1914. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
lOO© 
Thinning Wealthy Apples. 
E XPERTS in orcharding advise thin¬ 
ning of apples to distance of four to 
six inches apart. Is this wide spac¬ 
ing advisable with the Wealthy apple? 
To remove so many would take three- 
fourths of the fruit from my Wealthy 
trees this season. e. f. d. 
Billerica, Mass. 
While it might seem wasteful to take 
off more than half the apples on a tree 
while they are growing it is certainly 
profitable to do so if the tree is over¬ 
loaded. Wealthy is one of the varieties 
that is apt to set far more fruit than can 
be brought to good size, and the removal 
of one-half or more of it when small will 
generally pay well. If there is from four 
to six inches between the apples they will 
grow enough bigger to make up for the 
lack of numbers. In actual weight there 
is little difference between the fruit at 
maturity on a tree that has been thinned 
in this way and one that was left to 
carry an overload. And when we con¬ 
sider the serious effects on future crops 
and the impaired vigor of the tree from 
allowing it to overbear there is no rea¬ 
son why the thinning should not be done. 
Even a little experience will give one a 
better idea of the benefit of thinning 
growing fruit than a lot of verbal or 
written advice. h. e. van deman. 
Pruning Quinces ; Driving Away Bats. 
T HIS Spring I set a small quince or¬ 
chard. and on account of the locust 
- probability was warned not to cut 
back the trees at planting. The locust 
lias come and gone, doing no damage to 
those trees. All the authorities at my 
hand say quinces should be pruned to an 
“inner bud.” As the natural tendency of 
the quince is to grow somewhat to the 
center I am puzzled to understand why 
this tendency will not be promoted by 
pruning to an inner bud and thus mak¬ 
ing a congested and tangled cluster of 
branches in the center of the tree, the 
branches crossing each other in hopeless 
confusion. I know of no quince orchard 
near me where I can get assistance, and 
I am therefore appealing to you. 2. My 
home is an old-fashioned brick house, 
and I find myself annoyed with bats, 
which no effort of mine has been able to 
overcome. Can you suggest anything? 
AVellston, O. R. E. K. 
1. Quince trees do not need to he con¬ 
stantly pruned “to an inner bud,” or in 
any other way that will cause them to 
grow compactly. The different varieties 
have forms or habits of tree that vary in 
some degree, but they generally make 
rather bushy tops if not trained different¬ 
ly. They need the same common sense 
used in their training that anything else 
needs, and the judgment of the owner 
should be used without any fancy notions. 
The branches should be low and trained 
so as to shade the trunk and make a fair¬ 
ly open head. Some of the inner branch¬ 
es will need cutting out when they are 
small and here and there one that is too 
rampant will need heading in. 
2. As to what to do to keep bats away 
I cannot tell, for I never had much to 
do with them. They like dark places in 
which to to spend the daytime, and if 
they cannot have access to such places 
it would seem that they would go where 
they could find them. 
II. E. VAN DEMAN. 
Florida Peaches and Cherries. 
C OULD you tell me whether cherries 
would grow well in this part of 
Florida? Which are the best 
peaches for this sort of land? Will buck¬ 
wheat grow here? Which is the best 
chicken feed to grow here? F. l. 
Any and all parts of Florida are un¬ 
suitable for cherries because it is too 
warm a climate. Cherries, like other 
northern fruits need a cool season when 
they are dormant as well as a warm one 
when they are growing. Florida is rath¬ 
er far south for growing peaches, but 
there are varieties that are quite well 
suited there, especially those of the South 
China type. The nurseries of Florida 
have these varieties to sell and it would 
be well to get some of their catalogues 
and select the kinds that are recom¬ 
mended for the most southern sections. 
The Angel, Jewell, Imperial Hall, Bid- 
well, Dorothy and Luber are among those 
that should be planted. Buckwheat is a 
crop that requires a cool climate and will 
not do well in Florida. One of the best 
things to grow for feeding to chickens is 
the cowpea. It is well adapted to a 
warm region and yields a lot of pods that 
are filled with peas. Another tropical 
plant that is grown in south Florida and 
the West Indies is known as pigeon pea. 
It makes a sort of bush and bears pods 
that contain peas that are much liked by 
chickens. H. e. van deman. 
LEGAL QUESTIONS. 
Hunting Privileges. 
A LOCAL real estate agent called on 
me today saying he was requested 
by the Arden Hunt Club to obtain 
permission from the farmers of this 
vicinity to cross their farms and to have 
the privilege to send their carpenters 
ahead to build fences or rails to cross 
with their animals, etc. What would you 
do if placed in this position? Would it 
be likely, in any way, to interfere with 
rights or title in the future? No writ¬ 
ten consent given or asked. A. L. p. 
New York. 
It would certainly be advisable in this 
case to have a written understanding of 
the privileges which the Hunt Club is to 
obtain, which privileges should be re- 
vocable by the farmer at any time on 
giving notice, and should contain a pro¬ 
vision for the payment by the club of all 
damages occasioned to the farm. This 
should clearly define the rights of both 
parties and would give the Hunt Club no 
rights which could not be terminated by 
notice or which would interfere with the 
title to the property. 
Railroad Must Maintain Fence. 
C OULD you advise me regarding the 
division line of railroads? The railroad 
company’s property cuts through 
ours, and we have to cross their tracks to 
reach our barns. The fence they erected 
years ago is entirely gone, and some time 
ago I applied to the Department of Main¬ 
tenance for another, stating I wished 
them to erect a woven wire fence to keep 
children from the tracks. Are they (the 
railroad) not obliged safely to fence their 
property, and what steps can I take 
should they put me off indefinitely? 
New York. h. c. f. 
Unless you or your grantor have re¬ 
ceived compensation for fencing along the 
railroad or have agreed to build and 
maintain a lawful fence along said line, 
the railroad company is obliged to 
erect and thereafter maintain fences 
on the sides of its road, of height and 
strength sufficient to prevent cattle, 
horses, sheep and hogs from going 
upon its road from the adjacent 
lands, with farm crossings with gates 
therein whenever and wherever reason¬ 
ably necessary for the use of the owners, 
and so long as such fences are not made 
nor kept in good repair, the railroad shall 
be liable for all damages done to any 
domestic animals on the road. This fence 
shall not be of barbed wire. It may be 
that you could compel the railroad in 
proceedings in equity to build the fence, 
but this is an expensive proceeding, and 
the best procedure for you would be to 
complain to the Public Service Commis¬ 
sion of the Second Department at Al¬ 
bany. M. D. 
thorough trial the work was declared to 
be not much more than a scientific toy. 
Considerable time was required to get up 
steam in the boiler, and while some pow¬ 
er was developed, the cost of the appar¬ 
atus and other considerations put it out 
of competition with steam or gasoline 
power. 
Another plan was tried on a small 
scale in New Jersey, and later on a much 
larger scale in Egypt. In this plan a 
device very much like a hotbed was se¬ 
lected, with double glass sash, and a ser¬ 
ies of iron pipes filled with water inside. 
All gardeners know what a heat is cre¬ 
ated inside the average hotbed on sunny 
days, with the top closed. In the experi¬ 
ments with this device, the water in the 
pipes was raised to boiling heat under 
the glass when the sun was hot, and this 
boiling water was used to run an engine 
for pumping and similar purposes. The 
only trouble was that this heat was only 
developed during a part of each sunny 
day, and, of course, the engine stood still 
on cloudy or rainy days. The device is 
now operating in Egypt, in a region 
where the sun shines most of the time, 
and is said to be giving quite fair results 
in that country for pumping and simi¬ 
lar purposes. The Experiment Station of 
Arizona is now coming back with the 
proposition and thinks it entirely within 
the range of possibility, that within the 
next few years the sun will be employed 
practically for pumping and generating 
electricity. A new instrument called a 
recording pyrheliometer has been installed 
at the University of Arizona. This meas¬ 
ures and records the energy given off by 
the sun. The object is to ascertain the 
amount of the sun’s energy that is avail¬ 
able for work, at pumping or driving a ' 
wheel. In connection with this knowledge 
of the amount of energy available from 
sun heat, several new types of sun motors 
have been devised. They are too costly 
now to permit their general use, but we 
should judge from the report that several 
of them at least are practical, and can 
develop considerable horse power. The 
proposition is made for the State of 
Arizona or one of the other arid States 
to offer a prize of $100,000 to the man 
who will first solve the problem of prac¬ 
tically handling the energy of the sun. 
The arid States could well afford to give 
10 times that sum, if they could obtain 
a machine to work by sun power, which ! 
was anywhere near as practical as wind¬ 
mills which handle the power of the wind 
so effectively. We believe that this prob¬ 
lem will sooner or later be worked out, 
and that without question the sunshine 
of the Western States will be put to ef¬ 
fective use in doing such work as pump¬ 
ing, generating electricity, or any other 
work which requires the turning of a 
wheel. 
WANT TO KNOW. 
^ Quack Grass In Orchard. —Last 
Fall we plowed a piece of old meadow 
and planted a small orchard This Spring 
the land is covered with a heavy growth 
of quack grass. How can this be killed 
without injuring the trees? w. M. j. 
Buffalo, N. Y. 
The Genera/ 
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stands for 15 years of guaranteed 
service at least —when you buy 
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Your dealer can furnish Certain-teed 
Roofing in rolls and shingles—made by 
the General Roofing Mfg. Co., world’s 
largest roofing manufacturers. East St 
Louis, Ill., Marseilles, Ill., York, Pa. 
CIDER PRESSES 
The Original Mt.Gilead Hydraulic Pres* 
produces more cider from less 
apples than any other and is 
a BIG MONEY MAKER. Sizes 
10 to 400 barrels daily. Also 
cider evaporators, apple-but¬ 
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tors, filters, etc. Fully guaran¬ 
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HYDRAULIC PRESS MEG. CO. 
137 Lincoln Ave.. Mt. Gilead, Ohio, uu ^ ^ 
Or Room 113 L 39 Cortlandt St., New York, N. Y. 
wn I DRILLING 
YYLLL MACHINES 
Over 70 sizes anti styles, for drilling either deep or 
shallow wells in any kind of soil or lock. Mounted on 
wheels or on sills. With engines or horse powers. Strong, 
simple and durable. Any mechanic can operate them 
easily. Send for catalog. 
WILLIAMS BROS., Ithaca. N. Y. 
MAKE BIG PAY DRILLING 
WATER WELLS 
Our Free Drillers’ Book with 
catalog of Keystone Drills 
tells how. Many sizes; trac¬ 
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terms. These machines 
make good anywhere. 
KEYSTONE WATER DRILL CO 
Beaver Falls, Pa. 
/Burns Wood or Coal’t 
For steam or hot water for any purpose or at any 
time without expense of crude oil or gasoline. 
Public Nuisance. 
A CHEESE factory is located up the 
road from my residence about 10 
rods. They allow the excess whey, etc., 
to run down the ditch, along the road¬ 
side, past my house. This ditch is fairly 
filled with flies and other insects. We 
realize that it is a great breeding place 
for germs of various kinds. To whom 
can I make complaint so as to compel 
these factory people to dispose of their 
surplus whey in some other manner? I 
wish to avoid a lawsuit, for that is too 
expensive. M.v property here has cost 
me over $10,000 in cash, and this factory 
nuisance is of great damage as well as 
very dangerous, in the way of fever and 
other diseases. F. J. K. 
New York. 
You should make a complaint to the 
town Board of Health or the town Health 
Officer. The Board of Health is empow¬ 
ered to make such orders and regulations 
for the suppression of nuisances and con¬ 
cerning all other matters which in its 
judgment seem detrimental to the public 
health in special or individual cases, and 
serve copies of the orders upon the owner 
or occupant of any premises whereon such 
nuisances or other matters may exist. If 
the orders are not complied with, the 
Board or its servants may enter upon the 
premises to which such order relates and 
suppress or remove such nuisance. [Sec¬ 
tions 21 and 31 of the Public Health 
Law.] m. d. 
The Sun’s Heat for Power. 
S OME years ago we had a discussion of 
the use of sun heat in producing 
power. There were two general 
methods, neither of which proved entirely 
satisfactory. In one case a collection of 
mirrors were so arranged on a shaft that 
their combined reflection of the sun’s 
rays were thrown upon a small boiler at 
the center of a large wheel. This wheel 
revolved or changed its position so as 
constantly to receive the sunlight. Every 
school boy knows how by concentrating 
light in this way with a mirror, or a 
bright piece of tin, he can cause an in¬ 
tense heat which will burn flesh, or even 
set lire to cloth or wood. In the Far 
West, where there is but little cold and 
rain, this method of utilizing the sun’s 
rays would seem to be possible, yet after 
Bobby : Ma, you said that I shouldn’t 
eat that piece of cake in the pantry— 
that it would make me sick. Mother: 
Yes, Bobby. Bobby (convincingly) : 
But, ma, it hasn’t made me sick.—Credit 
Lost. 
“I haven’t seen Pilkington for a 
week.” “No; he hasn’t been out of the 
house since his accident.” “Was he ser¬ 
iously injured?” “No. but he feels the 
disgrace deeply.” “Disgrace?” “Yes. 
After living in a city all his life, he went 
into the country, and was run over by a 
milk-cart!”—London Farm and Home. 
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of rigs? 
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20-40 Olmstoad St* 
^ PULASKI, N. Y. 
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