3 3L’ 
ber, in 1013, arc as follows: Rhode Island Green- 
iug. “>7: Baldwin. 55; Tompkins King. 50; Ben 
Davis. 40: Hubbardston, 38; Stark. 37; Jonathan. 
Wagoner and Wealthy, each 32: Rome Beauty. 31; 
APPLE IN’ ('APTIVITV. 
Pewaukee and York Imperial, each lit); Northern 
Spy. 2G: (iravenstein. 24: Dominie, Sutton and 
Walbridge, each 23: (1 rimes. Tolman and Willow, 
each 18; Shiawassee and Smith Cider, each 17: 
Falla water and Winesap. each 1(>: Milam. North¬ 
western and l’eimock, each 15; Alexander, Esopus, 
llano. Lankford. Longlield. Paragon. Winter Para¬ 
dise and Yellow Newton, each 14: Akin. Bailey, 
Fameuse, Missouri. Ramho. Swaar and Wolf River, 
each 13; Cooper Market. Fall Pippin. McAfee. 
Mann and Salome, each i2. The list of varieties 
received less than a dozen times is too long to he 
given here. 
WHAT PEOPLE SEND.'—From the si>ecimons 
some people send they must think we are wizards 
able to name any fruit, no matter how much dis¬ 
guised, misshapen, rotten, wormy, or runty. Not 
much time is wasted on such poor material, for it 
might he anything, and isn't worth risking even a 
guess on. Sometimes only a* part of a fruit is sent, 
or an incomplete description, and in one instance 
recently four apple leaves and tiro seeds—what a 
chance for a guessing contest! We appreciate this 
confidence placed in our ability, but even a Govern¬ 
ment official has his limitations. Most of the fruits, 
however, are of typical size, shape, and color, and 
this we appreciate fully. 
FREAK FRI’ITS.—Only a few freaks have been 
received in the past two years, but occasionally 
someone makes a remarkable discovery of a won¬ 
derful new seedless apple and sends it to us. These 
are as worthless as tin* 57 other seedless kinds 
which have gone to their rest. 
WHAT 18 A SEEDLINB?-—A good many state¬ 
ments like this reach ns: "I am sending specimens 
of a seedling apple; what is the name of it?" or. 
"I am sending samples of a seedling apple from a 
wild tree which father dug in the woods a few 
years ago. What is the name of this variety? 
Please place description of this over our signature 
in your year hook.” Sometimes the good old vari¬ 
eties are sent in as seedlings: this is done in good 
faith in the belief that the tree was never grafted 
or budded. Much of this confusion doubtless arises 
from a misunderstanding of what a seedling is. and 
from the fact that nearly all named varieties were 
once seedlings. Our understanding of a seedling 
apple tree is that it is one grown from an apple 
seed. It remains a seedling until it is given a vari¬ 
ety name, and it really should be propagated and 
offered to the trade before it graduates from the 
seedling class into the named variety class. This 
holds good with all kinds of fruit. 
LESSONS LEARNED.—The two most important 
lessons to us from this work are the variations of 
the same variety in different sections of the coun¬ 
try, and the adaptability of varieties to the various 
fruit-producing areas. These subjects are too big 
THE KURA.lv NEVV-YORKEK 
to discuss here except to give a couple of examples 
of the first one. In general the apple varieties of 
the Pacific Coast States are large in size, elongated 
in shape, ribbed at the blossom end, very brilliant 
in color, and of a fine polishable finish. Those of 
the Rocky Mountain region are not as large nor 
long, but have the same color and finish. In the 
Creat Plains States and eastward they are still 
shorter, usually not so brilliant in color and not 
quite so fine in finish. The Elberta peach is a good 
example of sectional variation. In the Southern 
l>eaeh districts it is flattened with considerable tip. 
In the central, northern and eastern sections it 
loses most of its tip. is oval in outline with sides 
compressed. In the Rocky Mountain region and 
westward it is larger and globular in shape. 
Some one is wondering what we learn about the 
quality of apples as grown over this great country. 
We know that good apples, splendid apples, come 
from every apple section, and that there are twenty 
million opinions as to where the vent best ones are 
* 
grown. Not one of the twenty million opinions 
wants to be changed; they are probably all cor¬ 
rect anyway, and, furthermore, an opinion changed 
against its will remains of the same opinion still. 
CONCLUSION.—I hope this long letter covers 
some of the points you wish for your readers. We 
are always ready to identify fruits for anyone, 
and will furnish horticultural information whenever 
it is desired. We send mailing boxes and franks 
upon request so that fruits may be forwarded with* 
out the payment of itostage. We desire three or 
four typical fruits or clusters of each variety, to¬ 
gether with a statement of the age, size, and habits 
of the tree, bush or vine, and also the local name, 
if one is known. An important point is that the 
sender's name and address should be either inside 
or outside the mailing box. A few mailing boxes 
reach us without a mark of any kind to indicate 
who sent them, or at what post office they were 
mailed. c. p. close, 
I'omologist. 
March 7, 
to fall from the twig. Some of these smaller speci¬ 
mens remained upon the trees several weeks after 
the normal fruits had "ripened. The only difference 
in the condition which caused the very small peaches 
and' the abnormally large ones was the point at 
which the injury occurred in each case; or in other 
words, whether it occurred to the stem of the peach 
itself or to the twig upon which the peach was 
borne. M A BLAKE 
New Jersey Experiment Station. 
SIZE OF PEACHES AFFECTED BY WEATHER 
The Winter and early Spring of 1012-1013 was 
remarkable because of the abnormal weather condi¬ 
tions which prevailed. Unusually warm weather oc¬ 
curred during the Winter months, which caused the 
flower buds of fruit trees to swell and commence 
growth. No extremely low temperatures prevailed 
in New Jersey at any time during the Winter. As 
a result of the high temjieratures all fruit trees 
bloomed many days earlier than is the case follow¬ 
ing a normal Winter. 
Upon May 11. at New Brunswick. N. J., sour 
cherries had developed to the size of green peas; 
peaches were as large as small walnuts, and apples 
were a half-inch or more in diameter. During the 
night of May 11-12 the temperature reached a mini¬ 
mum of 31 degrees and remained at this iioint for 
two hours. None of the fruits above mentioned 
was injured seriously as far as couhl be determined 
by observations, at that time. Low temperatures 
also prevailed at other times which were certainly 
unfavorable to fruit development. As the various 
varieties of peaches began to ripen, it was quite 
generally noted that some specimens were unusually 
large in size: much larger than other specimens upon 
the same tree in fact, which were really the normal 
specimens. A close examination of the unusually 
large specimens at ripening time showed that the 
dots or lenticels were much enlarged. 
Artificial girdling of a branch will result in an 
increased size of the fruit due to the check to the 
wood growth of the treated branch, and the cutting 
»> of the downward flow of sap toward the roots. 
Winter injury to a branch at a certain point may 
interfere with the downward flow of sap in such a 
way as to cause an enlargement of the fruit similar 
to that introduced by artificial girdling. Injury 
to twigs of peach undoubtedly occurred early last 
Spring during the cold weather, which affected the 
downward flow of sap in such a manner as to result 
in abnormally large specimens of fruit in numerous 
instances. Small and sometimes more or less 
shriveled specimens were also numerous, even in the 
late Summer, and often occurred upon trees which 
also bore abnormally large specimens, as illustrated 
in next column. 
It was a puzzle at first to account for such fruits. 
Imperfectly pollinated peaches commonly fall from 
the trees in June, instead of persisting upon the 
branches, as did these fruits. A study of the matter 
finally revealed the fact, however, that the stem of 
the peach itself which connects if with the branch 
had been injured by the cold sufficiently to prevent 
a good circulation of sap into the mitt. The injury 
was not sufficient to completely shut off the circula¬ 
tion. however, which would have caused the fruit 
THE APPLE IN THE BOTTLE. 
We have no doubt many of our readers have seen 
at fairs and fruit expositions the remarkable specta¬ 
cle of a big apple growing inside of a comparatively 
small bottle. Usually these bottles have a very 
small neck, but a larger body, so that an object of 
some size can stay therein. It is usually a great 
puzzle to those who have never seen the trick done 
to know how this big fruit could ever be pushed 
through the narrow neck. Like everything else, how¬ 
ever, this is easy when you know how. The pic¬ 
ture opposite shows one of these specimens, and 
the following note wifi tell how it is done. 
One of my boys placed the apple inside the bottle 
last Spring, when small, and tied the bottle fast to 
the limb of the tree. It is a Spice apple. The bottle 
is a short quart. After having it photographed he sold 
it to a druggist for 50 cents, who placed it in his show 
window where many who saw it said: ‘‘How did it get 
inside the bottle?" That is the highest price we ever 
received for one apple. 
Ohio. 
S. E. RHINE. 
This is a good experiment for some of our boys to 
try this coming season. We would from choice take 
a botfle with.a small neck, and with a body large 
enough to permit the growth of good-sized fruit 
within it. Take some Winter apple, one that will 
keep for a long time. Be careful to introduce the 
limb and small fruit so as not to bruise it, and 
watch it carefully through the season. The boy who 
can do this will find himself something of a wizard 
or horticultural hero when he goes to the county 
fair. 
Another well known trick is to put pieces of paper 
over the apple before it colors, with the letters cut 
out so as to do a little sun-printing upon the fruit. 
Where the paper covers the fruit there will be a light 
shade of color, but .through the holes where the sun 
has access to the fruit, the letters or figures will be 
sun-printed. Here is a good chance for some young 
man to please his sweetheart or his wife, by printing 
her initials upon some of his finest fruit. 
Big pumpkins or fruit often make a great showing 
at exhibitions. The Alexander apple shown on page 
3.‘>5 would be sure to draw a crowd, although tin- 
apple itself, while a fair market variety, has little to 
commend it for quality. By removing all the fruit 
and buds except one or two from a vigorous stem, and 
carefully watching the fruit, it is often possible to 
produce these monsters. In a peach 
may sometimes lie found abnormal 
t wig 
with 
peaches, like the bunch of Elbertas shown on page 334. 
B.v finding these twigs early in the season, and giving 
them steady (-are, it is possible to produce a wonderful 
cluster, which as an advertisement or a novelty would 
prove very effective in the market or exhibition. 
