass 
sod; the remainder is ground that grew 
oats and rape, cornstalks, and some parts 
of lots that will be taken off present 
feed and barn lots. All of it is good 
rich corn land. 1 had thought of putting 
a light seeding of oats with four quarts 
of clover, and two quarts of Alsike per 
acre, on the ground that grew oats and 
rape last year, rape on the stalk ground, 
and pasture the Blue grass until the rape 
is ready to turn into. Then fit lot num¬ 
ber three, which contains the Blue grass, 
and plant an early variety of corn, sow 
rape at the last cultivation, and hog 
down as soon as the corn is fit. About 
the middle of August I will fit the rape 
field for rye, sow not later than Septem¬ 
ber 1, if the weather conditions are right. 
My plan is to have the grass for early 
pasture for sows and pigs until the rape 
is ready; after that the rape and the 
oats and clover, then the corn and rape, 
with the early sown rye for late Fall 
pasture. After the first year, I will drop 
the oats, as it is used this year, only be¬ 
cause I have to have a Spring crop to 
get started. After that the rotation would 
be: Winter rye, last year’s seeding of 
clover and Alsike, until rape, sown on 
last year’s corn lot, was ready; then 
plant clover lot to corn, to bo fed off; 
rape furnishing feed until plowed for rye, 
the clover following the rye, until corn 
is ready. Is this rotation practical? If 
not can you give me one that is? Which 
would be better, sow clover with the rye 
in the Fall, or wait till Spring? While 
the prime object is to have some green 
feed through all the growing season, I 
especially desire to have green feed early 
for the suckling sows and little pigs. 
Woodford Co., Ill. E. 
The ration you mention is practical, 
but may be improved upon. Y'oti say 
nothing about sowing Canada field peas, 
which is one of the best crops to grow 
to furnish pasture for hogs. A mixture 
of early oats and Canada peas will af¬ 
ford the earliest grain feed to be ob¬ 
tained from Spring sowing. The peas 
can be plowed under three inches deep 
as early as the land is in fit condition, 
and the oats should be drilled in or broad¬ 
cast a few days after the peas are sown. 
In the latitude of central Illinois these 
will be in the dough stage about the 
20th of June, and can be pastured off 
or mowed and fed to the hogs, furnishing 
the earliest grain feed of which I have 
any knowledge. 
If peas are not sown perhaps the next 
best thing is succotash, which can be 
made of a mixture of Manshury barley, 
or the Success or some other beardless 
variety, and Early Champion or Sixty 
Day oats. These will be in the dough 
stage at about the same time as the peas, 
possibly a little lat.er. and will furnish 
feed as long as it lasts. 
A mixture of Kherson or Silver Mine 
oats and Early Java wheat will furnish 
later feed, say about the 10th of July. 
A later variety of oats and. the latest 
Spring wheat would carry the feed on 
until the first of August. This, of course, 
involves a separation of the field of graz¬ 
ing grain into different lots. If the hogs 
taking their grain feed from the succotash 
can have the use of good clover pasture 
they can be carried on fairly well until 
an early variety of corn can be grown. 
Be .sure to plant the earliest variety of 
corn, either the early types of sweet corn 
or Pride of the North, or any other of 
the early Northern varieties—varieties 
that have been forced from necessity to 
make their growth in a short time. Pigs 
that come in March can in this way be 
pushed along to make weights of 160. 
175 and ISO pounds at little expense and 
will bring a good price in the market. 
With regard to sowing clover with rye 
in Spring or Fall; in my experience I 
have always obtained a better stand by 
sowing clover in the Spring. Fairly good 
results, however, may be secured by sow¬ 
ing the rye in the Fall and the clover 
immediately after, in a seed bed that is 
well prepared. H. u. w. 
Illinois. 
THE NEW YORK STATE BREEDERS’ 
ASSOCIATION. 
PART II. 
The closing session was marked by an 
original presentation of the theme “Com¬ 
munity Interest in Live Stock” by Dr. 
Eugene Davenport, Dean of the Illinois 
College of Agriculture. Prof. Daven¬ 
port’s address mingled the philosophy of 
a great teacher with the discussion of j 
practical details of community effort, 
and was listened to with appreciative at¬ 
tention. Dr. Davenport believes that 
individual preferences should be sub¬ 
ordinated to community choice in the ; 
breeding of animals, and that in making 
such choice the natural advantages of 
any locality should be carefully studied 
and have first consideration. Coopera¬ 
tion is in the air, and in no way can 
people begin to get together in common 
effort better than through live stock 
breeding. The average farmer is, of ue- j 
cessity, conservative; lie has no capital 
for experiments; the steps which lead 
from pure individualism to cooperation 
must be short, and each operation must 
show a profit; otherwise the farm will 
be lost. Cooperative buying is compara¬ 
tively easy, and cooperation in selling by 
small breeders of live stock is absolutely 
essential. The small breeder cannot af¬ 
ford to find liis own buyers. The im¬ 
provement of breeds, also, is beyond the 
efforts, or lifetime, of any one man; 
knowledge must be obtained by consulta¬ 
tion and discussion together, and must 
be handed down from one generation to 
another. We are not yet ready for com¬ 
munity ownership, save in a small way, 
but a beginning may be made by common 
ownership of valuable sires. 
The closing address was made by Dr. 
Carl Gay of the University of Pennsyl¬ 
vania. who spoke of “Market Horses.” 
I)r- Gray believes that the commercial 
draft horse is an important a proposition 
as he ever was, and that the motor has 
not displaced him. A large Phildelphia 
firm found that in delivering sugar, horses : 
saved 50 per cent, in cost as compared 
with motor trucks. The demand for ; 
saddle horses and hunters was never 
greater, and the profits in breeding them 
are large. The harness horse in the 
cities is also “coming back,” though bis 
breeding now is probably less profitable 
than that of draft horses and saddlers. 
Breeding is only one factor in the pro¬ 
duction of fine horses; environment must 
equal ancestry if a standard is to be 
kept up. 
Before closing its final session the As¬ 
sociation adopted resolutions favoring 
the holding of a Winter fair at Syracuse; 
the adoption of an amendment to the 
tuberculosis law calling for physical ex¬ 
amination of all dairy herds in the State 
and the elimination of diseased cattle; 
the compulsory pasteurizing of all skim- 
milk before distributing it from cream¬ 
eries or cheese factories; the elimination 
of all unsound and scrub stallions stand¬ 
ing for service in the State, and the 
adoption of a law requiring State regis¬ 
tration of all dogs, with a license fee, 
one half of which should go to the 
county. M. B. DEAN. 
The stage drivers in Yellowstone Park 
are bothered considerably by the foolish 
questions asked by their passengers and 
often resort to satirical answers. Once 
a woman tourist who seemed deeply in¬ 
terested in the hot springs inquired: 
“Driver, do these springs freeze over in 
Winter?” “Oh. yes, yes; a lady was 
skating here last Winter and broke 
through and got her foot scalded.”— 
E very body’s Magazine. 
Here is Real Proof 
THAT 
“OF THE BREEDERS 
BY THE BREEDERS 
FOR THE BREEDERS’ 
“OF THE BREEDERS 
BY THE BREEDERS 
FOR THE BREEDERS’ 
The LIVERPOOL SALE 
and PEDIGREE CO’S 
THIRD CONSIGNMENT SALE 
REGISTERED H0LSTEINS 
SYRACUSE, N. Y. 
MARCH 10-11, 1914 
WILL BE THE BEST SALE OF THE SEASON 
Two sons of Pontiac Korndyke, 
Two sons of King of the Pontiacs. 
Two sons of Kina Segis Pontiac, one front 
a record dauqhter of King of the Pontiacs. 
Son of a thirty-two pound four ye3r old. 
Son of a thirty-one pound four year old. 
Son of a thirty pound ten year old who 
has three sisters with thirty-two, thirty- 
four and thirty-six pounds, thirteen that 
average over thirty-six pounds. 
Daughter of King Segis with 27.54 at four years 
of 3ge. 
Eight granddaughters of Pontiac Korndyke 
Sixteen granddaughters of King of the Pontiacs 
One daughter of King of the Pontiacs. 
Four granddaughters oi Korndyke Abfcoherk 
Five granddaughters of Karel Korndyke 
Any number of cows with twenty-eight and 
thirty pounds. 
A large number of A R. 0. cows with high- 
toned breeding hack of them. 
Absolute dispersal sale of the herd at J H. 
Sleen, Kyserike, N. Y. 
Breeding Hard to Beat Individuality the Best 
Tuberculin Tested Personally Inspected 
FOR CATALOGUE ADDRESS 
Liverpool Sale & Pedigree Co. 
LIVERPOOL, N. Y. 
Sale held in New Sale Pavilion, Stop 22, Liverpool Trolley 
■*» Don’t Stop 
to make fast the rope. Use the Burr Seif-locking 
Tackle Block for a'i kinds of lifting. Booklet FREE 
postpaid. Ask your dealer or write us. 
THE BURR MFG. CO. 
2105 Superior Ave., N. W. Cleveland, O. 
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE 
Half the Cost— with the 
PROFIT FARM BOILER 
With Dumping Caldron. Empties 
its kett le in one minute. The simplest 
and best arrangement for cooking 
food for stock. Also make Dairy ami 
Laundry Stoves, Water and 
Steam Jacket Kettles, Hog 
Scalders, Caldrons.etc. C^Send 
for particulars and ask for circular- J 
D. li. sperry & Co., Batavia, IU 
$ 10 , 000 . 00-1 
BacKs This Drill 
If this Hertzler Zook Grain Drill does not satisfy 
you in every w»v. *hip it hack, nud if we fail to return 
your money in lull, paying: freight both ways, we for¬ 
feit "which our banket's hold to protect you— 
you can’t lose. 
Wo make this big guarantee because we know thi» Is the 
beat drill on th»* market today—anws all kind* »>f icrain, seed 
or fertilizer acrnrately ami without waste. High, broad- 
tire wheels lighten draft. Extra Urge grain box. We also 
make alow down ami plain seed drill, bold direct from 
fWrtory: saves you $10 to $20 dealers' profit*. 
WHO* f.»r cat¬ 
alog and special 
offer. 
SO Day8* 
Frre Trial 
HERTZLER & 
ZOOK CO. 
Box 107 
Belleville, Pa. 
OI 
CIose-To-Nature OPEN AIR Hover 
The Longest Portable Hover Now Advertised 
Applies the three Close-To-Nature principles: 
Contact Warmth ,—chicks nestle against a warm 
body like the hen; Open Air Ventilation.—.rot hot 
air; No Piling Up or Over-Crowding. Combines 
the Fireless with the Lamp ,—use the lamp for 
very young chicks and discard it as they grow 
older; or use it during the day time but extinguish it 
when they cluster for the night. 
Nothing now advertised just like these brooders and 
hovers. —highly successful, natural as nature itself 
and very low in price. Write for circular. 
Close-To-Nature Co., 10 Front St., Colfa.-, Iowa 
LABEL 
DANA’S EAR LABELS 
Are stamped with any name or address with serial 
numbers. They are simple, practical and a distinct 
and reliable mark Samples free. A gen■ < wanted. 
C H. DANA. 74 Main St.. West Lebanon. N.H . 
% 
"Write for ottr FREE 
j / Catalog. It’s a real 
/ i textbook on stanchions 
/' / and explains the many 
j exclusive features of our 
New Modern 
Stanchion 
Wood or steel. Chain or swivel 
hung. Furnished with or without 
/ wood or steel frame. It's the 
I lightest and most durable stan¬ 
chion—yet-the easiest on the cow 
and holds her securely. 
This wonderful Catalog also in¬ 
cludes detailed description and ex¬ 
planation of onr Liner and Feed 
Carriers Water Basins, and other “ New 
Modern” Equipment for the farm. 
GLOR BROS. & WILLIS MFG. CO. 
54 Main Street, Attica, N. Y. 
** Everythin* for the Barn *’ 
I 
NOW 
is the time to secure Re¬ 
newal Subscriptions to 
The Rural New-Yorker. 
We will pay you for 
doing it. Send for 
terms. Postal card w ill 
bring them. 
Department “M” 
Rural New-Yorker 
333 West 30th Street 
New York City 
