1040 
NEW ENGLAND MILK PROBLEMS. 
O NE of the lines of investigation con¬ 
ducted by the agricultural committee 
of the Boston Chamber of Commerce is a 
trip by Secretary Orcutt and others over 
all railroad routes bringing milk into 
Boston and other New England cities sup¬ 
plied by car milk. All possible informa¬ 
tion in regard to cost conditions and all 
other things that affect the business in 
any way will be studied and looked into 
thoroughly. Railroad transportation is 
an important part of the business, and 
some of the truth of the matter should be 
got in this way. If the city end of the 
milk business is looked into as thorough¬ 
ly as the country end apparently will be, 
\re shall certainly know more about the 
whole situation than we ever did before. 
Conditions are changing all over New 
England all (he time, and changing fast. 
As an illustration of this change our min¬ 
ister made a social call a few days ago 
and told the following in regard to a 
town he formerly preached in: In his 
time about 400 people, mostly farmers 
(as this was a farming town in the main) 
attended church the year around. Now 
•10 to 45 are the most to go at present 
time in the Winter season. Why this 
falling off? Simply because the former 
people have got sick of farming conditions 
in many cases. A few of course died and 
the places have been put on the market 
and purchased by the class of people who 
do not farm to produce anything, except 
mostly for their own wants in the short 
Summer season, while they are there, as 
in the Winter they return to the city. 
They are mostly Summer people from 
Springfield, New York, etc. These people 
of course have improved these homes and 
increased the taxes to a certain extent, 
but social life is dead a good part of the 
year; not a good live community as was 
formerly the case. The same thing is 
going on more or less all over many sec¬ 
tions of New England, and in many cases 
it is largely former milk producers who 
by reason of past and present bad condi¬ 
tions are selling out or changing from a 
large farm to a small one, or turning en¬ 
tirely to depend on fruit, mainly apples, 
for their future income. 
In the light of their true conditions 
here stated, something must be done with¬ 
out delay to better conditions along the 
line of milk production, and I believe good 
will come from the work now started and 
to be continued along these and other 
lines. Another illustration of the un¬ 
stable and constantly changing milk con¬ 
ditions is the following: A certain milk 
collector, that is a man who gathers the 
milk for a contractor from the neigh¬ 
borhood farmers and carries it daily to 
the Boston shipping station, gives these 
figures for the past five years of collect¬ 
ing: His average load for the first six 
months was 45 cans per day; the follow¬ 
ing six months 30 cans; then new dairies 
were bought up, and 60 to 70 cans were 
carried for a period. Then one or more 
dairies were dropped by inspectors for 
some reason, perhaps a good reason, per¬ 
haps not; then one or two more sold out 
or went out of business, and the route 
was back to 40 cans per day. Then it 
dropped in a few months to about 30 
cans or less. A year later a slight gain 
was made, then another contractor 
bought part of this milk and two teams 
had to be run to collect this small amount 
of milk, as one contractor would not let 
his milk be carried by the team of the 
other contractor and so it went first up, 
then down. Finally one of these contrac¬ 
tors gave up, and it all went to the new 
contractor. At present time by getting a 
new dairy or two the route is up to from 
60 to 70 cans in the flush time, and down 
to 50 or lower at others. Prices varied 
during this time from 23 cents in Sum¬ 
mer to 28 in Winter, up to 35 in Sum¬ 
mer and 45 in Winter, and then again 
down to 23 cents per can in some cases 
the present Summer in the low months, 
and about 37 or 3S cents last Winter. 
Until we can have a standard price and 
an average supply these changes will keep 
on, and this is one of the big problems 
we must work out, to have conditions 
stable and know about what we shall pro¬ 
duce and price we shall receive a few 
months ahead, and plan our business to 
meet what is coming. The day of doing 
business on guesswork is largely past. 
Formerly in the milk producing sections 
about every farm therein sold more or 
less milk, and a load was obtained with¬ 
er H E RURAL 
in driving distance. Now half of these 
farms, in some cases more, in others less, 
are producing market milk, and the 
amount now produced does not pay to 
own a team in many cases, so the result 
is those who make enough milk to pay 
and who live not far from the point of 
delivery, carry their own and perhaps a 
few of the neighbors’ milk; the others 
have no way to get their milk to this 
point, and not being able to deliver it 
themselves drop out. These are some of 
the reasons why the contractor has to go 
back much farther to get his supply. 
A. E. P. 
Value of Skim-milk. 
W HAT is the value of skim-milk for 
poultry food, and vhat is it worth 
for pig food as compared with com¬ 
mercial feed stuffs? E. V. F. 
Liberty, N. Y. 
Skim-milk is a valuable poultry food, 
especially when fed soured. It is usually 
considered worth from 25 to SO cents per 
hundred weight. Hoard’s rule for finding 
the value of skim-milk fed to fattening 
hogs, as quoted by Henry, is: Multiply 
the market value of live hogs in cents per 
pound by five to find the value of skim- 
milk fed alone. If fed with corn or bar¬ 
ley, it is worth more and the multiplier 
should be six. This gives the value of 
100 pounds of skim-milk. Thus, if hogs 
are worth five cents per pound, live 
weight, skim-milk is worth 25 cents per 
hundred fed alone or 30 cents if fed with 
grain. Another rule is, the value of 
skim-milk when fed with corn to fatten¬ 
ing hogs is half the price of corn per 
bushel. In feeding skim-milk to any an¬ 
imals, whether fed sweet or sour, the 
utensils used should be kept clean. Sour 
milk should not mean milk that has been 
kept under filthy conditions until it has 
become putrid. m. b. d. 
0 
The Milk-can Law. 
N page 934 I read of the complaint of 
one of your subscribers who has been 
sued for a penalty growing out of his use 
of a milk can. About 10 years ago, a 
firm of lawyers with whom I then had 
an office, had a similar case. The facts 
as I recollect them were these: A res¬ 
taurant keeper was using an old milk can 
as a garbage receptacle. The same Mr. 
Walsh that you refer to in your article 
was the complainant, and agreeable to his 
usual practice, he brought suit in Orange 
County. Not caring to submit to such 
tactics, we defended the suit and I went 
up to Newburgh to try the case. Mr. 
Walsh sent some attorney to court with 
some excuse for delay, and upon my ex¬ 
planation of the facts, the judge granted 
the adjournment only on condition that 
Walsh would consent to transfer the case 
to Kings County. Some time thereafter 
the case came on for trial, Walsh default¬ 
ed and we took judgment against him for 
the costs. I do not believe that the judg¬ 
ment was ever paid. There is a case in 
the early Appellate Division Reports 
which at that time, in our opinion, pre¬ 
cluded a recovery by Walsh. Of course 
I do not know the merits of your sub¬ 
scriber’s case, but I am very sure that it 
would repay a little investigation on your 
part, and if your subscriber has some old- 
fashioned American blood in his veins, I 
think that he would derive considerable 
satisfaction from defending the suit, even 
though it might cost him more than to 
pay up. The law in question may be a 
just law, but the provision that a man 
can be sued for a penalty hundreds of 
miles from a county in which he lives is 
more conducive to blackmail than it is 
to the proper administration of justice. 
New York. Walter e. Warner. 
NEW-YORKER 
FEEDING PROBLEMS. 
Methods of Horse Feeding. 
I S it best to give horses their grain first 
and hay afterwards or hay first and 
grain an hour or so afterwards? I give 
them hay at 5 a. m. and grain at 6 a. m., 
grain at 12 noon, no hay, and then give 
hay at 6 p. m., and grain last thing at 
night. What is the best system? 
Danville, Pa. I. w. H. 
You are feeding just right Hay is 
not digested to any great extent in the 
stomach, which holds only three and one- 
half gallons. It passes along the small 
intestine (72 feet) and lodges in the 
large intestine (colon). Grain and con¬ 
centrates, on the other hand, are mostly 
digested in the stomach and must not be 
pressed out of the stomach by hay, or 
washed out with water. Water first, hay 
second, grain third, is the theoretical rule 
of feeding. You might improve your 
method by allowing one or two pounds of 
hay at noon, when the horses are cooling 
off, then allow grain. If the horse can¬ 
not be left long in the stable at noon, in 
hot weather, better not feed any hay. 
A. s. A. 
Ration for Pigs. 
W ILL you advise on feeding my five 
pigs? I have but little skim-milk; 
am feeding a slop of mixed feed 
six quarts a day and three quarts of 
whole corn, also oat and pea fodder, cut 
green and thrown to them. They do not 
seem to grow very fast. h. b. f. 
Although you do not state the age of 
your pigs I should judge from your de¬ 
scription of the way you are feeding them 
that you started to feed whole corn be¬ 
fore they had reached the proper age to 
digest it thoroughly. When this is done 
indigestion usually results and a grad¬ 
ually weakened condition follows. The 
remedy is to discontinue feeding the 
whole corn and substitute about 10 per 
cent, of fine ground eornmeal mixed with 
the slop of mixed feed. Continue feed¬ 
ing the oats and peas as long as they are 
tender enough to be eaten with a relish 
and give free access to good drinking 
water every day. A little pulverized 
charcoal mixed with the feed will help to 
correct the trouble. c. S. G. 
Ration for Milk. 
W LL you advise a balanced ration for 
a Jersey cow that will insure a 
good flow of milk? I have plenty 
of Alfalfa hay, but no silage, and wish 
to feed a right proportioned grain ration 
with it. T. w. 
Unfortunately, no balanced ration can ■ 
insure a good flow of milk; it can only 
insure that the cow shall have the neces¬ 
sary materials from which to make milk 
to good advantage if the ability to do so 
is bred and born in her. With plenty of 
Alfalfa hay, it is not necessary to feed as 
“narrow” a grain ration, or one rich in 
protein, as is usually recommended. This 
is an advantage as the high protein grains 
are the most expensive ones. Equal 
parts of eornmeal; mixed wheat feed and 
gluten feed would make a good grain 
ration for this cow, to be fed in the quan¬ 
tity of one pound per day to every three 
or three and a half pounds of milk that 
she is giving. Ground oats, corn and cob 
meal, or dried beet pulp might be substi¬ 
tuted, in whole or in part, for the corn 
meal; wheat bran for the mixed wheat 
feed, and brewer’s dried grains, malt 
sprouts or buckwheat middlings for the 
gluten feed. There is no one best ration 
and the .relative prices of . the different 
available grains should govern the choice 
to a certain degree. If a cow loses flesh 
too markedly while in milk, eornmeal 
should form part of her rations, and if 
she has no succulent vegetable food, the 
dried beet pulp is helpful. m. b. d. 
August 22, 
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More Milk 
The cow that is free from flies 
always gives the biggest milk 
yield. To keep the cow free 
from these pests use Creonoid. 
Spray it in the stall and on the 
body of the animal. 
Creonoid is a low-priced, 
powerful, creosote product. 
Flies, lice, etc., cannot live 
near it. 
At best dealers. 
BARRETT MFG. CO. 
New York Boston Chicago 
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Cincinnati 
T HE enclosed clipping taken from a 
Provincetown paper may have some 
bearing on your correspondent “A. 
E. P.’s” letter on milk production in 
Massachusetts. As a matter of fact it 
is difficult to overrate the decrease in the 
amount of milk prdouced in this part of 
Massachusetts. 
“The number of cows in Truro has 
decreased 50 or more during the past 
year, and a milk famine is in sight during 
July and August. If you have not en¬ 
gaged a regular supply, do so at once— 
or you may be obliged to go without. Ten 
years ago there were over 230 cows in 
Truro, now there are 100 or less. Un¬ 
less the farmer receives a radical in¬ 
crease in the price of milk in the near 
future, it will be only a few years when 
Truro will consume all the milk it pro¬ 
duces.” 
North Truro, Mass. 
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