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11-IfcC K U KA L NKW-YORKEK 
March 21, 
ARE THE PEACHES FROZEN ? 
About every Spring you cau find peo¬ 
ple who will answer this question in the 
affirmative, whether the Winter season 
has been favorable to the life of the 
peach buds or not. Yet when the ripen¬ 
ing season conies there are nearly always 
some peaches at least in places, and I 
have seen bumper crops after predictions 
of this hind. In fact I have made the 
same erroneous predictions myself, be¬ 
lieving that most of the buds were Win¬ 
ter-killed, but was surprised later when 
enough live buds remained to produce a 
full crop. Truth is, it takes careful in¬ 
vestigation to determine the exact condi¬ 
tions of the fruit buds on a tree before 
they begin to push forth in Spring, while 
to predict the extent of the fruit Crop at 
this time is the merest guesswork, con¬ 
sidering the injuries that may follow, 
such as .Spring frosts, hailstorms, the 
June drop. Summer droughts, and the 
brown rot at ripening time. Counting 
chickens before they are hatched is no 
more uncertain than counting the peach 
dollars before the fruit is marketed. 
It is of course quite possible to learn 
the life or death of an individual peach 
bud. even in mid-Winter, by simply cut¬ 
ting the bud crosswise about the middle 
with a sharp knife. If the entire cross 
section shows a healthy green the bud 
may be counted good. But if the extreme 
centre is brown or presents a "cooked” 
appearance, you can depend upon it that 
the bud is frozen. The buds probably 
turn brown after a thaw and warm sun¬ 
shine. But even if you examine a dozen 
buds on a tree and three-fourths appear 
frozen, the next dozen may show a re¬ 
versed condition. This especially if you 
simply cut a twig and examine all the 
buds upon it. In general the buds will 
be found in better condition on the 
higher branches than those on the lower 
ones. To get a fair estimate of the con¬ 
dition of a tree, select buds from every 
part of the tree. 
Peach buds are not nearly so liable to 
be either Winter-killed or frozen by 
Spring frosts if the trees are located on 
a hillside rather than on bottom lands. 
Our orchards are up against the moun¬ 
tainside, where there is plenty of air 
drainage, and the woods above the or¬ 
chards afford some added protection. 
The lowest temperature noted here this 
Winter was 10 degrees below zero. 
Farther down in the valley it was 18 
below in places. Some buds are frozen 
here, but not enough perhaps to affect the 
crop seriously. Two years ago we had 
14 below. Many buds were frozen, but 
still we had a splendid crop of peaches. 
The danger line is from 12 to 18 degrees 
below zero. Below this temperature one 
can scarcely expect many peach buds to 
come through alive. The difference in 
temperature because of elevation is not 
exceptional; it is a common occurence 
here. As a result it must be a very fav¬ 
orable season if our neighbors in the 
valley have any peaches. 
While some peaches are grown almost 
all over the country except in the ex¬ 
treme North, there are indeed few places 
where peaches are entirly immune from 
freezing temperatures. Of course they 
are safe below the frost line, but this is 
far down in the State of Florida. Even 
in Northern Florida where we once re¬ 
sided, the peaches froze one year when 
about the size of hickory nuts. The 
peaches bloom there about February, 
and frosts sometimes, though rarely, oc¬ 
cur later, so I think I should try a few 
peach trees, no matter where my resi¬ 
dence might be, but would try to choose 
the most favorable location and the most 
hardy varieties. There is some differ¬ 
ence in the hardiness of peach varieties. 
Among those I have tried I have found 
Belle of Georgia about the most hardy 
and Late Crawford the least hardy. 
The peach is somewhat less hardy 
than other fruits except the apricot. It 
also blooms earlier than the apple, and 
generally a little earlier than the pear 
and plum; it blooms about with the 
sweet cherry, but later than the apricot. 
Thus it may be said that the peach is 
more liable to freezing than any other of 
the tree fruits except the apricot. Our 
losses here have not been as great from 
Winter-killing of buds as from Spring 
frosts, especially about blooming time. 
Last Spring when the peaches were in 
full bloom they were subjected to a tem- 1 
perature of 20 above one bright frosty 
morning. Something like four-fifths of 
the flowers were frozen. Trees pro¬ 
duced about half a crop on the average. 
One year before the opening flowers stood 
2S degrees with little injury, and 27 
degrees one morning after tin* blooming 
period. They are believed to be the most 
tender while the nectar is in the open 
flower. DAVID PLAXK. 
Pennsylvania. 
Sowing Winter Rye in Spring. 
Can I sow Winter rye in the Spring 
and cut it for hay later in tie* season? 
Some of my neighbors say that rye must 
remain in the soil all Winter in order 
to make a crop. s. .r. 
It is not the nature of Winter rye to 
produce its full crop when seeded in the 
Spring. It will make some growth, but 
not at all equal to the Fall-sown grain. 
There is a variety of rye specially 
adapted to Spring sowing. We have used 
an imported German variety, which when 
seeded at the time of oat seeding gave 
a very good crop, somewhat lab r than 
the Winter variety. But why sow any 
kind of rye for a hay cropV Rye makes 
poorer hay than any of the other small 
grains. Barley seeded in the Spring will 
give better feed than rye, and so will 
oats. Your best plan is to seed Canada 
peas and oats, as we have often de¬ 
scribed; cut them at the proper time and 
cure as hay. 
Wood Ashes for Fruit; Reseeding Alfalfa. 
1. Should I apply wood ashes around 
young pear trees, or would it be better 
to apply ashes around raspberry bushes 
and strawberries for best results? Is 
hen manure good for same berry bushes? 
2. Will you advise me in regard to some 
Alfalfa I sowed with wheat' last Fall. 
The Alfalfa came up but seemed all to 
shrivel up and die. Can I go over wheat 
with a weeder and sow more Alfalfa, 
about half amount I used first time, I 
mean sow the same as Timothy and seed 
clover is sowed? I do not like to plow 
wheat under. A. M. 
LeRoy, N. Y. 
1. The wood ashes will give you bet¬ 
ter results around the fruit trees. I)o i 
not use ashes on strawberries, though 
they give fair results on raspberries. Hen 
manure will be good for all kinds of fruit. 
2. You will not obtain a good seeding of 
Alfalfa by scattering on the wheat. You I 
can do this with Red clover, but Alfalfa j 
will not “catch” so well. As the Alfalfa 
has failed it is most likely that the soil I 
is not fit for it. 
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