824 
THE) RURAli NEW-YORKER 
June 13, 
PIT OR UNDERGROUND SILOS. 
S INCE mentioning those silos on page 
680 a circular from the Arizona Ex¬ 
periment Station has come. Out in 
that hot and dry country the pit silo is ad¬ 
vised, as they are not affected by the hot 
sun or scorching winds. The following 
description is given of the way such silos 
are made in Western Kansas. Of course 
this would not answer in humid sections 
where water stands near the surface: 
The silo is constructed in the follow¬ 
ing manner: A circular trench five or 
six inches wide and eight to 16 feet in¬ 
side diameter, depending on the size of 
the silo desired, is excavated to a depth 
of two or three feet with a very narrow 
long-handled spade. This ring is filled 
with strong concrete and allowed to hard¬ 
en ; thus no forms are required. The 
center is then excavated and the pit dug 
plumb with the inside of the curb. After 
the excavation has been carried down 
about five feet the walls are cemented 
with a one or two-inch layer of cement 
mortar, 1:2, applied with a plasterer’s 
trowel; a second five-foot section is then 
dug out and plastered. This is repeated 
until the proper depth is reached. This 
system of completing five-foot section as 
the pit is sunk does away with the need 
of scaffolding. The top ring should be 
carried up three or four feet above the 
general level with concrete or masonry 
and the ground sloped away from the 
pit so as to drain well. A roof is pro¬ 
vided which also forms the support for 
the hoist. The hoisting is done by block 
and tackle and a horse, or, if more con¬ 
venient, a hand windlass may be used. 
An overhead track leads from the silo 
along the line of feed racks so that the 
silage is handled only once, when loaded 
into the carrier in the silo. This carrier 
may be constructed so as to distribute 
the silage along the feed racks instead of 
dumping it in one place. Under no cir¬ 
cumstances should a permanent ladder 
be constructed in a silo, since it will 
cause the silage to spoil. It will be found 
convenient to provide three moveable lad¬ 
ders of different length to use as the level 
of the silage goes down. 
Before entering a pit silo be sure that 
it does not contain deadly gas. This is 
especially apt to occur during quiet 
weather. A candle or a scrap of burning 
paper may be used to test the pit; gas 
in quantity will dim or extinguish it. 
A WYANDOTTE BREEDER TALKS. 
O N page 724 you say the Standard 
type Wyandotte is a dumpy, sleepy, 
lazy-looking individual. You couid 
hardly be farther from the truth. She 
is as dainty, as alert and as handsome a 
piece of hen flesh as is bred. You should 
look at some of the prize winners at New 
York. The first pullet at the Garden, 
January, 1913. seemed to me to be the 
nearest to standard type I have ever seen, 
and if there was a lazy feather on her, I 
didn’t see it, and I spent a good bit look¬ 
ing at her. It is true the Wyandotte 
may not have the build of a racehorse, 
but like the truck horse, she can stand a 
lot of work. I for one don’t want a bird 
to go at top speed for a little while and 
then have to be rubbed down and rested. 
Give me one that can work hard and 
steady for a long spell, and laying eggs 
is work for a hen, which you will have 
to admit. 
If you had studied the birds at the 
first contest at Storrs, you would have 
seen that Mr. McConnell’s pen, that did 
so well, one of his birds laying 247 eggs 
in 336 days, contained birds nearer to 
the standard type than any other pen 
of Wyandottes. The long backed birds 
were the poorest of all. Beulah Farms’, 
the winners, five birds were all different 
shape. The Buff Orpington hen that 
made such a wonderful record had the 
single comb and whitish pink shanks of 
an Orpington, but that was all. She was 
nearer Wyandotte type than anything 
else. The breeder of the first pullet at 
the 1913 Palace show tells me she 
has been a splendid layer, and what is 
more, practically all her eggs are fertile 
and hatchable. One of my very best pul¬ 
lets, a prize winner, has layed steadily 
since last October and has not tried to 
sit yet. I think you will be very much 
disappointed when you see the New 
Standard for White Wyandottes, for 
they will not be changed to a “utility” 
type as Mr. Card says, he meaning I sup¬ 
pose, It. I. Red type, for he is a strong 
Red man, and of course they are the 
“only utility birds.” About the only 
change is a change in the wording of the 
description of the back, from short to 
moderately short. I doubt very much if 
one will notice much diffei’ence in type 
in the show room, for there are very 
few very short-backed birds among the 
winners, most are moderately short now. 
That word short has been very much 
abused, some judges taking it to mean 
no back, the hackle and tail meeting. It 
has been this wrong interpretation which 
has made some people think the Standard 
Vv yandotte was killed as an egg pro¬ 
ducer. True, some judges have required 
a no-back bird for the Standard said 
short, which can mean a lot. 
I really don’t think many who have 
bred White Wyandottes doubt that Mr. 
Barron’s birds are purebred. Off-shaped 
birds will come from the best of matings. 
I haven’t seen his birds as yet, but I 
venture to say that I have birds I know 
to be White Wyandottes, that are as far 
or farther from the Standard type than 
his, yet they of course are not to be com¬ 
pared with his as layers. Just because 
Ins birds have white lobes and R. I. Red 
backs, don’t think for one minute that 
that is the “secret.” It’s Mr. Barron. 
The trouble is that most people, like 
myself, pay very little attention to type 
so long as a bird lays. I am anxious to 
see if all of Mr. Barron’s birds are the 
same type, for I have a hunch that I 
shall find six or eight different ones. 
Mr. Graham of Massachusetts said at 
Storrs two years ago that there was no 
reason why a roly-poly White Wyan¬ 
dotte should not be just as good layer 
as a long-backed one. The trouble is 
people have assumed they were not. 
Why all this agitation over these 
White Wyandottes of Mr. Barron’s as 
to their purity? Are they any farther 
from the Standard type than his Leg¬ 
horns or many other birds in the con¬ 
test? I think not. I have seen Leghorns 
of Mr. Barron’s that were just as far 
off. I had the good fortune to hold birds 
for a judge when he was comparing them 
at a local show this past Winter and 
among the White Leghorn males was a 
Barron cock that was nearer Minorca 
shape than anything else. Also a Barron 
six-months-old pullet was coarser than 
any hen I ever saw, and no Leghorn 
shape. No one doubted that these birds 
were pure Leghorns. It is simply be¬ 
cause everyone has gone daffy over Leg¬ 
horns for eggs, and when any other 
breed shows them up, they are mongrels 
with Leghorn blood. There is no trou¬ 
ble with the Standard, or at least very 
little; it is with us, who don’t pay enough 
attention to it. The breed doesn’t make 
any difference, for the best one is the 
one you like the best. It is what a 
man can do with what he has, Don’t 
worry about the type, but tell us how 
to make any type lay. It is much more 
important, for there is no one typical 
egg type, at least those that know it, 
never seem to be able to pick it out. 
Mr. Barron, when picking out t! e great 
layers at Storrs, didn’t do it that way. 
Connecticut. g. M. allerton. 
T 
BUFFALO MARKETS. 
l HE markets are now full of home¬ 
grown lettuce, asparagus, green 
onions, radishes, all at low prices— 
lettuce, three heads for five cents, rad¬ 
ishes at two bunches for five cents. The 
old crop of onions is still dear, best home¬ 
grown not quoted wholesale at less than 
.$2.50 a bushel, but the green bunches are 
four for five cents. Asparagus in fine 
quality at five to seven cents a medium¬ 
sized bunch. Cabbage is still very high. 
Old beets, turnips and carrots have about 
disappeared, and as the new crop is not 
in to any great extent the prices are 
high. Retailers pay 25 cents up for new 
carrots and beets per dozen bunches, 
String beans are down to five cents a 
quart. There is still some supply of hot¬ 
house cucumbers at five cents each, and 
tomatoes at 15 cents for six. Straw¬ 
berries are fairly plenty at 12 cents a 
quart, the quality being very good. The 
home strawberry crop is likely to be in¬ 
jured by lack of rain. Apples sell at 
$3.50 to $5.50 per barrel, wholesale, and 
12 to 15 cents a measure of about six 
fine-looking western specimens. The 
promise is of a big new crop, but next 
to no home-grown peaches. Potatoes re¬ 
main stationary at not over 85 cents 
wholesale, but retailers usually ask $1 a 
bushel Butter is quoted strong, but not 
above 28 cents wholesale, and 29 to 32 
cents to the consumer for best grades. 
J. W. C. 
May 19. Farmers are late in planting 
their crops, owing to so much wet weath¬ 
er. A few pieces of oats have been sown. 
There is no demand for cows on account 
of the low prices for dairy products. 
Butter brings only 23 and milk sold to a 
shipping station for $1.05 per cwt. Seed 
buckwheat $1 per bushel; oats 55; meal 
$1.45 per cwt.; eggs 20. P. s. s. 
Mayville, N. Y. 
Horses are selling for $125 to $200; 
cattle 7% cents; calves $25 to $30 each; 
hogs 7 V 2 to 7% cents; sheep five to 5*4; 
lambs $7.50 to $S.50 per head; wool 20 
cents; butter 25; eggs 16; poultry and 
hens 13; roosters six; geese 10. Pota¬ 
toes $1; wheat 88; rye 75; oats 40; 
corn 75; hay $15. This is a stock coun¬ 
try, and rye, oats, corn and hay are 
shipped in, making prices we receive 
higher than would otherwise be. 
Elmer, Mo. j. e. m. 
May 21. We are getting the following 
prices for our farm products: Milk $1.40 
per cwt.; we sell to the condensers. But¬ 
ter 25; eggs 20; potatoes three-quarter 
cent per pound; oats $20 per ton; hay 
$12 per ton; straw $4 per ton. Hogs 
eight cents on foot; cattle 8Ms on foot. 
We do not raise any fruit for the market, 
nor vegetables. We are buying onions 
for our store for 5^4 cents; they come 
from Australia. We are also buying some 
Australian beef for our boarding house, 
paying 10 cents delivered at our station. 
This is a dairy country. The principle 
crops are hay and oats. Most of the 
farmers sell their milk or cream to the 
condensers or creameries. Cows are high. 
Almost any kind of a cow will sell for 
$100 or more. Many have sold this year 
for $150. No wheat raised here except 
for feed. Most of our vegetables and 
fruit comes from eastern Washington and 
California. r, g. b. 
Belleville, Wash. 
SEPARATORS 
Used exclusively by 
QOft/ of the World’s 
ZJ\j /O Creameries 
TEN YEARS AGO THERE WERE 
a dozen different makes of creamery 
or factory separators in use. Today 
over 98 per cent of the world’s 
creameries use De Laval Separators 
exclusively. 
IT MEANS A DIFFERENCE OF 
several thousand dollars a year wheth¬ 
er a De Laval or some other make of 
separator is used in a creamery. 
EXACTLY THE SAME DIFFER- 
ences exist, on a smaller scale, in 
the use of farm separators. Owing 
to the fact, however, that most farm 
users do not keep as accurate records 
as the creameryman, or test their 
skim-milk with the Babcock tester, 
they do not appreciate just what the 
difference between a good and a 
poor separator means to them in 
dollars and cents. 
NOW, IF YOU WERE IN NEED 
of legal advice, you would go to a 
lawyer. If you were sick you would 
consult a doctor. If you had the 
toothache you would call on a dent¬ 
ist. Why? Because these men are 
all specialists in their line, and you 
rely upon their judgment and skill. 
WHEN IT COMES TO BUYING A 
separator why not profit by the ex¬ 
perience of the creameryman which 
qualifies him to advise you correct¬ 
ly ? He knows which separator will 
give you the best service and be the 
most economical for you to buy. 
That’s why 98 per cent of the 
world’s creameries and milk dealers 
use the De Laval exclusively. 
THERE CAN BE NO BETTER 
recommendation for the De Laval 
than the fact that the men who 
make the separation of milk a busi¬ 
ness use the De Laval to the prac¬ 
tical exclusion of all other makes of 
cream separators 
Your local De Laval agent will be glad to let you try a De Laval 
for yourself on your own place. If you don’t know the nearest 
De Laval agency simply write the nearest main office, as below. 
The De Laval Separator Co., 29 E. Madison St., Chicago 
50,000 BRANCHES AND LOCAL AGENCIES THE WORLD OVER 
glEDNDlQ 
Drives 
Away 
r-'i • - Creonoid is a pow- 
I 116S erful, non-poison- 
ous, inexpensive 
creosote product 
which is obnoxious to insects but 
not to animals or fowl. Spray it on 
cows to keep them from being tor¬ 
mented by flies. Spray in the hen¬ 
nery to exterminate lice. Result 
will be more eggs and more milk. 
At most dealers. 
BARRETT MANUFACTURING CO. 
New York Chicago Philadelphia St.Louia 
Pittsburgh Boston Cleveland . 
Kansas City Seattle Cincinnati 
Minneapolis Birmingham 
Why 
Feed 
Flies 
AND 
UPWARD 
ON TRIAL. 
15 
AMERICAN 
CREAM 
SEPARATOR 
A SOLID PROPOSITION to 
send fully guaranteed, a new. 
well made, easy running, perfect 
skimming separator for $15.95. 
Skims warm or cold milk; mak¬ 
ing heavy or light cream. The 
bowl is a sanitary marvel, easily 
cleaned. 
Absolutely on Approval. 
Gears thoroughly protected. 
Different from this picture, 
which illustrates our largo 
capacity machines. Western 
ordors filled from Western 
P oints. Whether your dairy is 
arge or small write for our 
handsome free catalog. Ad¬ 
dress: 
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO. 
You can get more cow’s 
milk, more horse strength, 
more hog fat, if you keep off 
flies. 
Use 
Sirenia Oil 
It is feed economy and animal satisfaction. 
Sirenia is made of pure oils. Sirenia is 
applied with a cloth, no sprayer necessary. 
Ask your dealer for a dollar can of it. Do 
not buy a substitute. There isn’t any. If 
your dealer doesn’t handle, send us his 
name and a one dollar bill and we will send 
a one dollar can, postpaid. 
We Will Refund Your Money II Not Satisfied 
Drives flies from cattle and horses, fleas 
from hogs and dogs, lice from poultry, ticks 
from sheep. It will also heal sores or 
scratches on animals. Send a dollar now; or 
write us a card 
for the endorse¬ 
ments of users 
who wouldn’t be 
without it. 
United States 
Whip Co. 
Westfield, Mass. 
Box 1075 
BAINBRIDGE, 
N. Y. 
Send Your Boys and Girls to 
The NewYork State School of Agriculture 
at Morrisville, N. Y. 
Hrlenllfic and Practical Instruction in 
Agriculture and Home Economics 
Excellent Equipment in all branches. 200-Acre Farm. 
Most wholesome environments. Tuition free to resi¬ 
dents of New York State. Entrance requirements 
moderate. For Catalogue write 
F. G. Hclyar, Director, Drawer C, Morrisville, N. Y. 
400,000 
Settler 
etYeetr 
Immigration figures show that the population 
of Canada increased during 1913, by the addition 
of 400,000 new settlers from the United States 
and Europe. Most of these have gone on farms 
in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. 
Lord William Percy, an English Nobleman 
says: 
"The possibilities and opportunities offered by 
the Canadian West are so Infinitely greator 
than those which exist in England, that It 
seems absurd to think that people should be 
impeded from coming to the country whore 
they can most easily and certainly lmprovo 
their position.” 
New districts are being opened up, 
which will make accessible a great 
number of homesteads in districts 
especially adapted to mixed fann¬ 
ing and grain raising. 
For illustrated literature and 
reduced railway rates, apply to 
Superintendent of Immigration, 
Ottuwu, Canada, or to the 
Canadian Government Agent. 
J. S. Crawford, 
301 E. Genesee Street, 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
FARMS 
™ and POULTRY OENTR 
Send for our FARM CAT¬ 
ALOGUE. 100 VIEWS of 
FRUIT, POULTRY and 
GENERAL FARMS in or 
near VINELAND.the FRUIT 
ami POULTRY CENTRE of NEW JERSEY. Health¬ 
ful climate. Mild Winter, Purest Water. Unex¬ 
celled Markets. Within 100 miles of TEN MILT.ION 
people. BRAY & MACGEOROE, LARGEST FARM 
AGENCY in SOUTH JERSEY, 1077 Drexel Building, 
Philadelphia, Pa., or Vineland, N. J. 
to cloie 
estate at 
once. 
Executor Must Sacrifice 
Listen to this: 114 acres. 7-room liouso, twostories 
ami porch. Barn 40x48. Granary, milk house, 
apples, cherries: 4 miles to railroad town. Build¬ 
ings insured for $1,800. Price. $1,500; partcash Cata¬ 
logue No. 95. HALL’S FARM AGENCY, Oweuo,Tioga Co N Y. 
Handy 
Binder 
TUST the thing for pre- 
u serving flies of The 
Rural New-Yorker. Dura¬ 
ble and cheap. Sent poet- 
paid for 25 cents. 
The Rural New-Yorker, 
333 W. 30th St., N. Y. City. 
