1914. 
403 
APPLES ON LONG ISLAND. 
Part II. 
Trees to Plant. —For low-head trees 
special orders must be given the 
nurseries, as in this section they trim 
trees higli in the nurseries. Rub off all 
buds below the point limbs are desired, 
say 2% feet, and cut off top at desired 
height, say four feet, cut out all limbs 
except three to five at desired points and 
cut limbs left back to about six inches 
long. Trim and cut off injured roots and 
plant. I recommend trees for planting 
one-half to five-eighths inch in diameter, 
four to five feet high. 
Sod Mulch or Cultivation. —I have 
tried both and have concluded that culti¬ 
vation with cover crop is the best for my 
conditions here. I have lost several 
hundred trees from mice under sod mulch. 
The mice eat the bark from the roots 
for several feet from the trunk in all 
directions. 
Manure Or Fertilizers. —Manure is 
good when trees are young, but when 
bearing age approaches for this section 
fertilizers give best results in connection 
with cover crops or cultivation. 
Spraying. —This is a necessity here. 
I use two power sprayers and when pos¬ 
sible keep them both at work, but have 
one for use in case the other breaks 
down, as they often do. Diseases here 
are mostly scab and orange rust. In¬ 
sects are scale, canker worm, Codling 
moth and aphis, the latter occasionally 
is the most persistent. 
Trimming.- —Trees are trimmed some¬ 
what open to air and light, by removal 
of whole branches as much as possible; 
do not trim too much. Mounding as a 
protection against mice 
mended; if you mound 
remove in Spring and 
mound up new again, 
mound up, as the wind 
is in ueh recom- 
up around trees 
then next Fall 
If not do not 
causes the tree 
to make an opening in the top of the 
mound in which the mice get at the tree 
above and below the ground and the 
mound protects the mice and not the tree. 
Cover Crops. —I have tried cow peas, 
Soy beans, clover, vetch and turnips. 
All are good; this last year I planted 
Crimson clover and turnips, which will 
be turned under with the natural growth 
of grass and weeds in the Spring. 
Varieties. —My list of varieties test¬ 
ed is very long, 10 times as many as 
there should be. When I began planting 
12 years ago there were many varieties 
recommended, and this was a compara¬ 
tively new apple section, so I planted 
many varieties, though comparatively 
few for main trees. The newer varieties 
were mostly planted as fillers, so even 
if many or most of them are comparative¬ 
ly worthless, some few are very good, 
and in the long run we gain from the 
knowledge obtained. I will go through 
my list as planted and give my opinion 
based upon my experience with the vari¬ 
eties on Long Island. Of these varieties 
several were supplied by the nurseries in 
place of varieties ordered without my 
consent or knowledge. My comments ap¬ 
ply to this section and class of soils; in 
other localities different results on some 
varieties would be obtained. In most 
cases 20 or more trees of a variety were 
planted. 
Alexander: trees make fair growth, 
fruit red, large, showy, but not abundant, 
not desirable. 
Akin: trees make good growth, fruit 
red, small, bear well, not desirable be¬ 
cause of small size. 
Arkansas Black: trees make good 
growth, fruit dark red, medium in size, 
bear well, poor quality, not desirable. 
Baldwin: trees make good growth, 
fruit red, medium to large, good quality, 
keep well. Trees slow to bear; from be¬ 
tween 300 to 400 Baldwin trees planted 
as main trees only about three barrels 
of fruit were obtained. They are not yet 
ready to bear. From trees in the neigh¬ 
borhood and my own fruit as obtained so 
far the Baldwin is one of the best trees 
to plant here. 
Ben Davis: trees make good growth, 
fruit medium to large, red, fair quality, 
good bearer annually; one of the best 
apples for commercial use either as main 
trees or fillers. 
Black Ben Davis: trees make good 
growth, fruit dark red, fair quality, sim¬ 
ilar to but not as good a keeper as Ben 
Davis. Fruit medium, not as desirable 
as Ben Davis. 
Benoni: tree good grower, upright, 
THE RURAL 
fruit red, good quality small, season 
Summer, production every other year, 
sells fairly well, but too small; not de¬ 
sirable. 
Bismarck: trees moderate growers, 
fruit red, large to medium; poor to fair 
quality; season October to November. 
Good Fall apple for fillers, but not de¬ 
sirable for main trees. 
Beach (Apple of Commerce) : trees 
good growers, apple small to medium, 
red, fair quality, not desirable. 
Boiken: trees fair growers, fruit yel¬ 
low, medium to large, good quality, sea¬ 
son Fall, not desirable commercially. 
Coffelt: trees moderate growers, fruit 
red, small to medium, poor quality, not 
desirable. 
Chicago: trees moderately vigorous, 
fruit red, medium size, poor quality, not 
productive; not desirable. 
Champion: trees moderate growers, 
fruit red, medium size, fair quality, pro¬ 
ductive, good keeper; good for filler as it 
bears young. Not desirable for main 
trees. 
Red Canada: trees moderately vigor¬ 
ous, fruit red, small to medium, fair 
quality; not productive, not desirable. 
Charlamoff: tree poor grower, Sum¬ 
mer apple, poor quality, not desirable. 
Duchess of Oldenburg: tree poor grow¬ 
er, fruit striped red, medium good qual¬ 
ity, suitable for filler; bears well and 
young, not desirable for main trees; sea¬ 
son late Summer. 
Detroit Red : trees good growers, fruit 
red, large, good quality, early Fall; fair¬ 
ly productive, not desirable. 
Delicious: trees good growers, apples 
red, small to medium, high quality, good 
keepers, bears biennually; fruit subject 
to scab; one of the best Winter apples 
for family use, but not desirable com¬ 
mercially in this section. 
Esopus Spitzenburg: trees good grow¬ 
ers, fruit red, fine quality, beginning to 
bear 1913, very good for this section. 
Early Harvest: trees good growers, 
fruit small to medium, sweet, yellow, not 
desirable. 
Early Melon: trees fair growers, not 
productive, fruit large, yellow, fair qual¬ 
ity, not desirable. 
Fameuse: trees good growers, fruit 
red, small to medium, fine quality, season 
late Fall; good bearers, desirable. 
Fallawater: tree fair grower, fruit 
yellow, large, not good bearers, not de¬ 
sirable. 
Fall Pippin: trees fair growers, fruit 
yellow, large, fine quality, Season Fall, 
poor bearers when young; a desirable 
Fall apple. 
Florence Crab: trees fair growers, 
fruit red, medium to large, for a crab, 
bears abundantly, a good crab apple, sea¬ 
son Fall, desirable for a crab. 
PETER ELBERT NOSTRAND. 
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