1914. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
488 
Greenhouse Construction for Small Place. 
Part III. 
The trouble likely to be encountered 
in using a pipe heater is scale and sedi¬ 
ments collecting in lower pipe, and event¬ 
ually weakening the pipe at that point. 
This in a measure can be overcome by 
having the return pipes drop to bottom 
of cellar and have a blow-off cock at low 
point, which should be opened occasion¬ 
ally to allow sediment to be washed out 
of system. The flow and return pipes 
should be carried as direct as possible 
from heater to greenhouse and with as 
few bends as is consistent with the loca¬ 
tion of heater to house. As explained 
before, if house is nearly level carry the 
flow pipe directly from boiler to near 
top of house and place an air-cock at 
that point; then gradually descend to 
far end of house, at which point drop 
either to side walls or under benches, 
and continue the down hill method to 
boiler. Each system must have an ex¬ 
pansion tank connected to a point on the 
return near the boiler placed higher than 
top of flow as outlined in Fig. 5. In 
the cut A represents heater; D flow 
pipe to high point of house; C expan' 
sion tank, which must hold one-twen¬ 
tieth amount of water in entire system 
and be connected as shown by small pipe 
A1 to return pipe E close to boiler. Re¬ 
turn pipe E should be continued below 
entrance to boiler as shown and have a 
blow-off cock as shown at F, which should 
be opened quite often to blow sediment 
out, which will collect at that point. The 
air vent shown at B is a one-eighth inch 
pipe tapped into flow and extended over 
expansion tank and always left open, and 
will always keep the system free of air 
and will never require any attention. 
If only one house is built no valves will 
be necessary, but if two or more are con¬ 
nected together the flow or return pipes 
should have valves placed in them so as 
to have heat in houses under control. 
In figuring amount of pipe to use for a 
temperature of 55 degrees with ther¬ 
mometer at zero outside, a house having 
1,000 square feet of glass on roof, ends 
and sides should have about 275 square 
feet of pipe. If sides are exposed three 
or four feet 300 would be best, this 
would mean nearly 600 feet of l^-inch 
pipe, 500 feet two-inch or 700 feet l 1 /*- 
inch. The flow and return pipe from 
boiler to greenhouse, if only one is used, 
would have to be 2*4 inches in diameter 
to carry this amount of radiation. A 
house containing 3000 square feet of ex¬ 
posure would require three times amount 
of pipe mentioned above, and a .S^-inch 
eventually will burn out. In figure 4 
the coil is constructed by using right 
and left ells on end of upright pipe, and 
using a right and left pipe from ell to 
top heater. This method is much more 
troublesome to make than Fig. 3 and no 
more efficient, but would last longer, as 
danger of sediment collecting in horizon¬ 
tal pipe would be obviated. 
All lumber used in greenhouse con¬ 
struction should be cypress, and if posts 
are used red cedar sawed four inches 
pipe for flow and return to boiler; 4,000 
feet a four-inch flow and return; 5,000 
to 5,500 a five-inch flow and return. 
For a house of 3,000 feet exposure us¬ 
ing a pipe constructed heater of Fig. 3 
style the grate should be at least 1 Sx 30 
inches and heater should contain 12 
pieces of two-inch pipe about eight feet 
long; six pieces of pipe on each side 
made up in two coils, with two returns 
entering heater at bottom and two flows 
leaving at top. If desired to leave fire 
six hours or more without attention lSx 
36 would not be too large for grate. 
Smoke flue should be 10 inches diameter. 
Allow plenty of depth for ashpit, 18 
inches not being too much, and place fire 
brick 12 inches or so high at side of 
grate up to lower pipe. Make ends of 
heater arch shape and allow .return bends 
to extend slightly over each end for sup¬ 
port, then place old boards on pipe and 
turn a brick arch over all. The boards 
square and set four feet centers or five 
feet four-inch centers will be satisfactory. 
All lumber entering roof construction 
should be painted with a guaranteed 
white paint, two coats, and a third ap¬ 
plied after frame is erected. The best 
size glass to use is 16x24 A or B, double 
strength. 
The sash bars to be placed 16 inches 
apart, and the rabbet on which glass 
rests to be filled with the best putty you 
can buy, not the cheapest, hut the best. 
Start at lower edge and drive two nails 
in plate or sill, so they will slope lower 
edge of first light of glass; press first 
light into putty till most of it is forced 
out underneath. The second light is to 
lap over the first about one-eighth to 
three-sixteenths inch and upper end 
forced down in putty till nearly resting 
on wood, and so on till row is finished. 
Either a glazing point, sold by all seeds¬ 
men, is forced into the bar at lower edge 
of each light or zinc brads similar to 
shoe nails may be used. The point re¬ 
ferred to is galvanized and will last quite 
a while, but the zinc nail or point will 
possibly last longer. If plenty of putty 
is used you will have a practically water¬ 
tight job. An examination of all glass 
will show each light having a concave 
and convex plane. Always place the con¬ 
vex side up, as placing the convex side 
down will cause drip of condensation 
into house from center of light. 
ELMER J. WEAVER. 
Lancaster Co., Pa. 
Handling Sunflower Seed. —I have 
noticed at different times in farm papers 
articles on the raising and curing of sun¬ 
flower seeds. Our way may be of use 
to someone. When drilling the corn, the 
last four rows across the field are re¬ 
served for sunflowers; this seed is sub¬ 
stituted in place of the corn in the drill. 
It is then planted, worked and thinned, 
just as the corn. Late in September or 
early in October we go to the field in 
our one-horse farm wagon; one person 
walks down the rows cutting the heavy 
heads and throwing them in the wagon 
to the second person, who attends to the 
driving and cleaning, which is easily 
done. As the heads are thrown in the 
wagon they are cleaned with a curry¬ 
comb. It is surprising how readily the 
seeds drop out as the comb is passed 
to and fro over the heads. The empty 
heads are thrown in piles as we drive 
down the rows. Coming back the stalks 
are heaped up and burned if dry enough. 
The seeds are spread out in the wagon 
bed and stirred frequently during the 
rest of the day ; toward evening they are 
put into large loose sacks and hung up 
in a dry cool place. They are ready for 
use in a very short time; in this way 
we do not have trouble with mold as some 
do. We find the seed very beneficial for 
our poultry, mixed with the scratch food. 
Pocopson, Pa. c. b. t. 
“Wiiat’s the liscussion?” “The boys 
had assembled to lynch a horse thief.” 
“Well?” “But now a iinotty point of 
jurisprudence has come up. Seems he 
stole an automobile.”—Louisville Couri¬ 
er Journal. 
“DEATH, TAXES 
The Mapes Manures 
Are the Only Three Things in This World 1 Am Sure of 
99 
WROTE AN OLD CUSTOMER OF OURS 
Passing by the first two, he and every other farmer cer¬ 
tainly has every right to be sure of THE MAPES MANURES. 
They have been used for fifty years by the most intelligent, 
the solidest and most successful farmers, who have banked 
absolutely on 
I. THE RECORD OF MAPES IN THE FIELD. 
Our record in the field for the past fifty years is too well- 
known to require more than a mere reference. In this connec¬ 
tion, “lest we forget,” in the American Agriculturist’s Prize 
Contest, open to the entire United States, the largest crops 
of Potatoes and Corn grown on commercial fertilizer alone 
were grown with Mapes; 669 bushels of Potatoes on one 
measured acre with the Mapes Potato Manure, and 213 bush¬ 
els Shelled Corn on one measured acre with the Mapes Corn 
Manure. 
II. THE MAPES RECORD WITH THE EXPERIMENT 
STATIONS. 
We are equally proud of our record with the Stations. 
There may at times have been an occasional chance analysis 
which was not quite what we would have liked, and not fairly 
representative of our goods, but on the grand average, year 
in and year out, our record has been something to be justly 
proud of. 
III. SAME FAMILY MANAGEMENT FOR THREE 
GENERATIONS. 
Not only have the Mapeses continued successively in the 
business for three generations—grandfather, father and son— 
but the Lanes, who have been associated with the Mapeses 
from the start, follow the same identical record in the business, 
grandfather, father and son, successively. Could there be a 
better guarantee than this family management, with the ele¬ 
ment of family pride deeply involved, that everything has 
been done and will continue to be done to make the Mapes 
Manures as good as the knowledge of fertilizer science per¬ 
mits for the crops for which they are intended. 
The Mapes Manures have never stood still but have been 
constantly improving as the knowledge of scientific plant 
feeding broadened and progressed. 
“The Mapes business had its inception in the scientific 
research and experiments of Professor James Jay Mapes, and 
scientific research and experiment, coupled with the most 
exact practical experience, have been the dominating factors 
in the Mapes business to the present day.”—The Florida 
Grower. 
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The Mapes Formula & Peruvian Guano Co., 143 Liberty St., New York 
