1!) 14. 
THE HUKAL Nk,W-'iulwv..p; 
SPRAYING TO SAVE MATERIAL. 
Personal Practice. —I have been in¬ 
terested in reading the amount of spray 
the “Hope Farm man” used on his trees 
this Spring. I notice that the amount 
he uses is about the same as that which 
is ordinarily recommended in the various 
agricultural publications, so it may prove 
interesting to some to know how a fruit 
grower who is undoubtedly equally par¬ 
ticular about doing a good job of spray¬ 
ing is able to get over a fine, healthy or¬ 
chard of 20-year-old trees (400 trees in 
all) with just 000 gallons of soluble oil. 
That is an average of only a gallon and 
a half of solution to a tree, yet I would 
be glad to see anyone who may be at 
all skeptical of the results look over our 
work. We accomplish these results by 
spraying in a way just opposite to that 
recommended at the New York Fruit 
Growers’ Association last year. There 
it was said, “One ought to spray against 
the wind.” We never do. Furthermore, 
while most fruit growers are . very par¬ 
ticular to insert from one to six new 
disks in th Friend nozzles per day, we 
use the old one from one to three years, 
all of which sounds very bad I’ll admit, 
but it is results that always count in 
the end, and we are convinced that we 
save fully as much time by our way of 
spraying as we save in material. Of 
course, I am limiting my remarks now to 
the dormant spraying. 
Appliances Used. —When we go out 
to spray at this season we see that every¬ 
thing is all shipshape with engine and 
hose (we use one of the older models of 
the Friend outfits). Then, we give the 
man in the tower a short rod with a 
straight nozzle. The man on the ground 
is provided with about 50 feet of line and 
a longer rod on which we place an angle 
nozzle tilted up. Then we set the pres¬ 
sure gauge to read from 200 to 275 
pounds pressure per square inch. That 
gives us a mist out of the nozzle even if 
the hole in the disk is an eighth of an 
inch across. 
Windy Weather Desired. —Now 
comes the strangest part of the way we 
spray; we want a good breeze to be 
blowing. The wind is what saves the 
spray for us. If there is a good strong 
east wind blowing we start in at the 
eastern side of the orchard and wet the 
first row well on the eastern side; as 
we turn back on the eastern side of the 
second row we find it very damp already, 
and probably the team will not have to 
stop before any individual tree in order 
for us to finish the job on the way back, 
and so we keep on across the orchard. 
Three-fourths of one day will easily cover 
the 400 20-year-ohl trees on one side, 
provided everything goes along well. 
Having done this, if the wind stays east, 
we work in our other orchards until it 
has swung around to the west. Then, 
we start in again and spray the rows 
from the west. As I said, we used just 
six 100-gallon tanks in this 20-year-old 
orchard. In an orchard in which are 
approximately 100 trees ranging from 50 
to 40 years of age we used just two tanks 
in spraying both ways. 
Advantages Of The Plan. —Our men 
have no occasion to get covered with 
spray; it is a job that we quickly get out 
of the way, and our results have been 
most satisfactory. Most of our trees are 
really sprayed completely about three 
times by this method, and yet even then, 
please take note that in that orchard of 
large healthy 20-year-old trees we used 
but one gallon and a half of fluid to the 
tree. Our method is almost as economi¬ 
cal of lime-sulphur as of oil. we have 
found in the past. The man who sprays 
against the wind, or on a day when there 
is no wind at all. drives in under the 
branches as far as lie can. takes his long 
unhandy 12-foot rod (a heavy thing by 
the time 5 p. m. approaches) and does 
his best to get in the middle branches; 
a limb four feet from his nozzle doesn’t 
get touched, but he himself is getting 
covered most of the time. It will take 
him and the helper below at least three 
or four minutes to do any kind of a job 
on a tree of only medium size, during 
which time his nozzle is running a contin¬ 
uous stream of high-priced material, let 
alone the cost of his time. 
Rapid And Efficient Work. —Our 
nozzles are running a pretty big stream 
of expensive material too most of the 
time, but we’re making very few stops. 
The mist from our nozzles looks like a 
sizable jet of steam, broken up still finer 
and projected with much extra force by 
the strong breeze behind it. If is carried 
horizontally straight through the trees. 
Spray with the same pressure on a still 
day and the particles of mist at once be¬ 
come readily distinguishable and fall 
straight to the ground, .lust one word 
further (as to the ultimate results of 
our methods). The jobber who handled 
over 1,200 barrels of our Baldwins last 
Winter remarked that finer Baldwins 
could hardly he grown in this country, 
lie has about two and a half carloads of 
Ben Davis in storage for us yet. Con¬ 
cerning these, he wrote us on the twen¬ 
tieth of March that he had sold 10 barrels 
of these (No. 1) for $5.25 per barrel, 
but that these were sold through the store 
more with the idea of getting a good look 
at the fruit than for the sale of mov¬ 
ing them. li. T. DEMAREST. 
Orange Co., N. Y. 
Killing Out Johnson Grass. 
A good many years ago under a former 
management The It. N.-Y. annually dis¬ 
tributed small quantities of seeds to its 
readers. The object was to distribute 
promising tested varieties, and also to 
obtain extended trials of novelties which 
possessed merit in some localities, but 
had not been fully tried out. Under this 
plan some of the best varieties now un¬ 
der cultivation were distributed and 
tested. Among other things, small pack¬ 
ages of Johnson grass were distributed. 
In parts of the South this grass had 
given most remarkable yield of forage, 
and it was thought that it might add 
greatly to the productive power of some 
of our lands in the Middle North and 
West. Unfortunately this grass proved 
to be a terrible pest on many farms, 
spreading as rapidly and as dangerously 
as witch grass, and causing an immense 
amount of trouble. In the South this 
grass became a terrible nuisance, al¬ 
though some stock men on cheap, damp 
land considered it a great blessing as a 
feed for their stock, until finally it got 
away from them, crawling out of their 
pastures into the cultivated fields of cot¬ 
ton and corn. Laws have been passed 
against propagating it, and the powers 
of the Department of Agriculture have 
been set in motion to devise schemes for 
killing it out. The Arizona Experiment 
Station has issued a pamphlet on the 
subject. One of the first things the 
Arizona Legislature did after the State 
was organized was to pass the Johnson 
Grass Law. This prohibited the trans¬ 
portation, commerce, or sowing of John¬ 
son grass in any form. It also prohibited 
the seeding of this grass along canals, 
public highways, or the railroad right of 
way. The State recognized Johnson 
grass as one of its worst invaders and 
enemies of farming. 
It is claimed that a heavy stand of 
this grass cuts down the value of an acre 
of irrigated land from $25 to $50. The 
worst places for the propagation of this 
grass are along the banks of the irrigat¬ 
ing ditches and canals, and also along the 
banks of the rivers. The most practical 
way of getting rid of it apparently is to 
keep sheep confined or herded upon the 
infested ditch banks and on waste seedy 
ground. The Johnson grass propagates 
not only from seed, but from underground 
roots as well, springing up from the 
joints so long as the plant has any life in 
it. As is the case with quack grass, one 
practical way of cleaning it out is.entire¬ 
ly to destroy the growth of the grass 
above ground. If the grass is cut off 
again and again it cannot, of course, 
make seed, which stops one method of 
propagation. If also the plant cannot 
make growth above ground the root sys¬ 
tem will die, as there must be a stem 
growing above ground to serve as the 
lungs of the plant. On land therefore 
that is heavily stocked with sheep, the 
Johnson grass will be killed out, for the 
sheep will nibble every spear of the grass 
down almost into the ground, thus pre¬ 
venting growth above ground, and de¬ 
stroying the underground roots. This 
same plan has been followed successfully 
in a number of cases in lighting quack 
grass, and it is more effective than the 
plan often used of seeding to a thick crop 
of buckwheat, or similar grain, so as to 
make a rank growth which will smother 
out the growth above ground. 
7 41 
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The Picture Shows 
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