416 
Live Stock and Dairy 
THE HEAVY FEEDING COW. 
On page 1305, “Why is the Purebred 
Better Than the Scrub?” H. E. Mern, in 
discussing, compares cow No. 27 with 
cow No. 62, an experiment conducted at 
the Missouri Experiment Station. In 
his conclusions he says: “If No. 27 had 
been limited in feed to amount eaten by 
No. 62, her production would have been 
reduced practically to that of No. 62.” 
Do I understand him to say that if both 
cows were fed same amount of grain they 
would practically have produced alike? 
The point I am desirous of having ex¬ 
plained is, did the amount more produced 
by No. 27 over No. 62 pay a profit on 
the more feed consumed? Cow No. 27 
produced more than cow No. 62, but 
she also consumed more. Did the value 
of the extra production leave any balance 
after the value of extra feed consumed 
was paid? If I have two cows fed alike 
they will produce alike. Now one cow 
has a greater capacity for consuming 
feed. I give her more feed and get a 
greater product. The product is sold. 
I use the extra money to pay the extra 
feed. Who is benefited? It looks to me 
as if the feed man is. What benefit is 
that to me? The voidings of the cow 
may be worth more, but more labor was 
required, which will naturally offset the 
gain there. If I get an extra $5 for the 
extra production by feeding an extra $5 
worth of wealth all the pleasure I have 
is passing the .$5 from creamery man to 
mill man. That is doing business, but 
who can raise a family on such business, 
let alone the paying of interest, depre¬ 
ciation and taxes? The more concrete 
examples we have the clearer will be the 
horizon. j. f. f. 
Ohio. 
In answer to J. F. F., I will say that 
he is right in understanding me to say 
that the two cows would have produced 
practically alike if they had been given 
the same amount of feed. I will say 
further that in keeping cows which can 
consume and utilize a large amount of 
feed he is not only passing money from 
the creamery to the mill man, but he is 
also taking out a toll which will get the 
piano and pay for the music lessons for 
his girls and send his boys to college. I 
think a little more exhaustive examina¬ 
tion of the figures from that Missouri ex¬ 
periment than I could put in the article 
will make this clear, and will also make 
it clear that this extra feed is the feed 
which produces the gain. To do this I 
shall introduce here some figures which 
because of the space they would take 
and the tediousness they would intro¬ 
duce, I could not put in the article. 
First let me show that the cow, No. 
27, which ate the most feed really made 
the most profit for her owner: 
POUNDS OF FEED EATEN AND PUTTER 
FAT PRODUCED. 
Green 
Grain Hay Silage Feed 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
March 14, 
No. 27. 
No. 62. 
J 
Feed . 
3424 
2904 
8778 
Lbs. butter 
fat 
409 
Food per lb. 
but- 
ter fat . 
7.3 
6.2 
18.7 
Feed . 
1907 
1098 
5088 
Lbs. butter 
fat 
109 
Feed per lb. 
but- 
ter fat ., 
11.3 
10 
30.1 
9.2 
12.4 
It is evident from this that the cow 
which ate the more feed during the year 
actually ate less per pound of butterfat 
which she produced. The same compari¬ 
son would be made, using the milk pro¬ 
duction to measure by, and it would tell 
the same story. From this it should be 
plain that the heavy eating cow produces 
more than enough extra to pay for the 
extra feed, although at the same time it 
may not seem reasonable. I think, how¬ 
ever, that a careful examination of the 
facts will make it seem not only reason¬ 
able but almost inevitable. 
The food of warm-blooded animals may 
be divided into two portions, according 
to the ultimate use made of it, a main¬ 
tenance portion, and a portion with 
which growth is made, fat laid on, pro¬ 
ducts elaborated, or work done. An an¬ 
imal’s temperature must be kept at ap¬ 
proximately 98 deg. Fahr., and it must 
do a certain amount of muscular exercise 
—walking about the lots, masticating 
food, etc. It takes a certain amount of 
food to furnish the energy for these 
things. This is the maintenance portion. 
If now, we feed a maintenance ration, 
the animal can live comfortably, but 
cannot lay on fat, and cannot do work or 
elaborate products, such as milk, except 
at the expense of its own body tissue. 
If, instead, we feed one pound more than 
a maintenance ration, there is one pound 
which can be used for production—be it 
wool, milk, growth, fat, or work. If we 
feed two pounds extra, there are two 
pounds which can be used for production. 
Now, note that we have doubled the pro¬ 
ductive portion of the feed, but ice have 
not doubled the entire ration. The main¬ 
tenance requirement remains practically 
constant. The following rabies and dia¬ 
gram show how this worked out in the 
Missouri experiment: 
PORTION OF RATION AVAILABLE FOR 
MILK PRODUCTION. 
Green 
Grain Hay Silage Feed 
f Consumed during 
year . 3424 2904 8778 4325 
1 Maintenance for 
No. 27. year . 1201 1204.5 4818 
Available for 
milk produc¬ 
tion . 2223 1099.5 3900 4325 
Consumed during 
year . 1907 1098 5088 2102 
Maintenance for 
No. 62. year . 1000 1000 4292 
I Available for 
I milk produc- 
l tion . 841 032 790 2102 
RATIOS BETWEEN FAT PRODUCED AND 
AVAILABLE FEED. 
No. 62 No. 27 
Available feed . l 2.04 
Fat production ... l 2.77 
Maintenance Used for Milk production 
35% of ration 05% of ration 
No. 27. 
Maintenance Used for milk production 
55.8% of ration 44.2% of ration 
No. 62. 
Thus we see that while the mainten¬ 
ance rations were nearly the same (some¬ 
what in favor of No. 62, to be exact) 
and while No. 62 really produced a little 
more butterfat per pound of feed avail¬ 
able for milk production, she ate so lit¬ 
tle feed that this amount was very much 
less than in the case of No. 27. She ate 
something more than half as much as 
No. 27, but the amount which she had 
available for production was considerably 
less than half what 27 had. It is reason¬ 
able, therefore to expect a production in 
proportion. In other words, we should 
expect production not in proportion to 
the total amount fed, but in proportion 
to the amount eaten and assimilated 
after the maintenance requirement is 
met; and we should expect the last pound 
so disposed of to make the largest profit. 
There are one or two things that this 
experiment does not show, however. (1) 
It does not show that we should feed 
liberally and then select the animals that 
eat the most, because some animals have 
poor digestive and assimilative powers, 
and much of what they eat is voided. 
What we should do is to feed liberally 
and then select those animals which pro¬ 
duce valuable commodities at the least 
cost. They will almost always be the 
highest producers and the heaviest feed¬ 
ers. (2) Neither does it show that un¬ 
der ordinary circumstances it is good 
practice to pamper the appetites of ani¬ 
mals in order to induce large consump¬ 
tion of feed, because then the extra care 
and high price of feed will often be so 
great as to render the returns inadequate 
to produce a profit. In fitting animals 
for show or in making a record of some 
kind this practice is necessary, but such 
conditions are unusual. 
The experiment does show, though, 
and I should like to repeat it, that in 
genera], the greater the ration the great¬ 
er the production; and that you don’t 
know what a good animal can do until 
you have fed a heavy ration. As long as 
you feed but little more than a mainten¬ 
ance ration you cannot tell the good 
animals from the poor ones. 
H. E. MERN. 
Value of Silage. 
M hat is the value of green corn per 
ton when cut and delivered to the silo 
ready to cut, when Alfalfa hay is worth 
from .$12 to $14 per ton and carrots $5 
to $6 per ton? Oats $1 to $1.25 per 
hundred, bran $1 per hundred, straw 
$2 per load. As a rule our corn does not 
mature sufficiently to make a good crop 
of ear corn. G . M . b. 
Silage in the silo is usually figured at 
about one third the value of good hay, or, 
ordinarily, at from $3 to $4 per ton. The 
expense of operating the cutter would 
have to be deducted from this in order 
to calculate the value of the corn de¬ 
livered to the silo. By dividing the cost 
of the cutter and its operator per hour 
by the number of tons that it will elevate 
into the silo in that time, working under 
normal conditions, you will get the 
amount to be deducted from the ton price 
of silage to find the value of the green 
corn. It might be calculated in other 
ways, as by adding a fair profit to the 
cost of production of the corn, if that 
were known. Where such transactions 
are common, values become fixed by com¬ 
mon consent and are worked out to a 
fair basis, but it is difficult sometimes 
in unusual transactions to arrive at a 
just basis for compensation, m. b. d. 
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For 20 years it has watched imitators come and go, but 
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It is today being fed and recommended by Agricultural 
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Insist on having Molassine Meal y as nothing else will 
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If your regular grain dealer will not supply you, write us— 
in fact, write us anyway, for we are quite sure we can improve 
your feeding ration. _ 
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