1914 . 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
687 
Contents. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, May 2, 1914. 
FARM TOPICS . 
Western Alfalfa Culture .658 
Notes on Grass and Alfalfa Feeding. ..058 
An Old Fertilizer Fake.658 
Lima Beans for Market...659 
How I Came to Start in the Canning 
Business .659 
True Value of Beardless Barley.660 
Ohio Clover Family .662 
Sensible Back-to-the-Lander .662 
Cover Crop for Light Soil.663 
Leather Waste as Fertilizer.663 
Fertilizer for Silage Corn.663 
Canada Peas and Oats on Poor Land..663 
Preparing Sod for Potatoes.603 
Destroying Bindweed .665 
Germs of Potato Scab.665 
Onion Smut .665 
Coming Farmers’ Meetings .666 
Oats and Peas for Horse Hay.667 
Adding Nitrate to Fertilizer.607 
Composting I’iue Shavings.608 
Controlling the Water Level.669 
Hope Farm Notes .669 
The New York Farm Bureau Service. .673 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY. 
Sheep the Coming Animal.657, 658 
A $5,000 Clydesdale Colt.....670 
Home Butter-Making .676 
World's Record for a Jersey Cow.676 
“Dickering” in the Live Stock Business 677 
New England Milk Producers.677 
Dairying in Central New York.678 
Square Silo .679 
Silo for Three Cows.679 
Imitation Silage .679 
Two Sides of the Dog.680 
The Underground Silo .680 
Feeding Young Bull .681 
Ration for Sheep; Knee-Sprung Horse 681 
Summer Dairy Ration .681 
Gluten Meal .681 
Pumpkins or Mangels for Pigs.681 
Pork Production for the East, Part 
II.682, 683 
Questions in Hen Feeding.684 
Another Turkey Record .684 
Loss of Feathers ; Feeding Chicks.684 
Paralyzed Fowls .684 
The Egg-Laying Contest .685 
HORTICULTURE. 
Water Cress .660 
Inferior Black Walnuts .661 
Quick Tank Filling .661 
Transplanting Large Cherry Trees.... 661 
How Much Spray? .662 
Rock Phosphate on Strawberries.663 
Marketing Celery and Lettuce .663 
Sawdust for Orchard Mulch.663 
Growth of Cherry Grafts .665 
Strawberries for New York.665 
Small Greenhouse for Spring Use.665 
Spray to Destroy Dandelions.668 
Wood Ashes and Bone Meal for Garden 668 
Cover Crop With Small Fruit.668 
Whitewashing Orchard Trees .668 
Heating Frame With Lantern.668 
Chrysanthemums and Carnations.669 
Japanese Plums; Apricots .669 
The Carman Pecan .671 
WOMAN AND HOME. 
From Day to Day .674 
The Rural Patterns .674 
Seen in New York Shops.674 
Apple Sauce .674 
Salt-Rising Bread .674 
Hot Beverages .675 
Handmade Rugs .675 
To Clean Saucepans .675 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
Stocking a Fishpond .660 
An Easily Made Mortar Box.660 
Charging Effervescent Beverages .663 
Taking Kinks Out of Rope.663 
Events of the Week.666 
The Cost of Lawing .667 
Freezing Water Supply .667 
Fresh-Water Clams .667 
Seventeen-Year Locusts .667 
More About Bay Wax .667 
A Plea for the Quail .671 
Editorials .672 
Land Bank of the State of New York, 
Part 1.673 
New York State News .673 
Publisher’s Desk". 686 
PRODUCTS, PRICIiS AND TRADE. 
(Continued from page 683.) 
RETAIL PRICKS AT NEW YORK. 
These are not the highest or lowest current 
prices, but are fairly representative of what the 
majority of New York consumers pay: 
Eggs, fancy white, doz. 30 @ 35 
Mixed colors, new laid. 26 @ 28 
Ordinary grades. 20 @ 22 
Butter, fancy prints, lb. 32 @ 34 
Tub, choice. 27 @ 20 
Chickens, roasting, lb. 30 @ 32 
Fowls. 25 @ 23 
* 
The muskmelon crop of Southern Cali¬ 
fornia will be large this year—probably 
5,000 carloads, or not far from 72,000,000 
melons. 
* 
We imported 3S.000.000 pounds of gly¬ 
cerine last year. It comes largely from 
England, France and Belgium. About 
30,000,000 pounds are manufactured in 
this country. A large proportion of the 
glycerine is used in making explosives, 
but it is of importance in medicine, the 
arts and industries. 
* 
The island of Dominica, British West 
Indies, is most important in the produc¬ 
tion of the lime, that small lemon-like 
fruit with an acid and flavor of its own. 
The annual crop is about ‘310.000 barrels. 
New York alone receives 35,000 barrels 
of the limes, but the heaviest part of the 
crop is manufactured into juice on the 
island, 000.000 gallons of the raw and 
concentrated juice being a normal year’s 
output. 
The Russian Government is preparing 
to irrigate S.OOO.OOO acres in Turkes¬ 
tan, which has been found suitable for 
cotton growing. The cost will be $300,- 
500.000. Turkestan now produces 400,- 
000.000 pounds of cotton, which is about 
half the raw material required in Rus¬ 
sian manufacture. 
Making a Start in Poultry. 
I would like your advice on going into 
the poultry business. I have eight acres 
of land 18 miles from Buffalo and about 
one-quarter mile from railway station. 
The land slopes to the southeast, with 
quite a hill on the north and west sides. 
There is a never-failing spring on the 
property which would run by gravity to 
the poultry houses. The soil is a gravel 
loam underlaid with hard pan or clay. 
There are no trees on the place. Would 
it not be advisable to set out an orchard 
of apples, with peaches as fillers? The 
only building on the place is an old shop 
with basement, which could be made into 
an incubator cellar with very little ex¬ 
pense. I have about $1,000 to start 
with, and could raise a few hundred more 
if necessary. How does the Buffalo mar¬ 
ket compare with the New York market? 
What kind of laying house would you 
advise? As to my experience with poul¬ 
try, I have kept from 25 to 100 hens 
for the past six years, and have been 
able to obtain an average of $1.20 net 
profit per hen per year. I should expect 
to start slow and gradually work up 
to 1,000 or more hens if I made a suc¬ 
cess of the business. c. w. c. 
New York. 
It is difficult to reply or suggest in a 
limited space to an extent that would be 
most helpful. Your location with its 
slope and spring seems to be excellent. 
Trees for shade are desirable, really a 
necessity. Peaches when the trees were 
small would provide delicious dessert for 
the hens unless surrounded by poultry 
netting. Apples on the trees would not 
be troubled. Your intention to start 
slowly is a wise one. The style of lay¬ 
ing house would depend upon your own 
preference and the breed of poultry. The 
smaller, more active breeds will usually 
stand more crowding than the larger 
fowls. As a rule small numbers in col¬ 
ony houses will lay better than a larger 
number in one large house. Do not 
waste money on expensive houses. Put 
it into the best birds from the best lay¬ 
ing strain that you can get of the breed 
that you prefer, and keep that breed ex¬ 
clusively. 
Unless you know reliable parties in 
New York to whom you can profitably 
send eggs and poultry I would advise be¬ 
ginning with the nearer market. If you 
could work up a private trade in gilt 
edge poultry products you would be less 
dependent upon the general market. 
w. H. H. 
Delayed Incubation. 
Why did my eggs take from 22 to 23 
days to hatch? I have a small incubator 
cellar 12 by 12, in which I operate one 
incubator. I kept a fairly even temper¬ 
ature, 102 deg., for the first three days, 
increasing to 103 deg., and the hatch did 
not show any signs of lack of moisture. 
Does too much moisture delay the hatch? 
I am not positive about the age of the 
eggs when set, as I gathered them from 
surrounding farms, but they claimed that 
they were not over a week old. 
North Carolina. M. L. w. 
Chicks should hatch in 21 days from 
time of placing them in the incubator, 
but this time will vary with the tempei'- 
ature maintained. If the machine is run 
at too low a temperature the hatch may 
be delayed a day or two. while if the 
temperature is kept too high, the hatch 
will be premature. Each machine should 
be run at the temperature recommended 
by its manufacturers, but in case of poor 
results, the thermometer used should be 
tested by comparison with a certified 
physician’s thermometer to ascertain its 
accuracy. In your case, the temperature 
was evidently kept too low, and this 
may have been due to the use of an 
inaccurate thermometer. M. b. d. 
Hatching Layers. 
Recently another reader and myself 
discussed the best time to incubate for 
the production of early Winter layers, 
lie claims that chicks hatched out by the 
end of April will be amply early. I 
think they should be earlier. Breed 
White Leghorns, flock of about 200. Will 
you give your opinion? B. A. F. 
New Jersey. 
Chicks hatched any time in April or 
early May may be made to lay in the 
Fall, if fed and cared for in such a way 
as to keep them growing continuously 
from the start. Much depends upon the 
care, as well as upon the age, in pro¬ 
ducing early layers. If it were practic¬ 
able to do so, I should have every chick 
upon my place hatched during the first 
week in April, but I consider any time 
in that month satisfactory, and do hatch 
up to the first of June. M. B. D. 
Leghorns With Colds. 
What ails my hens? My S. C. White 
Leghorns seem to breathe hard and open 
their mouths as if it hurt them to 
breathe. These are the only symptoms 
I have noticed. I have used dust from 
barn floor in litter. Would this have 
any connection with the trouble, do you 
think? I did not know but what it 
might be roup, but the symptoms do not 
agree with those given. h. t. f. 
Connecticut. 
The ixiost common obstruction to 
breathing noted in fowls is caused by 
the ordinary colds to which they are 
subject, but more serious diseases like 
roup may begin with this symptom. 
Some fungi derived from moldy litter at 
times find their way into the respiratory 
passages of fowls and obstruct breathing. 
Assuming that colds are responsible for 
the trouble in your flock, you should add 
permanganate of potash to their drinking 
water; making a stock solution of this 
drug by adding one ounce to three pints 
of water, and adding a pint of this stock 
solution to each two quarts of drinking 
watei*. Give them no other water to 
drink and see that they are not exposed 
to drafts or dampness in their quarters. 
M. B. D. 
Laying Ration; Feeding Chicks. 
I have about 30 hens and only get 
three and four eggs a day. What would 
you advise me to feed them to make them 
lay better, and about how much feed 
ought a flock of hens have at once? The 
hens are all mixed stock. What would 
you advise me to feed young chicks when 
they are first hatched? F. G. 
New Jersey. 
Thei-e is no one food, or combination 
of foods, that will “make hens lay”; 
their laying is dependent upon many con¬ 
ditions, such as the age of the hens, the 
comfort of their surroundings, and their 
general care. All of the ordinary grains 
are useful though corn, wheat, and oats 
form the basis of all rations. Buckwheat 
and barley are also valuable additions to 
the whole grain diet. A part of the food 
should be given in the form of ground 
grain mash, fed either wet or dry, and to 
this mash meat food of some kind should 
be added. Skim-milk and buttermilk are 
very useful when they are to be had, and 
green stuff is also necessary for the best 
results. A flock of liens ought to have 
all the food that they want; they will 
not lay if scrimped. It is not necessary 
that any exact combination of foods be 
used but formulas for making well bal¬ 
anced rations ai’e frequently given in 
these columns. These combinations give 
better results than haphazard feeding and 
are the result of experiment and study. 
Stale bread crumbs moistened with skim- 
milk. johnny cake made of cornmeal, 
rolled, or pinhead oats, and finely cracked 
wheat and corn are all excellent foods 
for young chicks, and may be fed from 
the start until the chicks are old enough 
to eat coarser grains and such ground 
grain mashes as are fed to mature stock. 
M. B. D. 
Catarrh of Crop. 
Will you tell what to do for a hen 
that has her crop filled up with water, 
also what the cause of it is and what it 
is called? If the hen is held up by the 
legs the water will run out of her mouth, 
then she will fill up again. b. c. m. 
Concord, Mass. 
This is probably catarrh of the ci’op, 
or “sour crop,” due to indigestion or the 
eating of improper food. A physic, such 
as a teaspoonful of castor oil. may be 
given the bird; after its operation the 
crop may be emptied by gentle pressure 
with the head hel 1 down and a little soda 
given in water to counteract the acidity 
of the crop contents. A few grains of 
subnitrate of bismuth suspended in 
water and given once a day will also 
aid. The fowl should be placed by itself 
and fed upon soft easily digestible food 
until it recovers. m. b. d. 
Hot-water or Hot-air Incubator. 
Is a water heated incubator better 
than a hot-air heated? c. L. 
Pennsylvania. 
It is utterly immaterial whether an in¬ 
cubator is heated by hot water or hot 
air, so far as hatching is concerned: 
both are successfully used. The choice, 
then, becomes one between some particu¬ 
lar hot water heated incubator and an¬ 
other heated by hot air. So far as my 
observatioix goes, the higher priced, high¬ 
er grade, machines use hot air, while the 
cheaper ones are heated by hot water, 
but the choice should be made after con¬ 
sidering the merits of the machine as a 
whole, and should not be based solely 
upon the method of heating. m. b. d. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
Rural New-Yorker and you’ll get a quick 
reply and a “square deal.” See guarantee 
editorial page. 
THE BEST FARM IN NEW JERSEY I honesty 
believe, is one f 136 acres just out of Washington; near 
trolley. Konst of 9 rooms, bath, furnace; excellent out¬ 
buildings. with slate roofs. I .and slopes south-east: 127 
acres cultivable. 12. E. SLOCUM, 111 Broadway, X. T. City 
FARMER’S SECURITY BUREAU. NEW YORK 
Help. Farms, Estates, Institutions. Write. Phone 6186 
Cortlandt. Agency Maintained by qualifications, men 
placed. Have no branch. Sidney Sullivan, Expert, 99 Nasaau 
The FARMERS’ BUREAU 
agricultural help. Only first class farm help and positions solic¬ 
ited. Keferenees investigated. Scientific advice on farm prob¬ 
lems. Dept. R, 150 Nassau St.. N. Y. Phone, 5565 Beckman 
F* 1, a Ft _11_ „„ _ _ A for 240 acres. CM miles from 
Light Dollars (in Act 6 x,ee, Berkshire Co.. Mass. 
Altitude. 1.900 ft.; H mile from pretty lake. 60 acres cul¬ 
tivable, balance, pasturage ami woodland. 6-rootn house, 
2 barns. Poor land; poor buildings; but great bargain. 
E. E. SLOCUM, - 141 Broadway, N. Y. City 
DO YOU NEED FARM HELP 
We have many able-bodied young men both with 
and without farming experience, who wish to work 
on farms. If you need a eood, steady, sober man, 
write for an order blank. Ours is a philanthropic 
organization and we make no charge to employer 
or employee. Our object is tho encouragement of 
farming among Jews. THE JEWISH AGRICULTURAL 
SOCIETY, 176 Second Avenue, New York City. 
Subscribers’ Exchange 
Complying with several suggestions received 
recently, we open a department here to enable 
RURAL NEW-YORKER readers to supply each 
other’s wants. If you want to buy or sell or 
exchange, make it known here. This Rate v/ill 
be 5 Cents a word, payable in advance. The 
name and address must he counted as part of 
the advertisement. Copy must reach us not 
later than Friday to appear in the following 
week. No display type used, and only Farm 
Products, Help and Positions Wanted admitted. 
For subscribers only. Dealers, jobbers and gen¬ 
eral manufacturers’ announcements not admit¬ 
ted here. Poultry, Eggs and other live stock 
advertisements will go under proper headings on 
other pages. Seed and Nursery advertisements 
will not be accepted for this column. 
WANTED—Woman for cook and general house¬ 
work. N. M. KISTLER, Emporia, Ya. 
FARMER WANTED — Experienced: married; 
permanent position. N. M. KISTLER, Em¬ 
poria, Ya. 
POULTRYMAN — Experience; single; reliable; 
best references. WEINTRAUB, 306 Ninth 
Are., New York. 
A FARMER’S DAUGHTER OF CHARACTER 
for housework: plain cooking; no washing or 
ironing. MRS. A. M. P. HALE, Byfield. Mass. 
WANTED—Girl desiring a good home in village, 
to help at housework: state wages and par¬ 
ticulars when replying. G. L. COOPER, Lyndon- 
ville, N. Y. 
WANTED—Sober, trustworthy single man to 
care for stock and general farm work. Good 
place for right man. F. C. W., care It. N.-Y., 
333 West 30th St., New York. 
FARM HELP—The New Y'ork State School of 
Agriculture at Morrisvllle, N. Y., can recom¬ 
mend several trained, practical young men. 
F. G. HELYAR, Director, Morrisville, N. Y. 
rOCLTRYMAN —Young man. some experience. 
Cornell training, desires situation on commer¬ 
cial up-to-date plant; no tobacco or intoxicants. 
SCHAUB 2004 Madison Are., New York. 
RIVER FARM, with established casli retail 
milk; produce route; stock, tools, etc; com¬ 
pletely equipped. Only $4,000. Worth investi¬ 
gating. “RIVERVIEW FARM,” Susquehanna. 
Pa. 
WANTED by practical, temperate, marric 1 
American, position as farm manager; profi¬ 
cient in all branches, and a judicious manager 
of long experience. BOX 1243. Southbridge, 
Mass. 
MIDDLE-AGED GERMAN—Single: experienced 
dairying, orcharding, poultry; wishes position 
witii practical farmer. New York. New Jersey; 
state wages. FAPPLOCK, 730 Washington St.. 
Iloboken. N. J. 
WANTED—Married man as active farmer and 
assistant foreman: farm and orchard cultiva¬ 
tion: state experience, qualifications and salary 
expected; give references. Address THE OR¬ 
CHARDS, Bennington, Vt. 
BUTTER-MAKER WANTED for Connecticut 
Agricultural College. $05 per month; at least 
21 years of age; must teach butter-making in 
laboratory, and Babcock Tester; creamery and 
agricultural college man preferred; unmarried. 
Non-assembled test for eligibility May loth. 
Get information and application' from State 
Civil Service Commission, CAPITOL, Hartford, 
Conn. 
MAPLE COVE FARM—Products direct to Con¬ 
sumers. ROUTE 24, Athens, Pa. 
PURCHASE ALFALFA HAY direct of the pro¬ 
ducer and save money. F. P. ERKENBECK, 
Fayetteville, N. Y. 
SEND SEWED MATERIAL for a pretty hit-and- 
miss rug. woven for 25 cents and upward. 
Address J. Iv. S., care R. N.-Y., 333 west 30th 
St., New York. 
OUR 105-ACRE HOME, with stock and tools, 
sacrificed for $35 per acre. Inquire owner. 
Rev. JOSEPH P. CARY. “Sweet Briar.” Cata- 
tonk, N. Y. 
TO RENT—-New cottage, furnished, overlooking 
Lake Champlain. For particulars address 
BOX 77, North Ferrisburg, Vt. 
90-ACRE FARM FOR SALE; good buildings; 
fine place to raise poultry; all kinds of fruit. 
Write for particulars. THOS. BURRLL’CK, 
Lincoln. Del. 
FARM, 82 ACRES. $2.S00—On main road: two 
miles to cars; house seven rooms; barn; 12 
acres woods: 40 minutes from Youngstown. O. 
L. ABELL. Cortland. Ohio. 
FOR SALE—Chautauqua grape farm, 90 acres; 
splendidly situated: fine buildings; $2,000 
down: liberal terms balance; description, photo¬ 
graphs upon request. HARRY STANSBURY, 
Forestville. X. Y. 
1G5 ACRES—Dairy and Maple Sugar Farm in 
Orange County, Vt.: 10-room house; 2 barns; 
silo; 500 maple sugar trees and orchard. $1,650. 
Cash, $S00. Inquire C. M. TUBBS, R. 5, Brat- 
tleboro, 1’ t. 
SHENANDOAH VALLEY FRUIT AND TRUCK 
Farm, within mile of Military Academy, 
female seminary and high school buildings. 
Address PRIVATE BOX. N. End Kent. Win¬ 
chester, Va. 
FRUIT. TRUCK, POULTRY FARM FOR SALE 
—36 acres, excellent location and market: good 
buildings: all kinds fruit: strong soil; with or 
without stock, etc.: buy direct, saving commis¬ 
sion. HOMER TWEED. Quakertown, Pa. 
MODEL POULTRY FARM—Successful business 
proposition, fully equipped with thoroughined 
stock; 35 acres; capacity 3,000; large dwelling, 
mile from railroad; profits will return 20 i er 
cent, on investment; $15,000, part cash. BOX 256, 
Beverly, N. J. 
FARM ABOUT 150 ACRES—half mile to cream¬ 
ery station; schools, Norwich University; 
hustling town; house and barn slate-roofed; 
running water in both: 10 cows. pigs, horses, 
wood, lumber. Price $5,000. SAM MATSON. 
Northfield, Vt. 
FOR SALE—94-acre farm, all tillable; one mile 
to milk station; one-eightli mile to school: 
telephone; R. D.; grand old house, basement, 
barn: maple-lined roadway; land in best of con¬ 
dition: always carried dairy. Price, with five 
cows, $6,000. OWNER, Box 165, Cazenovia. 
N. Y. 
FRl IT FARM FOR SALE—50 acres, near Bound 
Brook. N. J.; commercial plantings of peach, 
apple, grapes, berries, etc.: stone dwelling; fur 
naee; tenant bouse; poultry plant, stock and 
implements: fine views; good roads and mar¬ 
kets. Price $12,000. Address owner, T. W. 
AYRES, Fort Payne. Ala. 
