626 
THE RURA.L, NEW-YORKER 
July 18, 
Trouble With Young Turkeys. 
I K the feeding of wild buckwheat harm¬ 
ful to young turkeys? My growing 
stock, which until they had attained 
pigeon size, had never been ailing, is 
dying fast. I find that lungs bear whitish 
spots, mostly round and some half an 
inch across; gizzards almost tilled with 
undigested wild buckwheat seed, a small 
percentage of which is contained in the 
feed I get here. I have cut out this feed 
and secured wheat, which I am now feed¬ 
ing in connection with crumbly bran 
mash, sour milk, and bone meal. c. B. 
Alabama. 
I do not know of wild buckwheat seed 
proving fatal to turkeys, and think it 
more probable that your young turkeys 
are dying from some infection, very like¬ 
ly blackhead. In this disease, which is 
prevalent over the greater part of the 
country, the liver and “blind gut” of the 
intestines are found studded with such 
spots as you describe in the lungs and 
the latter organs may also contain them. 
Tuberculosis of the lungs would also pro¬ 
duce such spots, but this is comparatively 
rare in fowls, the intestines being usually 
the seat of tuberculosis in feathered ani¬ 
mals. There is no known cure for black¬ 
head. The disease most frequently makes 
its appearance when the turkeys are 
from one-third to one-half grown; they 
become sleepy, stupid, emanciated, lag 
behind the rest of the flock and in a few 
days from the time they are observed to 
be markedly affected are found dead. 
This disease has practically put an end 
to turkey raising on a large scale in 
some of the Northern States, notably 
Rhode Island, which was once famous 
for its turkeys. Another infectious dis¬ 
ease, aspergillosis, would also produce 
tubercles, such as you describe, in the 
lungs, but this also is comparatively rare. 
M. B. D. 
Ailing Chicks ; Broody Hens ; Soft Yolks. 
I HATCHED, under a hen, seven chicks. 
Two did not become larger or grow 
new feathers. They refused to eat. 
We fed them every day by opening their 
mouths and dropping in sour milk with a 
medicine dropper and sometimes a little 
chick feed. After they were four or five 
days old we found one louse on each, but 
after that they seemed no better. One 
died on eighth day. The other still lives 
and slowly gains but is even now fed by 
hand. I would like to know the cause 
and prevention. 2. What is the best way 
to “break up” broody hens. 3. I have 
a neighbor who occasionally finds an egg 
with yolk and white together, resembling 
a rotten egg. The eggs are collected regu¬ 
lar and are certainly fresh when found in 
this condition. Will you tell me how the 
hen laying these eggs can be found also 
the cause and prevention. Ji. F. s. 
II 1. These chicks that did not develop 
properly were lacking in vigor, very like¬ 
ly as the result of the same lack in one 
or both parents. Such chicks should be 
killed for the good of the race. Only 
vigorous chicks are worth raising. 
y 2. Place broody hens in a separate com- 
' partment. with no nests or place to make 
tln*m. Water copiously, feed sparingly 
and wait patiently. A few days of isola¬ 
tion will usually “break up” Leghorns; 
some of the larger breeds require isola¬ 
tion, moral suasion, starvation, and final¬ 
ly decapitation. 
3. These hens laying occasional eggs 
with soft yolks should have green stuff, 
including clover, if possible, animal food 
of some kind and as much range as pos¬ 
sible. If one hen only is responsible, she 
is probably “out of condition” and may 
recover. I know of no way of detecting 
her without trap-nesting and breaking 
each egg laid until she is found. 
M. B. D. 
Trouble With Hatching. 
I SET an incubator with 120 hen eggs 
and 38 duck eggs. I hatched out 5 
chickens. The rest of the eggs 
formed chicks, all but three which were 
rotten. The incubator was kept at 102 
degrees and the eggs were turned and 
sprinkled regularly. What was the trou¬ 
ble? Was it in having the hens and duck 
eggs set together in the incubator? 2. 
How many cockerels should there be in 
a flock of 60 hens? M. 
New York. 
1. Hen and duck eggs should not be 
incubated together, but you ran this ma¬ 
chine at too low a temperature if you 
kept it at 102 degrees throughout the 
hatch. An incubator should be run at 
the temperature advised by the manu¬ 
facturers, which is usually from 102 to 
103 during the first week, and at 103, 
or a little above, for the remainder of 
the time. 2. Sixty hens of the smaller 
breeds should have two vigorous cockerels 
with them, and the same number of hens 
of the larger varieties would better have 
three, though two might be sufficient. 
M. B. D. 
Hens With Inflamed Eyes. 
S EVERAL hens are taken with a run¬ 
ning from the eye; it swells up and 
matter seems to force out. We seem 
unable to cure them. What is the trou¬ 
ble? w. L. B. 
New York. 
This is a catarrhal disease of the eye 
usually connected with a similar inflam¬ 
mation of the lining membrane of the 
nostrils, which membrane is continuous 
with that of the eyeball. It is due to 
exposure to dampness, drafts, etc., and in 
some cases is infectious spreading from 
one fowl to another. It is also one of 
the preliminary symptoms of roup. In 
simple inflammation of the eye, or con¬ 
junctivitis. is is usually sufficient to place 
the affected fowls by themselves in warm 
dry quarters, add permanganate of pot¬ 
ash crystals, a teaspoonful to the quart, 
to their drinking water, and dip their 
heads into the same solution. If the dis¬ 
ease shows a marked tendency to spread, 
promptly isolate all affected fowls, dis¬ 
infect their quarters and utensils, use 
the permanganate of potash solution free¬ 
ly, and burn or bury any fowls that die 
from the disease. Simple inflammation 
shows a tendency to recover, the conta¬ 
gious or roupy form should be dealt with 
vigorously until eradicated from the 
flock ; isolation and disinfection being the 
chief remedial measures. M. B. 1). 
Sprinkling Hatching Eggs. 
I SET a hen and in the required 
length of time for her to hatch I 
could hear chicks in the shell, but 
they did not hatch. Some told me to 
sprinkle eggs with water, but I was 
doubtful as to results, and did not. 
Should I have sprinkled the eggs or 
not? N. T. B. 
New York. 
It is not necessary to sprinkle eggs 
set under hens, and the fact that the 
eggs did not hatch shows only that they 
did not contain germs of sufficient vital¬ 
ity to complete the process of develop¬ 
ment and emerge from the shell. This 
is pre-supposing of course, that the hen 
attended properly to her job. The 
writer recently hatched 44 chicks from 
48 eggs set in crates of perfectly dry 
hay on a board floor over a basement. 
Not much chance for outside moisture 
to have reached them, and with the 
additional handicap of having been 
shipped several hundred miles by ex¬ 
press. M. B. D. 
English Leghorns Bred in America. 
R EGARDING Mr. ffrr’s query on page 
810 as whether the progeny of Mr. 
Barron’s birds can keep up the good 
work for American breeders, I wish to 
say I imported a pen of Mr. Barron's 
AVhite Leghorns in March, 1913, the 
male in this pen being a brother to the 
pen that won at Storrs last year, the 
birds there being sisters. Ten daughters 
of the pen I imported are in the Missouri 
egg-laying contest, being pen 07. These 
10 pullets were not especially selected. I 
took the 10 earliest I had, and they were 
not mature enough by two months. How¬ 
ever. in April the 10 laid 240 eggs, taking 
third place in the contest for the month. 
In May they laid 227 eggs. In the April 
report pullet No. 675 had laid 116 eggs 
in five months, only three pullets in the 
entire contest laying more. These are 
all pure Barron strain, raised by me here 
in Missouri. I have been breeding pure¬ 
bred poultry for 13 years and have taken 
hundreds of ribbons at the smaller shows, 
and some at the larger ones in this State, 
and I find that the Barron line will breed 
as true to their type as any line of show 
birds I have ever handled will to stand¬ 
ard type. 
Mr. Barron’s birds will not all produce 
like his winning pens last year, but they 
are bred right to produce, and I believe 
will prove a success under ordinary con¬ 
ditions in this country. If they had to 
have ideal conditions and be pampered 
and petted to lay well, they would not 
suit me, but under ordinary farm treat¬ 
ment they have laid better than any 
flock I have ever owned, and are giving 
me satisfaction. j. r. mooney. 
E GGS AND TRAP NESTS.—George 
A. Cosgrove asked about “A Chick¬ 
en Man’s Honor.” Why not sell 
eggs on understanding that they be prop¬ 
erly tested, and if found infertile, re¬ 
turned to him prepaid for inspection, then 
if claim is proven, send prepaid for noth¬ 
ing or at one-half price a new setting. 
This system balances and seems fair to 
both sides. Long ago a woman asked how 
to make a trap-nest substitute. Divide 
the pen with wire or other partition. In 
this partition set nests which can be en¬ 
tered from one side only and can be left 
from the opposite side only. Leaving 
feed in litter both sides and water and 
dry mash so as to be reached from both 
sides. The hens go through nests to op¬ 
posite side of partition. At convenient 
times count eggs in nests, hens who have 
passed through nests and you can tell 
which hens laid the eggs, but not which 
hen laid any particular egg. Once in a 
while a hen will go through a nest with¬ 
out paying toll, but generally—nine times 
out of ten—the person who is too busy 
to trap-nest properly can tell which hens 
do lay and of course they should be band¬ 
ed, note made of their number, and a 
pretty satisfactory record obtained. 
Connecticut. georue e. ckosby jk. 
inferior fruit and 
been able to corn- 
stall people, who 
BUFFALO MARKETS. 
T HE strawberry season is about ended. 
It has been only moderate as to 
supply, with prices rather higher than 
usual, really desirable fruit seldom 
selling for less than 10 cents a quart. 
More pains than usual has been taken to 
keep the fruit in marketable condition. 
Some city grocers have made a reputation 
for refusing to handle 
in this way they have 
pete with the market 
will often offer fruit that looks well on 
top, but is soft below. As usual the 
local crop was not sold for any less than 
earlier southern fruit. Red raspberries 
are now coming in at 15 to 18 cents a 
quart, retail. Some peaches have ap¬ 
peared at fair prices and it is said that 
the failure of the home crop will not cut 
out the supply. Potatoes are higher. 
Retailers ask .$1.75 for new southern, 
which are now crowding out the Ber¬ 
mudas. Dealers pay $4.S5 for new Mary¬ 
land Eastern Shore per barrel. Dry 
weather is holding back the late home 
crop. Cabbage and onions are still high. 
Small new home-grown cabbage retails at 
five cents and southern to retailers is 
$1.50 per crate. California onions are 
quoted at $3.85 per crate. The home¬ 
grown green supply is larger, retailing 
at three bunches for 10 cents, as are 
beets and carrots. Peas are now going 
to canning factories in quantity, a fail- 
crop. The price to retailers is $2 to $2.50 
per bag. Fine cucumbers retail at two 
for five cents or 50 cents a dozen to 
dealers, tomatoes $2 per box. String 
beans are five cents a quart or $2 per 
hamper. Cherries are in fair supply at 
10 to 12 cents a quart or 40 cents a six- 
pound basket. Blackberries are tempor¬ 
arily out, but blueberries are arriving, 
retailing at 14 cents a quart; blackberries 
10 to 12 cents; gooseberries 10 cents. 
There are new southern apples at $2 per 
hamper and a few cold-storage of fine ap¬ 
pearance at about two cents each, though 
buyers say they are fast losing then- 
taste. Melons are becoming plenty, small 
muskmelons retailing at two for five cents 
or $2.50 per crate wholesale and water¬ 
melons at 40 cents each retail and 30 
cents wholesale. There are no squashes 
yet. Butter is in light demand at form¬ 
er prices. The highest retail price is 30 
cents, with extra creamery prints touch¬ 
ing 29 cents wholesale, down to 14 cents 
for all sorts of poor butter. Margarine 
is not regularly quoted, but Chicago 
brands sell at about 10 cents under but¬ 
ter. Eggs are strong and active, the 
wholesale range being 21 to 25 cents, 
with best fresh retailing at 25 to 27 
cents. Poultry is scarce; wholesale prices 
are 15 to 17 cents for live turkey and 21 
to 22 for dressed; fancy fowl, 16 to 17 
cents, live; 17 to 18 cents dressed. Ducks 
are 14 to 16 cents live; dressed Spring 
17 to 18 cents per pound. Fancy broiler 
chickens are down to 22 to 23 cents for 
1*4 to two pounds and two cents lower 
for heavier. j. w. c. 
P EACHES are a total failure in this 
section this year. Apples are look¬ 
ing fine and promise about one-half 
or a little more of a crop; pears, one-half 
crop; cherries are a big crop here, prices 
low. Some hay crops are very light here. 
Wheat is looking fairly well. Oats and 
corn went in so late they are very back¬ 
ward but are growing fast because the 
recent nice rains. Considerable cabbage 
has been planted in this vicinity and is 
looking well. w. D. s. 
Newfane, N. Y. 
L ONG ISLAND is looking its best and 
everything favorable for one of the 
bumper years. I just finished a 
tour out as far as Shelter Island on one 
side and back to New York the other and 
also through the center. Planting of po¬ 
tatoes seems about normal, and a good 
crop is in sight. Cauliflower planting is 
about over and that crop looks fine. The 
cabbage seed crop is bound to be good. The 
truck farmers on the west end have got 
the goods and they seem to get the price 
this year. It is gratifying to see in the 
sands of the central part how they are 
displacing the scrub pine with line fruit 
trees and good crops. To make a little 
study of what one sees, in going over the- 
ceutral part of the Island he would be 
led to believe that the thousands of idle 
acres could be transformed into useful 
farms. But the real estate shark has 
killed the prospect for the farms. He 
can pay a high figure for cheap land when 
ho buys and sells on paper. So we are 
bound to keep the idle acres for years to 
come. t. t. 
Fo r a Heavy 
Summer Growth 
—of any legume—alfalfa, clovor, votcli, 
peas, beans, etc.—thero is nothing like in¬ 
oculating the seed with 
Ferguson’s 
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ties of Bacteria necessary for the inocula¬ 
tion of any legume. 
This is no experiment, as hundreds of 
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what they have done. 
Costs only a fraction as much as 
the best commercial fertilizer 
Quarter-acre quantity, 50c.; 1 acre, $2; 
5 acres, $1*. Let us explain why you neod 
Nitrogen Bacteria and why Ferguson’s is 
best. Write for special booklet N—free. 
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STATE & WARREN STS., TRENTON, N. J. ESTABLISHED 1908 
ROOFING 
-85 CENTS ROLL— 108 Feot. 
Nails, Cement. RUBBER ROOFING 
CO., 5 Cortlandt St., New York 
BOOKS WORTH BUYING 
The Rose, Parsons. 1.00 
Plant Diseases, Massee. 1.60 
Landscape Gardening, Maynard.... 1.50 
Clovers, Shaw. 1.00 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
333 WEST 30th ST., NEW YORK. 
COSTS LESS 
TO KEEP IN 
REPAIR THAN 
ANY OTHER 
DIGGER 
Digging Potatoes 
with an 
'IRONAGE 
Adjustable in every 
necessary way and 
easily controlled. 
is like finding money because tho work is so easily and economic¬ 
ally done. You can dig in one hour all that a market wagon can 
carry to town. Saves time, saves labor, gets all the potatoes, helps 
you get to an early market when tho price is right. 
Four styles from which to choose the one that suits your 
conditions best. You pay for, and your horses draw, only 
what you need. 
We have been making Diggers 10 years and know 
what to build tor this work. Our booklet mils tho 
whole story in an understandable way. May we send it? 
BATEMAN M’F’G CO. 
