1914. 
THE KURAt NEW-YORKER 
G^Q 
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WOMAN AND HOME 
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C areless Methods. —Several years ago, 
in company with another young man, 
I spent a few days at a farmhouse back 
upon the hills many miles from a railroad. 
This farmer kept about a dozen cows. 
As it was late in 
the Fall, and the 
cows nearly dry, 
the local creamery 
was running only 
every other day. I 
helped milk the 
first night. The 
milk was strained 
into the can, and 
the can left stand¬ 
ing in the cow 
stable all night, all the next day, 
and the following night. The second 
morning it was duly delivered to the 
creamery. For 10 years I have been won¬ 
dering how that buttermaker could make 
“fancy creamery butter” out of milk 
cared for in that way. This may have 
been an extreme case, but one thing is 
certain—that is, more care and attention 
is being given to the production of good, 
clean milk than ever before. 
Primary Requisites. —A good many 
farmers have the idea that it is absolutely 
necessary to have expensive stables, con¬ 
crete floors, metal stanchions, etc., before 
they can get a high score. Of course 
these things all help, but in the milk busi¬ 
ness, as well as in other lines, it is the 
little things that count. To prove this, 
and with the hope that this article will 
be of some benefit to some other young 
farmers who, like ourselves, have bought 
a farm and run heavily in debt, I will 
give some of our dairy experiences of the 
past six years. 
The Milk Inspector. —A short time 
after we moved here, one afternoon I hap¬ 
pened to look out of the window and saw 
a drnlish young fellow come out of the 
cows’ stable and drive rapidly away. I 
looked around, and not finding anything 
gone, thought no more about it until a 
week or so later, when I received a letter 
from the secretary of the Board of Health 
informing us that unless we put in a con¬ 
crete floor and gave each cow so many 
square feet of light and cubic feet of air, 
etc., our milk would be rejected by the 
city. I promptly threw the letter into 
the stove, and declared we would get a 
separator and make butter. But the good 
wife, who is nothing if not diplomatic, 
and moreover does not like to make but¬ 
ter, wrote a nice letter, explaining that 
we had just bought the place, and could 
not afford to make the improvements men¬ 
tioned just then, but hoped to be able to 
do so later. That was the last we ever 
heard from the secretary. 
Currying Cows.—A few months later, 
one night, after I had been cleaning off 
the horses, the idea somehow got into my 
head that it might possibly be a good plan 
to clean off the cows. I had been brought 
up on a farm and had worked for a good 
many different farmers, but I don’t think 
I ever saw a currycomb used on a cow 
before. The next morning the cows were 
all alive, and I really thought they gave 
a little more milk. I have tested it thor¬ 
oughly since, and am sure that the time 
spent in cleaning off a good cow is time 
well employed, even if you care nothing 
about the improvement in looks. 
Some Improvements. —When we moved 
here the hogpen was along one side of the 
barnyard, only a few feet from the cow 
stable. The inspector always cut us a 
point on this account, so I told the boy 
he could have it for a henhouse, and he 
must look to them for all his spending 
money. A couple of new windows made 
a nice henhouse that would accommodate 
110 or 40 hens. The boy made more out 
of those hens than I ever had out of pigs. 
This has nothing to do with the milk 
business, only it shoved our score up an¬ 
other notch. 
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_ _ t 11 
Making a High Scoring Milk 
Steps Up the Scale 
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More Inspectors. —The second inspect¬ 
or was from the State Agricultural De¬ 
partment, and claimed to have been a 
farmer. lie gave us a couple of points 
on account of the cows being clean. He 
also said it was all right to use horse- 
manure in the drop as an absorbent, a 
thing some of the city inspectors had been 
kicking about. lie also showed me how 
I could fix the drop so as to keep the 
cows cleaner, and left a score card. Then 
I began to think that possibly an inspect¬ 
or might be of some use in the world. 
The following Spring inspector No. 3 
came along. He seemed possessed of one 
single idea, and that was whitewash. He 
said he would try to get the company to 
buy a big sprayer and loan it to the farm¬ 
ers. The company did that very thing 
afterward. 
Whitewash. — I reasoned that lime was 
cheap, and so one rainy day I went at it. 
The stable had never seen a drop of white¬ 
wash. When I had gone over one side 
with a brush, I decided to work with a 
hoe and trowel 
first. I dug, scrap-- 
ed and brushed un¬ 
til I had worked 
such a transforma¬ 
tion that when the 
cows came in at 
night they did not 
know where they 
were. But a brush 
goes rather slowly, 
especially over¬ 
head ; you get it in 
the eyes, and when 
the last spot was 
covered I was very 
glad. 
Spraying 
W ii 1 t e w a s H. 
— The following 
Spring the worms 
threatened to de¬ 
stroy some choice 
fruit trees. We de¬ 
cided to get a 
small sprayer to save them. It cost 
about $4, and was recommended to 
put on whitewash. Since then twice a 
year we take some lumps of stone lime, 
put them in an old tub, pour on boiling 
water, cover with a sack until it stops 
boiling, then add cold water until we get 
it thin and cool enough not to spoil the 
hose of the sprayer. It doesn’t take very 
long to do the work, but it counted three 
points on our score card. 
Lst 
“ Whitewashing.” 
The Milk-House. —For some time the 
company had been urging all its patrons 
to put up milk-houses. I will tell you 
what decided me to do so. A few years 
before there hail been a State inspector 
around looking for watered milk. When 
a certain man drove up water was found 
in his milk, and he had to settle. Now, 
I had always believed this man to be hon¬ 
est, and do yet. I also knew that there 
were some people living in his vicinity 
who were none too good to take out milk 
and put in water. This man told me he 
did not mind paying the fine as much as 
he did the fact that if he lived to be SO 
years old he would be sure to hear of the 
water deal any time some one got pro¬ 
voked with him. I didn’t want anyone 
meddling with our milk. As soon as we 
could afford it I commenced drawing 
stone, gravel and cement for the founda¬ 
tion of a little milk house. After we had 
the floor finished, and before the frame 
was started, another inspector came 
along. He was a Board of Health man, 
and the sharpest and best up to this time. 
Whenever I think of him I think of a 
little joke he experienced when visiting a 
back farmer. After looking around in the 
cow stable, he asked the farmer when he 
had whitewashed the stable. The farmer 
replied, “Three or four months ago.” The 
German inspector quickly said: “Vhy 
then you no vhitevash over my name I 
wrote here two years ago?” The farmer 
had nothing to say. The inspector asked 
me how I intended to build the milk- 
house. I told him where I was going to 
put a door opening into, the wagon-house. 
“Now, my friend,” he said, “don’t do 
that.” He showed me where that would 
cut off one point; also said get a wash- 
dish, towel, soap and dipper to put in thu 
milk-house when completed. We did so 
and I have washed my hands many time.' 
when I would not have taken the time to 
go to the house. By exchanging work 
with another farmer, who is a better car¬ 
penter than I am, the milk-house was 
finished, and all it cost us was the cement, 
siding and ceiling-up lumber and roofing 
paper. After I had painted it, and the 
paint well dried, I was well pleased as 
I snapped the lock that at last our milk 
was safe. 
Straining the Milk. —About this time 
the manager of the station tried out a 
little scheme that was rather cute. There 
was a little steam-heated vessel. A pint 
of each patron’s milk was put in and al¬ 
lowed to filter through a small pad of 
cotton. This pad was then put on a 
pasteboard under that patron’s number. 
The cardboard was then hung up, so every 
one could see his own and his neighbor’s 
pad. Those pads showed up every bit of 
sediment in the milk, and there were 
some very brown samples the first time. 
This test proved two things. One was 
that milk from some of the best-scoring 
stables was no cleaner than the milk from 
some who had no concrete floors, etc. 
The other was, that cheesecloth strainers 
were no good. The manager advised us 
to get outing flannel and put the fuzzy 
side up. After we had done so, the little 
cotton pads began to look better. 
Sanitary Milk Pails. —I think the 
next step we took up the percentage col¬ 
umn was when the company sent out a 
few sanitary milk pails with eight-inch 
opening for the farmers to try. The com¬ 
pany would furnish them at cost if the 
farmers would buy and use them. The 
two points which this would give us on 
score tempted me to get one. However, 
I cannot say I have yet got to the point 
where I can say I really enjoy using it, 
although it does keep a lot of dirt out of 
the milk. 
Further Inspection. — The company 
next tried the plan of hiring a couple of 
young fellows who were graduates of a 
veterinary college, who were to inspect 
stables and examine the cows at the same 
time. I never happened to be at home 
when the first one called, but .the neigh¬ 
bors all spoke very highly of Lim, declar¬ 
ing that he seemed to be well qualified 
for his position and a nice fellow to get 
along with. He must be working in an¬ 
other section, as he has not been here r 
a couple of years. The other young fel¬ 
low has been here several times. At first 
I never cared to see a milk inspector 
drive up to the barn; now I can truth¬ 
fully say I enjoy their visits. This one 
especially, if he has time, will sit on a 
milk-stool and talk over anything per¬ 
taining to the milk business. He has 
helped us by suggestions that have been 
Vorth many dollars to us, as I will try to 
show later. 
Changing Conditions. —Up to this 
time I will admit it had never seemed to 
me to be of any particular use to take 
any extra care with our milk, as I knew 
it was all thrown together at the station. 
Of course I wanted our milk to be as good 
as the average, but did not think it did 
any good to have it much better. After a 
talk with the company’s inspector, it be¬ 
gan to dawn upon me that a new order 
of things was about due in the dairy busi¬ 
ness in our section. The company had 
recently purchased another station at our 
place. The inspector told us they pro¬ 
posed to make a model station and make 
two grades of milk. All dairies that 
scored 25 per cent, in equipment and 43 
per cent, in methods would be taken in 
at the new station as soon as it could be 
completed, and would be paid a premium 
of 10 cents per hundred pounds. Then 
samples would be taken and sent away to 
determine the number of bacteria in the 
milk. If found to be less than sixty thou¬ 
sand per cubic centimeter another 10 cents 
per hundred premium would be received. 
Improving Quality. —We now had 
enough points on the barn score to get the 
premium. The inspector told us we would 
have no trouble in getting the other 10 
cents on the bacteria count if we would 
take a damp cloth and wipe the cows’ 
udders and flanks, and milk a little out 
of each teat in the drop at first each time 
we milked. He also advised us to leave 
the covers on the cans after they were 
washed and steamed at the station; then 
after straining the milk into them, the 
covers should be put on tight and the 
cans set in ice-water, and it would be bet¬ 
ter to shake the cans a littie than to use 
a milk stirrer. This doctrine was con¬ 
trary to our previous ideas about airing 
cans and tipping up the covers to let the 
animal heat escape. However, we were 
willing to try out his ideas, and our bac¬ 
teria test has been all right so far. 
Effect of Regulations. —How this 
plan of the company worked out can best 
be illustrated by the case of a man that 
we will call Brown. Brown had inherit¬ 
ed a good farm, some money, together 
with rather an antiquated stable and 
methods. He was always having trouble 
with the inspectors, and did just enough 
to keep his milk from being rejected. 
When the first checks came after the new 
plan went into effect, Brown met one of 
his neighbors who had received both the 
extra premiums. Brown asked him how 
much his milk had brought him for that 
month. They compared statements. 
While they both had the same test, 
Brown’s was 20 cents a hundred less than 
the other man’s. Of course he had heard 
of the new plan, but had paid no atten¬ 
tion to it. That night, after supper. 
“Sat Down and Talked it Over.” 
Brown took his pencil and paper and be¬ 
gan to figure. His figures looked some¬ 
thing like this: He was making about 
500 pounds of milk a day. Five times 
20 cents would make just one dollar, or 
30 dollars a month. He would just about 
average that for 10 months. This meant 
$300 extra over what he was getting for 
(Concluded on page 951.) 
