438 
THE RURAiv N SW-YORKER 
20 , 000,000 
STRAWBERRY 
PI ANTX Strictly 
I Will I kJ Thoroughbred 
20 th Century Catulos FKLK. 
TELLS EVERYTHING 
110 varieties to select from. 
Trices low (or quality Plants. 
F. W. Townsend, SalLbury.Md. I>ept.'25 
FRUIT 
FUNTS 
For over thirty years KNIGHT’S PLANTS have 
been makinsr bur money for our customers. This 
season we are o^erintr a prize of 
fir^.GO §N GOLD PREE 
for the most productive strawberry patch. Thjg 
contest is fully explained in our KNIGHT’S 
BOOK ON SMALL FRUITS. It's FREE. Write 
for a coiv today before supply is exhausted. 
DAVID KNK5HT & SD^*» Box 310, Sawyer, Mich. 
NEW VARIETIES OF STRAWBERRIES 
One of the largest and best we be¬ 
lieve yet offered to the public is the 
Joe Johnson. For$1.50 wo will send 
100 of this variety postpaid. Write 
for our catalogue. 100 otlior varie¬ 
ties. Millions of plants. Great 
money makers. 
WILKINS & COMPANY 
Wilkins Bids. 
SALISBURY, MARYLAND. 
“Strawberry Plants That Grow” 
including the BEST of the FALL-BEARERS. Also 
RASPBERRY, BLACKBERRY, CUKRANT lUld GRAPE 
PLANTS ill assortment. CATALOG FREE. 
C. £. WHITTEN, Box 11, Bridgman, Mich. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS *0°°$° 
Guaranteed as good as any plants. All kinds and 
overbearers listed. Also raspberries, blackberries, 
shrubs, trees, asparagus.toinatoand eabbageplants. 
Catalogue free. ALLEGAN NURSERY, Allegan, Michigan 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS 
Millions of them! the kinds that put dollars 
in yourpocket. No. 1 stock seed corn, 214 bushels per 
acre; Asparagus Hoots. Second crop seed Potatoes, 
etc. My lUt h Annual Catalog.worth dollars, sent free. 
JOHN IV. IIAl.l., - Marlon Station, Maryland 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS 
We have eight that have been selected out of a 
bundled; eight that are TRUE BLUE. If you wish 
that kind send for our 1914 catalogue. Do not cost 
any morn than common slock. ROMANCE SEED, PLANT 
AND TRUCK FARMS, Caleb Boggs & Sou, Cheswold, Delaware 
MILLIONS 
paragus roots, etc. 
J. KEIFFORD HALL, 
OF STRAWBERRY PLARTS 
for sale, true to name. As- 
Seud for FREE catalogue. 
Dept. 2, RHODESDALE, MD. 
Strawberry Plants' 
PLANTS. DIRECT FROM GROWER 
75 varieties, Strawberries, Rasp¬ 
berries, Blackberries, etc. Honest 
goods. Prices reasonable. Write us. 
A. G. BLOUNT, Box 122, Hastings, N. Y. 
the new Standpat Everbearing Strawberry 
and other important new varieties. 
Our 2lst annual catalog now ready. 
C.N.FLANMBUliGU & SON,Jackson, Mich. 
WHOLESALE PRICES 
I on Strawberry Plants. Many other varieties and canJeo roots 
at reasonable prices. Catalogue FREE. Write today to 
A. C, WESTON & COMPANY. BRIDGMAN, MICHIGAN 
c —over Twenty Varieties at 
* $2.50 per 1000. Descriptive 
Catalogue Free. BASIL PERRY, Georgetown, Delaware 
Headquarters for Fall-Bearing Strawberry Piauts. 
3,000,000 Strawberry Planted® 
per 1,000. A customer sxyK: ”1 am well pleased. Never had 
nieerStriuvberry Hants. Marlin N.ve, Hummelstown, Pa.’ 
AH the best varieties. Satisfaction and safe delivery guar 
anteed. Wholesale and lielail Catalogue free. Write to¬ 
day and save money. C. S. I’FKIH F. Itox 20. Sho«>rll. aid. 
CTR A W IS KItRT PLA NTS-Guaranteed trne-to- 
w name. Best varieties r.t reasonable prices. Cata¬ 
logue Free E. W. JOHNSON 8 BR0-, Salisbury. Maryland 
CT. REGIS RASPBERRY. Ward Blackberry, best varie- 
w ties Strawberries, including Fall-bearing. Other 
varieties of small Frait Plants and Vines, at right 
prices. Send for price list Cuas. Black. Hightstown, A J. 
Sweet Potato Seed & Plants 
Wahrheim Farm Strain Jersey Yellow. 
Selected for shape, size, color'and pro¬ 
ductiveness. Guaranteed free from 
black and stem rot. Send for circular 
and testimonials. 
GEO. H. LIEPE, Cologne, N. J. 
ftloriinli fines! Varieties, 
mdUIOll Large.Medium and 
Planting Sizes— Rare imported Novelties. 
DAHLIAS dry roots,up-to-date vari- 
-eties, with planting in¬ 
structions Free. Write for Catalogue. 
Vaughan’s Seed Store 
31-33 VY. Randolph Street, CHICAGO 
fil Afllfl! I Rill R9 _Vei 'y Finost Low prices. A 
uLAUiULI DULDO reason. BECK 8 BECK. Piqua, Ohio 
ORDER NOW POMEROY ENGLISH WALNUT 
L/IYULR 11UYY TREES. Obtainable only through 
the growers. Drop postal now for free illustrated 
booklet of facts desired. DANIEL N. POMEROY, Box 18, 
English TValnnt Farms, Lockport, N. Y. 
NORWAY MAPLE 
Best block in Pennsylvania; 10,000 trees to select 
from; sizes 8 to 10 and 10 to 12 feet. 
Let me quote you delivered prices. 
JAS. A. PATTERSON, 
(Old Patterson Nurseries) Stewartstown, Pa. 
Sturdy heavily-rooted FRUIT TREES 
Fresh, liijch-prad© Stoek direct from Grower to Tou. 
Wide variety in choice, hardy, anti true-to-name Fruits crown 
on the famous uplands of (Jroveland, N. Y. Duff to order only 
with wealth of roots ffuaranteeinff full vitality 
and fine healthy growth. No San Jose scale, 
no disease, no disappointment of any kind. 
Send for Frke Catalog, Special Bargain 
Selections and Freight Prepaid Terms. 
GROVELAND nurseries 
(Office) 409-C Iroquois Bldg., Bllffnto, A.T. 
20 Elberta Peach Trees 
for $1.00 by Parcel Post, Prepaid 
Pruned ready to plant: satisfaction guaranteed. 
Order at once and write for pricos on full line of 
Nursery Stock, sold direct to planters, at less than 
half the usual prices. 
NEW HAVEN NURSERIES 
Dept. F. New Haven, Mo. 
Hill’s Evergreens Grow 
I Best for windbreaks. Protect crops and stock. 
] Keep house and barn warmer—save fuel—save 
■ feed. Hill’s evergreens are hardy, nursery- 
I grown—low priced. Get Hill's free illustrated 
I evergreen book and list of Great Bargain Of- 
Ifcrs—from $4.50 up per Thousand. 56 years 
I experience. World’s largest growers. Write. 
J I). HILL NURSERY UO., Inc* 
1.212 Cedar SU, Dundee, Ills. Spcciaugta, 
FRUIT TREES 
Are yon in need of Fruit, Shade or Or¬ 
namental Trees; Shrubs, Hoses, or Berry 
Plants; Spray Pumps, Lime-Sulphur, 
Arsenate of Lead, or Scalecide? Write 
Calls’ Nurseries, Perry Ohio, for Price 
List. They deal direct with their cus¬ 
tomers and thousands of our best fruit 
growers are their customers. 
We grow our trees 
puuranP’ethem healthy, 
hardy and true: sell 
them at reasonable 
rates, direct from 
nursery ; and deliver the 
size yon pay for. 
GEORGE A. SWEET 
NURSERY COMPANY 
20 Maple St., DiinsvUle, N. Y. 
APPLE TREES $12.00 Per 100 
quality, healthy, grown by us, guaranteed true to name. 
Write for special prices on all frnit trees, freight paid. 
Buy direct and get the best at lowest cost. Illustrated 
Catalog free. Henton. Williams A Denton, Whole¬ 
sale Nurserymen, SU, Elm Street, Ouimvilic, K. V. 
TREES, SHRUBS AND PLANTS 
by the millions, quality guaranteed, 1 and 2 rear 
APPLE also PEACH trees, ASPARAGUS, 00WNING GOOSE¬ 
BERRIES, PRIVET HEDGING, etc. Ask for our new Cat¬ 
alogue with attractive prices. TUB \VKS’fltl IN- 
STJilt NUKSKKY, Box 129. Westminster, Md. 
450,000 
TREES 
200 varieties. Also Grapes, Small Frnlts, etc. Best rooted 
stock, tienuine, cheap. 2 sample currants—10c. Desc- 
price list free. LEWIS KOESCII, Box 1), Fredonia, N. Y. 
GRAPE VINES 
Gooseberries, Currants. Best 
varieties—finest grade of stock. For 
the home garden—for the vineyard. 
Book on Grape Culture—Free 
Contains valuable, practical Information — 
planting, cultivating, pruning. Every grape 
grower needs 1L Wnte today for free copy. 
T.S. Hubbard Co., Box 34. Fredonia, N.Y. 
Trees—Plants—Vines 
in small or large lots at wholesale 
prices. Catalog and Green's Fruit 
Book—FREE. Green’s Nursery Co. 
46 Wall St., Rochester, N. 7. 
I? Q I ’“Wilsons” Soy Boons, $2.75 Bushel 
a Ol Oaie (’Off Pens.$2 25 to 2.50 “ 
Crimson Clover Seed... 4 00 ” 
Rod Clover Seed $8 50 to 9 50 “ 
JOSEPH E. HOLLAND, Milford, Del. 
All varieties shipped, 
I'iroet Freight Prepaid. 
Click’s Seed Farms, Box 1G, Smoke! own. J’a. 
SWEET CLOVER SEED^ j^.^ 
and circular how to 
grow it, sent on request. E. Barton, Box 29, Falmouth, Ky. 
Medium and Mammoth Ctovensf^As"*^ 
Alfalfa, hardy Northern non-irrigated seed. All high 
in germination and purity teste. Prices and samples 
freely furnished. MACE 8 MANSFIELD, Greenville, Ohio 
We are among the At PI HVPR in this country 
largest growers ol MLul XL uluvlii and offer good 
clean seed. Bushel. $11: half bushel. $5.75; peek, $3 
C. J. BALDRIDGE, HOMESTEAD FARM, KENDAIA, NEW YORK 
CLOVER SEED 
That s what they'll exclaim and then quickly buy—at a good price— 
all such delicious berries you can produce. It pays to raise large v 
beautiful true-to-name standard varieties of berries such as 
ALLEN’S Strawberry Plants Yield So Heavily 
Your success is assured if you start right with ALLEN'S hardy, prolific, 
correctly grow-n berry plants. All the early and late strains of standard varie- 
ties for every soil and climate requirement. Over 120 acres devoted to straw¬ 
berry culture alone at the ALLEN Nurseries, 29 years successful experience 
growing berry plants of the best quality. 
Shipments Prompt and Guaranteed in Good Condition 
ALLEN S plants are carefully selected and packed for shipment. They arc 
fresh and guaranteed truc-to-naiue. 
Send for ALLEN’S 1014 Book of Berries 
It’s full of valuable information to fruit growers. Lists and describes Allen’s 
complete line of Strawberries, Raspberries. Blackberries, Currants, Grapes, 
Asparagus, etc. Tcils how to grow small fruit profitably. A copy will be 
Sent FREE. Write today. 
\V. F. ALLEN, 72 Market Street, Salisbury. Md. 
THE PRUNING OF APPLE TREES. 
Part III. 
When using the sheai's keep the blades 
next to the tree or limb you are remov¬ 
ing growth from and you will do a clean 
job. Always cut close. If you wish 
to know the reason for this just go to the 
tree itself for your answer. Now for 
a few hints that will help you interpret 
the plain English the trees have been 
shouting for ages. 
There are six sections or parts to a 
limb or twig. Starting from the center 
we find first the pith, second the xylem 
or wood as we call it. which forms the 
bulk of the limb and carries the crude 
sap from the roots to the twigs and 
leaves; third, the cambium layer which 
contains, the growing cells; fourth, the 
phloem, which conveys elaborate sap from 
the leaves to any part of the tree need¬ 
ing the food; fifth, the cortex, which con¬ 
tains the green substance called chloro- 
phyl, which is one of the factors in the 
elaboration of the crude sap; sixth, the 
epidermis, which covers and protects the 
inner cells. You will readily see that 
when a cut is made on the side of a limb 
the material to cover it must come from 
the leaves above the cut. The tree in 
growing tends to form direct passages 
for sap from leaves to roots, thus mak¬ 
ing the lines of growth flow around such 
obstacles as side limbs or stubs. When 
the side limb is removed close to the 
main limb or trunk, there will be a 
tendency to bridge over this cut so as to 
straighten the course of the sap. Hence 
you will find that most of the healing 
of a cut is done from the sides and very 
little at the top or bottom. 
By studying a few old cuts one can 
see the importance of careful and close 
cutting. When pruning young trees it 
pays to use a little extra care and cut 
just above a bud pointing in the direc¬ 
tion the future limb should grow. It 
will-take very little, if any, more time 
and gives a much better shaped tree. It 
is not difficult to induce some trees to 
form open spreading heads, while others 
have such poor habits of growth that it 
is almost impossible to produce a well 
formed head. Golden Sweet and Williams 
Red are typical of the first class, while 
Duchess of Oldenburg and Yellow Trans¬ 
parent are among the worst of the lat¬ 
ter. The Red Astrachan comes in as a 
happy medium and it is a real pleasure 
to prune such naturally well balanced 
trees. They need little pruning aside 
from heading in an occasional leading 
branch and keeping the center from get¬ 
ting too crowded. 
The Williams Red gives an open 
though not a naturally well formed head, 
but owing to its tendency to continue 
growth in tbe direction the bud pointed, 
is not a difficult tree to train. The 
growth is moderate anti stocky in South 
Jersey, giving a tree that is strong and 
able to hold a load of fruit with less 
breakage than some of the more upright 
growing trees. The Golden Sweet tree 
is also a spreading tree, and has a tend¬ 
ency to throw outside branches at right 
angles to the parent branch. The growth 
is apt to be slender if not pinched back 
once or twice during the growing sea¬ 
son. It is easily trained into a very 
desirable tree. It has a habit of send¬ 
ing out water-sprouts on tbe trunk and 
main limbs. If these sprouts are not 
cut close to the tree from the start, more 
sprouts will start from the same place, 
and soon an unsightly and bothersome 
lump is formed, which will start a new 
crop of sprouts every time the old ones 
are cut off. This applies to sprouts on 
all varieties of trees. 
The Yellow Transparent apple, while 
one of the most profitable to plant, will 
require some special treatment in prun¬ 
ing, as it is an upright grower, and is 
troubled with most of the diseases, 
owing to its weaker vitality. The writer 
has pruned a block of 1,500 of this va¬ 
riety for the past tln-ee years. These 
trees had had four years’ growth with¬ 
out pruning, and when planted, had been 
pruned with four or five side branches 
and many with a center stem. These 
trees had also received much fertilizer 
and manure, owing to the fact that they 
were interplanted with rhubarb, and had 
made a rapid growth. These conditions 
were favorable to the spread of disease, 
and pear blight had secured a strong 
foothold. The trees m many cases had 
lost from one-quarter to one-half of the 
March 21, 
tops from this disease, and after prun¬ 
ing out all diseased wood, the remainder 
of the tree was pruned to leave the tree 
as symmetrical as possible. Where a 
central stem was found it was removed 
and all the larger cuts were painted. 
This work was done in July of 1911. The 
trees made some late growth, owing to 
the severe pruning, and were gone over 
twice more that season to remove blight, 
although little was found after the first 
pruning. The blight seems to do most 
of its work early in the growing season, 
or when the trees are making the most 
rapid growth, and if diseased wood is re¬ 
moved and burned as soon as it appears 
there will be little trouble from late in¬ 
fection, although if allowed to remain 
in the tree, it will spread rapidly. The 
disease seemed to be worse in thick trees, 
and on the north and east sides. This 
is another good reason for an open, 
spreading tree. Sunlight is a great fac¬ 
tor in the prevention of disease. 
The trees made a strong rapid growth 
in 1912, and were cut back during July 
of that year. From 12 to 14 inches of 
growth was left, and there was some 
late growth added to that Very little 
fruit was set, owing to the rapid growth 
and lack of fruit buds. The severe prun¬ 
ing in 1911, late cultivation and an 
abundance of food forced many of the 
spurs into rapid growth, and prevented 
the development of fruit buds. The trees 
were pruned in July of 1913, and some 
trees were well loaded with fruit re¬ 
quiring thinning in some cases, as this 
variety often sets five or six apples in 
a cluster. Very little cutting back was 
done this time, as the growth was nearer 
normal. One should be careful in cutting 
back the growth of this variety, as it 
generally sets fruit buds terminally on 
the branches as well as on fruit spurs. 
This terminal fruit not only help 3 to 
check the growth, but also helps to 
spread the tree. When rapid growth is 
desired the terminal bud is removed dur¬ 
ing the dormant season. These trees were 
also damaged and many were lost by 
the blight attacking the bark at the sur¬ 
face of the ground on the trunk. In 
most instances only patches of the outer 
layers of the bark were killed, but in 
some cases the disease had not only pene¬ 
trated to the wood but had nearly, or 
entirely girdled the tree. Several trees 
were lost in this way. During the Sum¬ 
mer of 1913, the trees were gone over 
and the diseased bark was removed, and 
the injuries treated with corrosive subli¬ 
mate 1-1.000 strength. Where it was 
possible and the cambium layer was not 
d3ad, only the dead outer layers of bark 
were removed. The trees are not being 
stimulated so much now, and it is hoped 
that the treatment will check the disease. 
On some trees the disease seemed to have 
been checked naturally and the dead bark 
was being shed. It is too soon yet to 
tell whether the work was a success 
from a commercial point of view or not. 
The Duchess of Oldenburg is also an 
upright grower, and has a habit of throw¬ 
ing out two shoots from the terminal 
bud in many cases, and nearly always 
forms a weak crotch. This makes it a 
difficult tree to keep in good form, but 
by careful work and study may be de¬ 
veloped into a fairly strong tree. It bas 
given more trouble in forming a strong 
framework than any other variety, owing 
to the weak crotches and its somewhat 
slender growth, r. b. gilman. 
Boy Farmers. 
On page 210, G. O. H. presents a prob¬ 
lem for solving, and states that the old¬ 
est boy of the family, now running a 
farm, is 19 years of age. While I sin¬ 
cerely regret making any statement that 
might lead to this boy and the family 
losing their place, the facts seem plain 
that the solution of the problem accord¬ 
ing to my idea, is securing an experi¬ 
enced foreman. I have never seen a boy 
of that age who had had sufficient ex¬ 
perience to take sole charge of a herd 
of cattle or a farm, and make it a pay¬ 
ing investment. It would be unnatural for 
a boy’s mind to comprehend'sufficiently 
the importance of such a task. If there 
were expert farmers and expert stock 
men in the vicinity of whom he could ask 
and obtain information regarding every 
detail, partial success might be obtained. 
So much depends every day, however, 
upon “the hand that throws the grain,” 
and practical experience, that the pros¬ 
pects would be much brighter with a 
competent foreman to help the boys 
along. J. HENRY BINES.' 
Maine. 
