1014. 
'THIS RURAL, NEW-YORKER 
449 
Greenhouse Construction for Small Place. 
Part II. 
Seven flow and seven return pipes 
would give ample heat for latitude of 
New York City, except for plants requir¬ 
ing high temperature. If the house is 
quite short, say 20 feet, two-inch pipe 
could be used, and each pipe could have 
a return bend on end and be carried back 
and forth several times through house, 
provided the fall was graduated at all 
points to return into boiler, as shown 
below. This method could be adopted 
in house 30 to 40 feet long also, as using 
return bends is much less work and ex¬ 
pense than connecting three or four lines 
of pipe in a short house to headers, at 
flow and return end. 
A number of different methods may be 
adapted for heating the water, depending 
on taste and desire of person building 
house. There are many different makes 
Air vent at 
Flow And Return Pipes. 
of cast-iron heaters on the market that 
have unduly advertised virtues. We 
have had considerable direct experience 
with cast-iron boiler and have been ob¬ 
serving performance of same for others 
for some years. The makers all claim 
many advantages, among which may be 
mentioned cost of handling in installing 
and making repairs; also economy is 
claimed. Regarding the latter the less 
said the better, as one of the best makes 
in the market recently heated a brick 
chimney so hot that the boiler shed of 
one of my neighbors burned down. In 
our own case the smoke pipe would get 
red hot. Others have told me of similar 
experiences. This, however, is under 
hard firing and if a cast-iron heater is 
much larger than actually required a 
fair degree of satisfaction may be at¬ 
tained. Another serious objection is the 
liability of sections to crack and put the 
heater out of business. 
We heated two houses 24 feet wide by 
250 feet long for several years by using 
a heater made of pipe coiled back and 
forth over a grate walled in with brick. 
This makes possibly the cheapest heater 
that it is possible to install, and if .care 
is used in construction it will last a 
number of years and give satisfactory 
service. No particular method need be 
employed in installing the pipe, as I 
have known them to be used in many dif¬ 
ferent ways. If it is possible to get a 
coil of 1J/4 or 1%-inch pipe, 18 inches 
in diameter or larger, and of good length, 
Furnace Arrangements. 
that will be found as effective as any 
method. We have cut l^-inch pipe 24 
inches long and built up a square box 
coil, using malleable ells on same. We 
have also used pipe (two inches) eight 
feet long running back and forth over 
the fire (see above) on the inside of a 
brick arch having the lower pipe about 
12 inches from grate, and top of arch .30 
or more inches from grate, using 20 
pieces of two-inch pipe in heater in four 
separate coils of five pipes each. A heat¬ 
er of this size would heat a house .30 
xl25 to 150 feet long. 
Another method in use here, and possi¬ 
bly the most durable of this type heat¬ 
er is to use a long branch tee at bot¬ 
tom and top, each having 12 or more 
outlets from one-inch or 1^4-inch pipe, 
as shown at right. The center space of 
this heater contains a square box coil 
made up of short pieces of pipe and ells. 
In constructing these heaters care must 
be exercised to have only guaranteed 
wrought iron pipe. Do not accept mer¬ 
chant or steel pipe under any circum¬ 
stances. Use only malleable fittings, and 
after you enter brick work at bottom he 
sure the pipes are constantly ascending, 
as any pocket to retain air will prove 
fatal to success. 
A safe guide to go by is to use one 
foot of pipe in heater to about 15 in 
the greenhouse, using same size pipe in 
each place. Do not think that the closer 
you get the pipe to the fire the better, 
as by this method no combustion space 
is allowed, and this is a very important 
Another Pipe Arrangement. 
item in economical fuel consumption, as 
the gases of combustion give off nearly as 
much heat as the radiant heat of the 
fire, provided they are ignited. A tem¬ 
perature of practically 1700 deg. is ne¬ 
cessary to accomplish this ignition, and 
where the cold water surfaces are too 
close to the fire, the gases are chilled 
and pass out of chimney in this manner, 
causing the loss of nearly one-half the 
heat value of the coal. The most econom¬ 
ical boiler tested to this date has a dis¬ 
tance of ,35 feet from grate to top of 
fireplace, so don’t be afraid to make an 
arch three or four feet high. These sug¬ 
gestions are merely for the person who 
does not care to spend much money on 
a heater. The man who can afford it 
would best buy a small tubular boiler 
or a special greenhouse boiler of wrought 
iron construction, of which there are 
several in the market. 
If a pipe-constructed heater is used 
additional economy could be obtained by 
running the chimney a short distance 
through the house in the form of an 
iron or terra cotta pipe, as it will throw 
out nearly as much heat as the cast-iron 
boiler. Small second-hand tubular boil¬ 
ers can be quite often obtained at low 
prices, that will give excellent service as 
greenhouse heaters, and wherever such 
boilers can be had better try to get one 
rather than use a cast-iron boiler or a 
pipe heater. elmek j. weaver. 
Intensive Hayfieid. 
I am anxious to make a good crop of 
some good hay suitable for Winter feed¬ 
ing of our Jersey cow, and would prefer 
it to be clover hay with possibly a little 
Timothy if necessary, so we can also feed 
our horse the same. Would you advise 
me the best course to pursue as to pre¬ 
paration, fertilizing and variety and 
amount of seed to use in an acre to get 
the best result? Our land is light and 
sandy, leachy and feels a drought very 
severely, so much so that Timothy is 
very hard to raise. e. j. w. 
Barrington, R. I. 
We should start with the clover this 
Spring. Fit the land as early as possi¬ 
ble, and sow either one bushel of beard¬ 
less barley per acre, or about half the 
usual seeding of Canada peas and oats. 
In either event seed on each acre six 
quarts of Red and Alsike clover. Cut 
the barley or the oats and peas when they 
are fit for hay, and let the clover seed 
come on. A thick seeding of oats and 
peas will not be likely to give you a 
good clover stand. The thin seeding of 
oats and peas will give you more forage, 
but the beardless barley will make a 
better nurse crop for the clover. 
“Conductor, can you tell me how that 
brakeman lost his finger?” asked the in¬ 
quisitive woman. “He seems to be a 
very nice fellow. It is a pity he should 
be crippled.” "That’s just it, mum. He 
is a good fellow. He is so obliging that 
he wore his finger off pointing out the 
scenery along the line.”—Chicago News. 
“DEATH, TAXES 
AND 
The Mapes Manures 
Are the Only Three Things in This World I Am Sure of” 
WROTE AN OLD CUSTOMER OF OURS 
Passing by the first two, he and every other farmer cer¬ 
tainly has every right to be sure of THE MAPES MANURES. 
They have been used for fifty years by the most intelligent, 
the solidest and most successful farmers, who have banked 
absolutely on 
I. THE RECORD OF MAPES IN THE FIELD. 
Our record in the field for the past fifty years is too well- 
known to require more than a mere reference. In this connec¬ 
tion, “lest we forget,” in the American Agriculturist’s Prize 
Contest, open to the entire United States, the largest crops 
of Potatoes and Corn grown on commercial fertilizer alone 
were grown with Mapes; 669 bushels of Potatoes on one 
measured acre with the Mapes Potato Manure, and 213 bush¬ 
els Shelled Corn on one measured acre with the Mapes Corn 
Manure. 
II. THE MAPES RECORD WITH THE EXPERIMENT 
STATIONS. 
We are equally proud of our record with the Stations. 
There may at times have been an occasional chance analysis 
which was not quite what we would have liked, and not fairly 
representative of our goods, but on the grand average, year 
in and year out, our record has been something to be justly 
proud of. 
SEND FOR OUR PAMPHLET 
The Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co., 143 Liberty St., New York 
III. SAME FAMILY MANAGEMENT FOR THREE 
GENERATIONS. 
Not only have the Mapeses continued successively in the 
business for three generations—grandfather, father and son— 
but the Lanes, who have been associated with the Mapeses 
from the start, follow the same identical record in the business, 
grandfather, father and son, successively. Could there be a 
better guarantee than this family management, with the ele¬ 
ment of family pride deeply involved, that everything has 
been done and will continue to be done to make the Mapes 
Manures as good as the knowledge of fertilizer science per¬ 
mits for the crops for which they are intended. 
The Mapes Manures have never stood still but have been 
constantly improving as the knowledge of scientific plant 
feeding broadened and progressed. 
“The Mapes business had its inception in the scientific 
research and experiments of Professor James Jay Mapes, and 
scientific research and experiment, coupled with the most 
exact practical experience, have been the dominating factors 
in the Mapes business to the present day.”—The Florida 
Grower. 
