1914. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
343 
Pruning the Grapevine. 
I should like very much to read an ar¬ 
ticle on how to prune grapevines and 
blackberries. I should like to know more 
hbout pruning in general. h. o. j. 
Toledo, O. 
In answering this question I assume 
that some system of training has been 
decided upon, and that the vines are but 
recently set. It is the usual practice to 
cut back all the growth of the first year 
back to two or three buds. This gives 
the root opportunity to become well es¬ 
tablished. The canes that develop from 
these two buds, if the vine is vigorous, 
are tied up the following year, which is 
the third growing season. These may be 
tied along the lower wire, obliquely to 
the upper wire, one cane to the lower 
wire and one to the upper, or one cane 
only to the upper wire, which is about 4 y 2 
feet from the ground. The second year 
after it is carried to this wire two canes 
are laid down along it, one extending to 
the right, the other to the left. Each 
Dishorning and Pruning Old Apple Trees. 
Let me say at once that we do not 
advocate any dishorning which would be 
taken to mean a cutting back of large 
trees to the bare pole-like branches. For 
the best commercial orchard practice, 
trees should not be over 20 to 22 feet in 
height, so it is often an advantage to 
take eight to 10 feet out of the top of 
the highest trees. In doing this the plan 
is to select some wide spreading branch 
to continue the growth and to cut the 
top just above this, thus increasing the 
spread and the bearing surface 
We, of course, understand that all 
dead limbs and branches and all badly 
cankered branches should be removed 
and burned at once, to get rid of insects 
and disease spores which they usually 
contain. Then we look for branches 
which cross one another and usually re¬ 
move the weaker and poorer. If the tree 
is still too thick at the center we may 
remove one or more additional live 
A PICTURE is “Proof of the pud¬ 
ding.” This picture shows what 
you may expect to do with a 
dwarf apple tree in one or two years. 
We do not generally recommend 
dwarf trees for commercial plantings, 
except as “fillers;” but if your hobby 
is horticultural novelties, an apple 
bush in bearing is surely a novelty. 
We are offering about forty varieties. 
If you are planning a little fruit gar¬ 
den for your back yard, twenty dwarf 
apple trees will thrive on the space 
required for one full-grown standard. 
THIS IS THE WAY OUR 
DWARF APPLE TREES GROW 
Dwarf fruit trees are used for orna- 
mental purposes; you can start with young trees and train them at will. 
When in bloom they rival all flowering trees and shrubs. 
Some folks are using these dwarfs to combine a fruit garden with an orna¬ 
mental effect that is mighty pleasing. 
If you enjoy having a garden; or, better yet, if you take pleasure in making 
things grow and caring for them yourself, you will find the training of these 
dwarf trees a most fascinating pastime. Send for our dwarf bulletin. 
Wc specialize in PEACH TREES. A few words as to how we grow them should interest 
the peach planter. At from three to five-year intervals we renew our peach buds from tested, 
bearing trees, using this stock for not longer than five years and then renewing again. We 
have for this purpose our testing plot of nearly a hundred varieties, and have access to the 
State Experiment Station testing orchard of several hundred varieties, right across the road 
from our own grounds. 
Realizing the liability to mixture of varieties 
worth your while when planting them coramerc 
exercise in keeping varieties straight? If this 
interests you. send for our general catalogue 
and special peach bulletin. 
JUNE RASPBERRY. It is ripe in 
June. We have it from stock distributed 
by the New York State Experiment Sta¬ 
tion, and it is recommended by them. 
Postage paid in lots of 25 or less. 
in nursery blocks of peach trees, is it not 
ially to get trees grown with the care we 
STANDARD APPLE TREES 
STANDARD PEAR TREES 
STANDARD PLUM TREES 
STANDARD CHERRY TREES 
STANDARD PEACH TREES 
Catalogue Free 
THE VAN DUSEN NURSERIES 
W. L. McKAY, Prop. Box J, Geneva, N. Y. 
Catalogue Free 
THE VAN DUSEN NURSERIES 
W. L. McKAY, Prop. Box J, Geneva, N. Y. 
DWARF APPLE TREES 
DWARF PEAR TREES 
DWARF PLUM TREES 
DWARF CHERRY TREES 
DWARF PEACH TREES 
GET IT FREE 
Catalogue of the 
MUNSON NURSERIES 
DENISON, TEXAS 
Always reliable. Square deal 
RUIT TREES 
F.. 
■ We deal direct with you—no agents. Our 
prices one-half whal agents charge. We 
save vou the agents’ profits. 
We pay freight w^orov” of 
If any tree is not true to name and healthy, 
we replace it. Send for free catalogue, brim¬ 
ful of valuable information. Write today. 
Wm. P. Rupert & Son, Box 20, Seuecx, N. t.- 
year but two canes are kept for fruiting 
wood, along with sufficient spurs to pro¬ 
vide for these canes the following year. 
For the amateur the high-renewal sys¬ 
tem offers a very satisfactory plan. A 
trunk or stem is carried to just below 
the lower wire, which is 18 or 20 inches 
from the ground. Two or three canes 
may be retained for the fruiting wood 
along with spurs of two or three buds, 
that are to furnish these canes the fol¬ 
lowing year. Two of these canes may be 
tied along the lower wire, while the third 
is carried to the second and tied along 
it. The trellis consists of three wires. 
One cane may he tied along the lower 
wire and the two carried to the second, 
and there laid down. As soon as the 
shoots from these canes have made 
growth that reaches the wire they are 
tied to it by string, raffia or rye straw. 
Thus all the current year’s growth is 
kept off the ground. 
The pruning the following year con¬ 
sists of cutting hack the previous year’s 
growth to two or three canes and a like 
number of spurs. The only wood that is 
left each year, older than one year, is the 
short trunk reaching to the lower wire 
or just below. Whether one cane or two 
are laid down on the lower wire is gov¬ 
erned largely by the location of the 
canes; some are so placed that they can 
be readily tied in one wire while others 
accommodate themselves to the other. 
Thus individual judgment will have to 
determine the matter. In cases of ex¬ 
cessive wood growth four canes may be 
left, then two canes are tied to each 
wire. Often when canes are laid down 
on the second wire the trunk is extended 
to a point just below it, and the canes 
are taken from this level. However, 
this is a matter of choice with the grow¬ 
er. F. E. G. 
branches. One should always bear in 
mind some of the fundamental reasons 
for pruning, viz.: 
1. To keep the trees within bounds so 
as to facilitate spraying and harvesting. 
2. To preserve symmetry or form of 
the tree. 
3. To keep the top reasonably open, 
so as to allow sunlight to pass between 
the branches and leaves, thus tending to 
cause the fruit to color well. 
In all of the work of pruning one must 
he careful not to over-prune, for in order 
to have maximum crops it is self-evident 
the trees must carry a maximum amount 
of well-placed bearing wood. This, in 
the case of the apple, is the younger 
wood, two, three, four- and five years old. 
Stubs or shoulders should never be left, 
as they usually do not heal over but dry 
out, decay and fall away giving rise to 
holes in the trees. In removing a branch 
remove it entirely, cutting close up to 
and flush with the bark of the trunk 
or the parent branch from which it 
sprang. Also a good plan in removing 
large limbs is to cut one-quarter to one- 
third way through on the under side 
first, so as to prevent stripping the bark 
and splitting the wood as the branch 
falls. One should take care to paint 
all cut surfaces over an inch in diameter 
and thus preserve the wood until nature 
heals it over with bark. For paint one 
should use raw linseed oil, white lead 
and enough lamp black to tone it down 
to a slate color. A small amount, say 
five to 10 per cent, of crude creosote oil 
the same as is used to kill egg clusters 
of the Gypsy moth, may be added as an 
additional disinfectant and wood pre¬ 
server. Turpentine should not be used 
in paints for covering tree wounds, as 
it is likely to injure the bark. 
PBOF. WOLFF. 
Publishers—“Foundations of American Grape Culture” 
The best book of the kind. Price $2 
LAKESHORE 
Rugged Healthy 
WHOLESALE PRICES 
FREIGHT PAID 
Lakeshore Nurseries 
Box 110 GIRARD, PENNA. 
APPLE 
2 yr., lOO 
8-4 ft. #5.00 
PEACH 
2-8 tt. #8.75 
CATALPA 
Trees 
I am the only grower who sells 
j direct to farmers under a guarantee to 
refund ten times the cost price, if trees 
prove not to be true speciosa. 
Write for FREE booklet telling about 
my 150 acre grove I am growing for Tele¬ 
phone poles. Satisfied customers every¬ 
where. Writetoday. Planting time is here 
H. C. ROGERS BOX ll MECHAHICSBURG, Q. 
r Dug to order FRUIT TREES*^ 
Direct from 
Grower to 
You. Prompt 
Careful 
Service. 
Heavily Rooted 
Guaranteeing 
Full Vitality 
and Unusual 
Sturdiness. 
The famous uplands ol Groveland, York State, have soil 
and climate advantages peculiarly favorable for growing 
hardy, high-quality Fruit Trees, Plants, and Shrubs. We dig 
to order only from our own extensive stock. No eto. ago, 
no rehandllng-beavily rooted, carefully protected, guaran¬ 
teeing health ami unusual vitality. True-to-name varieties 
absolutely Rttre-A 1*I*LE, PFAIt, PEACH 
C1II RRY, PLUM, ETC. No San Jose Scale 
or other disease known. Send for FREE 
CATALOG, Special Bargain Selections 
and Freight Prepaid Terms. / Address\ 
GROVELAND NURSERIES V Ortice ) 
^lO^Mmquoi^ldio^J-llJFFAUMM^ 
200,000 AppleTrees-^\*£ 
To offer for Spring—While they last, will sell 
First-class, 2-yr. 5-7 ft., 20c. eacb. 100 for $11.00 
Medium Grade. 4-5 " 15c. " 100 " 8.00 
Third Grade. 3-4 " 10c. ” 100 " 5 00 
60 at 100 rate. Send for my free catalogue of all kinds of Nursery 
stock. John W. Finn's TYhoiesalo Nurt«ries,Box 144,Daasvlile,3.T. 
EXTRA-STRONG, VIGOROUS NURSERY STOCK 
Onr stock for 11)14 is as good as there is on the market, and our assortment complete. Good, clean, 
healthy stock of our own growing and guaranteed true to name. There are no better goods to be 
offered at less money. They can't be grown cheaper. Complete assortment of small fruits, 
tree fruits, ornamental trees, plants, vines and roses. Get our prices before you 
order elsewhere; you will save money by so doing. Our Illustrated catalogue is tree. Write 
for it today. We do Landscape Work in all its branches. 
T. J. DWYER & CO., ORANGE COUNTY NURSERIES, Box 1, Cornwall, N. Y. 
TRUE TO NAME—FREE FROM DISEASE 
Mr. Fruit Grower, you are looking for the best—Apple, Pear, Peach. Plum, 
Cherry, and Quince Trees you can Huy- 
Kelly Trees are scld at Growers’ Prices—shipped direct from our own nurseries 
in Dullsville and guaranteed sturdy, free from disease and true to name. 
For ‘27 years we have had the name of knowing how to grow trees right. 
From seedling to freight car wo watch onr own trees personally and know we 
are shipping just what yon order. We have an up-to-date nursery plant and 
can ship all orders promptly, as well as grow and ship at a low cost. We give 
you every advantage on price. 
Write for your Catalog TODA Y, and Order Early. 
KELLY BROS., WHOLESALE NURSERIES, 129 Main St., Dansville, N. Y. 
