1914. 
THK KUR.AL. NEW-YORKER 
681 
FEEDING PROBLEMS. 
U NDER this heading we endeavor to give ad¬ 
vice and suggestions about feeding mix¬ 
tures of grains and fodders. No definite rules 
are given, but the advice is based upon experi¬ 
ence and average analysis of foods. By "pro¬ 
tein” is meant the elements in the food which 
go to make muscle or lean meat. “Carbohy¬ 
drates” comprise the starch, sugar, etc., which 
make fat and provide fuel for the body, while 
"fat” is the pure oil found in foods. “Dry 
matter” means the weight of actual food left 
in fodder or grain when all the water is driven 
off. A “narrow ration” means one in which 
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is 
close—a “wide” ration means one which shows 
a larger proportion of carbohydrates. 
Feeding Young Bull. 
I have an Angus bull about 18 months 
old; he weighs about 800 pounds. I 
think he should weigh 1,000 pounds at 
this age. lie has always been dainty 
about his feed. He had a well-balanced 
ration until about a year old. Since then 
he has had corn fodder only, as rough- 
age, and for grain, all the comment and 
oilmeal he wanted, which never exceeded 
four pounds of corn or three of oilmen! 
per day. What can I do to grow him? 
He appears to be well. H. o. B. 
Though this bull seems well he is a 
dainty feeder, and weighs only 800 
pounds, when he should weigh 1,000 or 
1,200 pounds, showing that all is not 
right w'ith him. Have him tested for 
tuberculosis, or if you prefer, get rid of 
him and start with one that eats well 
and makes good vise of what ho eats. 
Dainty feeders though often showing 
some thrift are seldom profitable, art 
always an aggravation, and in the case of 
breeding stock the defect may be in¬ 
herited and crop out iu the calves. How¬ 
ever, stock tomes, medicated salts mo¬ 
lasses, salt or a change to clover or 
Alfalfa hay or pasture may be tried, but 
I find that when stock won’t eat they 
won’t, and that is all there is to it in 
most cases. w. e. d. 
Ration for Sheep ; Knee-Sprung Horse. 
1. I have a flock of 30 sheep. I am 
feeding them at present one part oats 
to two of bran, also turnips and all the 
hay they will eat. Is this a well-balanced 
ration? The ewes will lamb about the 
first of April. 2. I have a horse that is 
knee-sprung. What could I do to help 
him? F. o. 
1. The grain ration which you are 
feeding your sheep ought to lie about 
right to keep them in good condition be¬ 
fore lambing. After the lambs come you 
will, of course, have to feed more heavily 
of both grain and roots. The growth 
of the lambs depend largely on their get¬ 
ting a good start in the first few weeks. 
Some corn can also be used in the ra¬ 
tion after the lambs are born. 
2. In regard to your horse, there is 
little that you can do to remedy his 
complaint. Care should be taken that he 
is not over-driven or subjected to any 
strain which will make the trouble 
worse. 
Summer Dairy Ration. 
I would like your advice on the follow¬ 
ing ration and how you would improve 
it. I have six Jersey cows, and try to 
have one fresh every two months of the 
year. I am feeding for grain a mixture 
of 100 pounds cornmeal. 100 pounds 
bran, 100 pounds gluten and 100 pounds 
oatmeal, one pound to about every four 
pounds of milk to each cow, with a few 
roots every morning; cornstalks, mixed 
hay two-thirds clover and one-third Tim¬ 
othy, for the roughage. I make my own 
butter for private customers. I would 
like to have a ration for Summer, when 
pasture is short. I always feed some 
grain the year around. n. F. s. 
The addition of 100 pounds of linseed 
oil meal or cottonseed meat will improve 
your ration, as it is rather low in pro¬ 
tein. The cottonseed meal should be 
avoided with cows soon to freshen, and 
for a week after freshening. A good 
Summer ration would be equal parts by 
weight, dried brewers’ grains, cottonseed 
or oil meal and cornmeal, or one part 
each of cornmeal and bran and two of 
cottonseed or oil meal. c. L. M. 
Gluten Meal. 
I frequently see gluten meal mentioned 
in feed formulas for poultry, but judge 
that it is not iu common use, because 
it is not carried in stock by dealers in 
this city, and they seem to know little 
if any more than 1 do concerning its man¬ 
ufacture. What is the raw material? 
Winona, Minn. A. b. q. 
Gluten meal and gluten feed are trade 
names applied to by-products from the 
manufacture of cornstarch and glucose. 
Gluten meal is that portion of the corn 
kernel which remains after the removal 
of the greater part of the starch and the 
germ, as well as the outer covering 
known as the bran. When this bran is 
left in the feed, it is known as gluten 
feed. This product contains a much 
smaller proportion of crude protein than 
the gluten meal, but it is the product 
which is most generally used. It is a 
valuable dairy and poultry foovl, i-anking 
with malt sprouts, brewers’ dried grains, 
and buckwheat middlings as a carrier of 
protein. Gluten meal is higher in pro¬ 
tein content, ranking with linseed oil 
meal in this respect. The retail price of 
gluten feed in my market, just now, 
is .$1.55 per hundred. M. B. D. 
Pumpkins or Mangels For Pigs. 
Are pumpkins equal to mangels as part 
of a Winter ration for growing pigs two 
to six months old? We like the beets, 
but think we can grow the pumpkins 
cheaper, ton for ton. w. c. w. 
New Canaan. Conn. 
There is very little actual difference in 
the composition of the field pumpkin 
when comparison is made with mangels 
as the following analysis shows: 
Carbohydrates 
Crude N. free 
Water Ash Pro- Fiber ex- Fat 
tein tract 
Field Pumpkin 90.9 0.5 1.3 1.7 5.3 0.4 
Mangel 90.9 l.L 1.4 0.9 6.5 0.2 
However, both of these products should 
be fed largely as an appetizer, and not 
primarily as a source of food. It is a 
fact, however, that where pumpkins are 
fed in large quantities to swine the seeds 
stimulate unduly the excretions of the 
kidneys, and thus prevent vigorous 
growth and activity. Definite informa¬ 
tion regarding this somewhat traditional 
effect is lacking as far as actual compari¬ 
son is concerned, but there is no doubt 
but that growing pigs should not be fed 
large quantities of pumpkin seeds. 
tin the other hand mangel-wurzels are 
not only more palatable but certainly 
more easily stored, and more easily fed, 
and there is no evil effect from even 
heavy feeding of mangels, although this 
is not recommended. It seems to me that 
the question of succulence for pigs during 
the Winter months is somewhat exag¬ 
gerated, and the use of Alfalfa or clover 
hay certainly is equally as useful and 
much easier to feed, and it gives the same 
effect as far as laxativeness is concerned, 
and in addition supplies sufficient bulk. 
If I were choosing, however, between 
pumpkins anl mangel-wurzels. I am sure 
that I would take the mangels. On the 
other hand if I had access to second or 
third catting of Alfalfa, nicely cured 
with all the leaves retained, I would 
prefer the use' of such hay in a ration 
for brood sows or growing youngsters. It 
is easier to pulp the beets and mix them 
with the feed than is the case with 
pumpkins. On the other hand it is sug¬ 
gested that pumpkin seeds are most ex¬ 
cellent as a vermifuge, and are useful 
in limited quantities for use in eliminat¬ 
ing intestinal worms or parasites, that 
infest the intestinal organs of the pigs. 
Oftentimes pigs thrive more vigor¬ 
ously after they have been fed i 
limited amounts of pumpkins, and it 
would seem reasonable to believe that the 
immediate cause is the fact that the para¬ 
sites have been eliminated, and the ani¬ 
mal thus enabled to make better use of 
the food consumed, rather than the fact 
that the pumpkins themselves supply the 
food nutrients. Pigs require more con¬ 
centrated food than is found in the field 
pumpkin, and they should be used as an 
appetizer and vermifuge, rather than the 
chief source of food. I would advise 
W. C. W. to cling to mangel-wurzels in 
preference to pumpkins. 
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Are you going to do any building thii Spring ? We 
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8 x 20 $ 64.72 
10 x 24 92.23 
12 x 26 118.25 
14 x 28 144.65 
16 x 30 173.89 
Other sizes in proportion. Ask for Catalogue. 
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Box £4 Canton,Ohio 
PERMANENT FARM IMPROVEMENTS 
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(Sole Agents) 
PHILADELPHIA, PENNA. 
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338 WEST STREET, RUTLAND. VERMONT 
The Powerful Smalley 
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Box 229 
Manitowoc, WIs. 
Manufacturers of 
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