384 
TUB RURA1* NEW-YORKER 
Mar l) 7, 
140-EGG 
Ironclad 
• GtmmcD urn 
INSULATED BOW 
REDWOOD 
ASBESTOS 
rpAOf MARK 
| Incubator 
| Don’t classthis 
jblg, all metal 
Jcovered.depend- 
s able hatcher with 5-Year 
cheaply construe- Cuarantee 
ted machines. Ironclads are not 
covered with cheap tin or other 
thin metal and painted like some 
do to covet up poor quality of material. 
Ironclads are shipped in the natural color 
—you can see exactly what you arc ircttintr. Don't 
buy any incubator until you know what it is made lot. 
Note these Ironclad speciiications. Gcnuin California Rod- 
-J a--» 1 _ -* ' * 
Wins in the Two 
BIGGEST HATCHING 
Contests Ever Held 
Why take chances with untried machines when for only 
.,$10 we guarantee to del 1 ver safely, al 1 freight charges paid 
““ (East of Rockies) ROTH of these big prize winning ma¬ 
chines full; equipped, set up ready for use? Why not 
own an Ironclad—the only incubator that has for two 
years in succession won in the greatest hatching 
contests ever held. In the last contest conducted by 
Missouri Valley fanner and Nebraska Fann Journal, 
2000 machines were entered, including practically every 
make, style and price. With HO egg Ironclad—the 
same machine we offer with Brooder, freight paid, for 
^only $10, Mrs. C. F. Merrick, Lockney, Texas, hatched 148 
chicks from 148 eggs in the last contest. 
DAYS’ FREE TRIAL 
30 
Money back If not satisfied. 
Large 
wood, triple walls, asbestos lining*, galvanized iron covering. r — D . f 
egg tray, extra deep chick nursery—hot water too heat, copper tanks 1 
and boiler, self regulator, Tycos Thermometer, grlaf^ in door and 
many other special advantages fully explained in Free Catalog. Write for it TODAY or order direct from this advertisement. 
140 
Chick 
Brooder 
IRONCLAD INCUBATOR COMPANY, Box 121, RACINE, WIS. 
Of Oil 
Think of the money saving! Only 
one gallon of oil for a hatch. Oth¬ 
ers require five gallons. X-Ray saves 
you 75c to $1.25 on every hatch. 
Outhatches any other because it is 
the only one with lamp rightly 
f ilaced. Distributes heat cven- 
y to every part of egg cham¬ 
ber. This great improve¬ 
ment patented. We pay 
the freight. 
of the work saving! Other 
have to be filled evegy 
during hatch. X-Ray 
is automatically regulated. 
Incubatorl 
Send for FREE Book No. 32. It 
tells about the X-Ray, which ia 
bringing success to thousands, i 
X-Ray brooders give chicks 
best start. Write today. 
X-Ray Incubator Co. 
De* Moines, Iowa 
WmJncubatorUfi 
and Brooder B r°oV h III 
H Ordered Together. 
Freight paid eaat of 
Kockiea. Hot water, 
copper tanka, double 
walla, dead air space, double 
Redwood ■ glass doors, all set up com¬ 
plete, or 180 Egg Incubator and Brooder 
S11.50. FREE Catalogue describee them. 
Bend for it today or order direct. 
WISCONSIN INCUBATOR CO., Box 138 
Racine, Wis. 
More Poultry Money 
Poul try ra ising means big money making to every 
poultry raiser right now. Equip 
'> right with 
I Cyphers Sllteer. 
.Insure best results and big 
f hatches every time. 244 page 
. catalog free, fully illustrated. 
Write for it now. Address 
CyphersIncufaitorCo.,0.0)38 Buffalo,NY. 
Give Your Chickens Teeth 
Feed Grit—give the chicken something that grinds 
the grain in the crop and prepares food for proper 
assimilation. Oyster shells and bone are too soft 
and won’t do what Maka-Shol Grit will do. Maka- 
Shel Grit will increase weight and egg-laying, by 
helping the chicken digest all she is fed. 200lbs. 
for 11.00 f. o. b. cars. One ton at $7.00 f. o. b. care. 
Edge II 111 Silica Itoekto., Box J,Xew Brunswick. N. J- 
fl irp*C I |K*C If II | BTD Germozone, Louse Powder, 
LCC w LIWC IMLLCn, EgR Maker and other Poultry 
remedies have a succesful reputation of twenty years behind 
them. They have brought success to thousands of Poultry raisers 
and will to you. Lee’s big “New Poultry Book ”, “Reading 
Symptoms of Disease" and “Poultry Pointers free from all Lee’s 
dealers, or write direct. The New Mandy Lee Incubator is a 
real automatic hatcher. Write for catalogue. 
GEO. F. LEE CO. t 972 HARNEY ST. OMAHA, NEB. 
See ’em go for it! 
There’s nothing like H-O Steam- 
Cooked Chick Feed to whet the 
appetite of your little chicks. 
The scientific blend of health-giving 
grains is pleasant to their crops, and the 
steam-cooking makes this chick feed 
unusually easy to digest. It’s not wise 
to feed raw grain. 
H-0 Steam-Cooked 
Chick Feed 
POULTRY PAPER JSKSiS 
up-to-date ; 
tells all you want to know about care and 
management of poultry for pleasure or 
profit. Four months for 10 cents. 
POULTRY ADVOCATE, Dopt. 8H, Svrstuu, H. T. 
MacKellar’s Charcoal 
is a scientific mixture of Corn, Cut-Oatmeal, Cracked 
Wheat. Kaffir Corn, Peas and Millet — steam-cooked 
by a special process in our mill. 
Sold only in 10-lb.. 25-lb.. 50-lb. and 100-lb. ba 6 s. 
with tag showing guaranteed analysis. If you cannot get 
H-O Steam-Cooked Chick Feed, Intermediate Scratch. 
Scratch Feed, Poultry Feed, Dry Poultry Mash or Chick 
Feed, from your dealer, write for samples and prices. 
For Poultry is best. Coarse or fine granulated, also 
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers ol 
Charcoal Products. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1844 
R. MaeKELLAR’S SONS CO., Peekskill, N. Y. 
DNEY MAKING.POULTRY 
- specialty. Leading varieties pure bred 
ckens, turkeys, ducks and geese. Prize 
iners. Best stock and eggs. Lowest prices 
est farm. 29th year. Fine catalog FREE. 
M. JONES CO..Box 1 63. Molnea.ta. 
PFILE’S 65 Varieties 
r AND and Water Fowls. Farm- 
raised stock, with eggs In season. 
Send 2c for my valuable illustrated de¬ 
scriptive Poultry Book for 1914 Write 
Henry Pflle, Box B74 Freeport, III. 
The H-O Company 
Mills: 
BUFFALO, N. Y. 
John J. Campbell 
General Sales Agent 
HARTFORD, CONN. 
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE 
Half the Cost—with the 
PROFIT FARM BOILER 
With Dumping Caldron. Empties 
its kettlein one minute- Thesimnlest 
and best arrangement for cooking 
food for stock. Also make Dairy and 
Laundry Stoves, Water and 
Steam Jacket Kettles, Hog 
Scalders, Caldrons.etc. _HW8end 
for particulars and ask for circular J 
D. K. Sperry & Co., Dutavia, IR 
Handy 
Binder 
TEST the thing for pr«- 
serving files of Th* 
Rural New-Yorker. Dura¬ 
ble and cheap. Sent post¬ 
paid for 25 cents. 
The Rural New-Yorker, 
333 W. 30th S»., N. Y. City. 
K-SiiS partridges i pheasants 
Capercailzies, Black Game, Wild Turkeys. Quails, 
Rabbits, Deer, etc., for stocking purposes. Fancy 
Pheasants, Peafowl, Cranes, Storks. Beautiful 
Swans, Ornamental Geese and Ducks, Foxes, 
Squirrels, Ferrets, and all kinds of birds and 
animals. WM. J. MACKENSEN, Natural¬ 
ist, Department It), Yardley, l J a. 
TYWACANA FARMS POULTRY CO. 
Ship Eggs in this Box by Parcel Post 
The New Wright Egg Koxis the strongest and lightest pack* 
age for shipping hatching eggs or fresh table eggs. Easy to pack- 
each egg has absolute protection—cannot shake or jar. Wright boxes 
are shipped to you flat and are easily set up and packed for ship¬ 
ment to your customers. Write today for Free Booklet describ¬ 
ing The Wright Boxes ior shipping chicks and eggs. 
TYWACANA White Leghorns, Barred and White Rocks 
Book your order now for eggs or day-old ch icks. Send today 
for our free, big, beautiful catalog, describing Tywacana 
Farms Leghorns and Rocks and giving prices on chicks, 
eggs and breeding stock. Satisfaction guaranteed. 
A. E. Wright, Supt. Box 68, Farmingdale, Long Bland, N. T. 
FARMS' 
POULTRY CO. 
"4J 
The Henyard. 
Carbon Dioxide in Brooder. 3 
I claim that in brooding chicks in a 
lamp heated brooder the lamp fumes 
cause a gas which is called carbon di¬ 
oxide. My friend says 1 am wrong; it is 
not carbon dioxide, it is monoxide. He 
further says that carbon dioxide is a 
gas formed from the breath from man 
or chicks. Who is right? j. a. m. 
New York. 
Both carbon monoxide and carbon di¬ 
oxide may be found in air vitiated by¬ 
products of combustion, though the latter 
appears in much the larger quantity. The 
amount of carbon monoxide present is 
largely dependent upon the perfectness 
of combustion. It is a much more pois¬ 
onous gas than carbon dioxide, and is 
fatal in any considerable amount. It is 
given off in considerable quantities in the 
fumes of burning charcoal; in such 
quantities, in fact, that a favorite method 
of committing suicide in France has been 
to build an open lire of charcoal in the 
room and inhale the gas. (las escaping 
from a coal-burning stove contains t>.75 
per cent, of carbon dioxide and 1.34 per 
cent, of carbon monoxide. Carbon di¬ 
oxide is also, as your friend says, a 
product of respiration given off in the 
breath of animals. m. b. d. 
Age of Hen*. 
Is there any way I can tell the age 
of my hens by their appearance? I wish 
to thin out. my Hock by disposing of the 
old birds. How can I tell which they are? 
Bedford, Mass. g. p. d. 
There is no way of telling the age of 
fowls, though pullets may usually be dis¬ 
tinguished from old fowls by the brighter 
color and greater smoothness of their 
shanks, the slight development of their 
spurs, their smaller combs, their some¬ 
what smaller size and weight, and their 
general appearance of freshness as com¬ 
pared with old hens. An old hen usually 
has pale and more or less rough shanks, 
and frequently well developed spurs, they 
are usually considerably heavier also 
than young fowls, having a tendency to 
take on fat as age increases. There is 
also' a general appearance of age evident 
to one accustomed to handling fowls, but 
difficult to describe. m. n. n. 
Infertile Fggs. 
Is there any way to tell an infertile 
egg before you put it in the incubator? 
Is there tiny way to tell the sex of an 
egg? m. s. 
Florida. 
There is no way of detecting infertile 
eggs before opportunity lias been given 
for development of the germ by incuba¬ 
tion ; nor can the sex be distinguished. 
Ability to do these two things would be 
worth thousands of dollars annually to 
poultrymeu, but the very nature of 
embryonic development makes it impos¬ 
sible. M. b. n. 
Hen’s Control of Laying. 
Judging from his picture and the tone 
of his answers to queries, Geo. A. Cos¬ 
grove is a line fellow and I’d like to know 
him. He’s human, however, and does not 
seem to have learned the difference be¬ 
tween a conclusion and a fact, lie ar¬ 
rives at conclusions and states them in 
his letters as facts. He states that the 
lieu at times has the power to arrest the 
development of an egg, and she need not 
lay another until she desires to. Desire 
pre-supposes will power. I’d give con¬ 
siderable to know the process which was 
followed in arriving at the fact that the 
hen dot’s just as she likes about laying 
eggs. Tom Barron’s hens must think a 
lot of him, and they must have found 
out that he wants to come out iirst tit 
every contest. G. ir. s. 
Thanks to G. II. S. for his compli¬ 
mentary remarks about myself. lie seems 
to be somewhat mixed about “conclusions 
and facts,” or rather about my statement 
of them. I have tried the experiment 
many, many, times, of taking a laying 
hen out of my flock and shutting her up 
in :m exhibition coop m my feed house. 
Usually she would lay one egg, some¬ 
times two, then not another egg in a 
week or mure. That was the “fact.” 
Now, from this “fact,” many times re¬ 
peated, I came to the “conclusion” that 
the hen had the power to cease produc¬ 
ing eggs tit will. I never stated that the 
“conclusion” was a“factonly that it 
was my belief. Everyone who litis trans¬ 
ferred a flock of poultry to a different 
house, knows that the usual effect is a 
loss in egg production, for a week or so. 
until they get used to the house and it 
feels like home to them. But occas¬ 
ionally the new house is so much pleas¬ 
anter that the effect is an almost itn- 
medite increase in the output of eggs. 
What does G. II. S. think is the reason 
for this difference, if the will, caprice, or 
pleasure of the lieu, litis nothing to do 
with it? Is it the- shock to the nerves of 
being separated from its mates, and 
transferred to unwonted surroundings, 
that causes the cessation of egg produc¬ 
tion? Why is it that part of the pullets 
tit the contest at Storrs, stop laying after 
the first day or two, while others keep 
right on laying? 
Does a ln-u stop laying because she has 
become broody; or does she become 
broody because she has stopped laying? 
Does the lien’s will have anything to do 
with it? Hasn’t G. H. S3, seen hens 
whose “will” in the matter of broodiuess 
was mighty hard to overcome? Well, 
we’ll call it “instinct” instead of “will” 
and let it go at that. But I hope Mr. 
G. II. S. will learn to separate my “con¬ 
clusions” from my ‘’facts.” 
GEO. A. COSGROVE. 
Facts About the Laying Contest. 
I have been reading from time to time 
of the egg-laying contest, but lack in¬ 
formation as to its methods. Will you 
toll how it is governed. Are the liens 
cared for at one place, and given some 
kind of food? When you speak of Tom 
Barron’s Leghorns, does it mean they 
were raised in England? How do you ac¬ 
count for the strain being larger than 
the average U. S. Leghorns? j. o. m. 
< >regon. 
Replying to J. I). M„ I would say that 
there are 50 houses 12x12 feet strung 
along in five rows. The houses are about 
25 feet apart in the row, and the rows 
about 50 feet apart. Each house is 
divided in the middle by a partition run¬ 
ning from front to rear; part of the par¬ 
tition being made of wire netting, so as 
not to hinder free circulation of light and 
air. The houses are about feet high 
iu front and 4% feet in back. There is 
a door at each end of the front, and the 
space between the doors is boarded up 
from the ground for about three feet. 
The rest of the front is open, covered 
with wire netting only, except that there 
is a muslin curtain to drop inside when 
driving storms or extreme cold make it 
advisable. 
For the first two contests, five hens 
or pullets were put in each part, this 
year 10 are housed in each part, 20 birds 
to a house. All the birds are fed the 
same kinds of food, but the quantity fed 
is governed somewhat by the judgment of 
the attendant. If, on kicking over the 
litter, feed is seen in plenty on the floor, 
the feed hopper will be kept closed until 
that is consumed. 
When we speak of Tom Barron’s birds 
—Leghorns or Wyaudottes—we mean 
birds that were hatched and raised in Eng¬ 
land and shipped over here to the contest 
plant. As to the “strain” being larger, 
too much emphasis has been laid on that 
point; more than the facts warrant. 
There are plenty of other Leghorns in 
the contest fully as large as Barron’s. 
Barron’s Leghorns average about four 
pounds in weight. The English poultry 
fanciers have bred for larger birds, so 
that show birds are often one pound or 
more heavier than the average American- 
bred Leghorns; at least that is what I 
have been informed. Mr. Barron thinks 
this increase of size is an error; he says 
that his best layers are nearly always the 
smaller birds. I have noticed the same 
thing in Wyaudottes in ray own yards. 
And in this connection it* is interesting 
to note that the best layer in the contest 
just closed at Mountain Grove, Mo., was 
a Rose Comb White Leghorn pullet that 
weighed only 2% pounds. She laid 12 
times her own weight, in eggs. The eggs 
had to be of marketable size, or they were 
not counted. When chicks from vigorous 
stock are hatched early and fed all they 
can eat. and have proper surroundings 
and good care, the tendency is to increase 
of size. I raised a White Wyandotte hen 
that weighed just 10 pounds; three 
pounds above the proper weight, but in 
the same flock was a “bum” looking 
Wyandotte—speaking from a fancier’s 
standpoint—less than five pounds iu 
weight, that would outlay the big one 
two to one; in fact was about the best 
layer I ever owned, geo. a. COSGROVE. 
Corncobs for Litter. 
1. 1 intend breaking up corncobs into 
pieces about an inch long and then scat¬ 
tering them about two or three inches 
deep for litter for the chickens to scratch 
in. Is there tiny fault to be found with 
my idea? Would it hurt the chickens’ 
feet or be unsatisfactory in any way to 
your mind? 2. 1 keep the Cornell mash 
before my chickens all the time, and 
feed thorn cracked corn and wheat nights 
and mornings. How much would you 
feed to each 100 birds, night and morn¬ 
ing, and bow much of each, cracked corn 
and wheat would you use? I have about 
250 >S. C. W. Leghorns and feed them 
six quarts (three corn and three wheat! 
mornings, and 10 quarts (four wheat and 
six cracked corn) evenings, also scatter 
about three quarts of buckwheat to them 
at noon to keep them busy. Can you 
suggest any improvements with my grain 
feeding, as to quantity fed or quantity 
of each used? W. J. L. 
Middletown, N. Y. 
1. Corncobs do not make an altogether 
satisfactory litter, though broken up as 
you suggest, they might answer the pur¬ 
pose in the absence of anything better. 
They are not good absorbents and soon 
become filthy and are very disagreeable 
under foot. Straw, leaves, cut corn fod- 
der, or similar soft, absorbent materials 
tire superior. 2. The only improvement 
in your rations for hens that I would 
suggest is the addition of oats, if they 
are available. Your method of feeding 
is good, and you have probably adapted 
the quantities to the needs of your fowls. 
The Cornell Station suggests that the 
fowls should eat about half as much dry 
mash as whole grain, by weight, and that 
the amount of mash eaten be regulated by 
limiting or increasing the amount of 
whole grain given. M. b. d. 
