11 ) 14 . 
THE RURAL NEW-YORRER 
1081 
Fall Lettuce. 
C OULD Grand Rapids and Big Boston 
lettuce be grown in the open as late 
as November 15 if mulched with 
straw about frost time? If so, when 
should the seed of each of these varieties 
be sown? I wish to grow the plants in 
a seed bed and transplant. H. N. 
Cleveland, Ohio. 
Seed of Grand Rapids lettuce for trans¬ 
planting into plant houses and cold 
frames to be marketed from Thanksgiv¬ 
ing to middle of January is being sown 
today (August 18) in the open ground by 
myself and other gardeners in this sec¬ 
tion about 40 miles north of Cleveland. 
The season at Cleveland is longer than 
here, and it is barely possible that II. N. 
might get sufficient growth on Grand 
Rapids lettuce to make it marketable, 
but it would depend entirely on having a 
very warm Autumn. If he could trans¬ 
plant into a frame sheltered from cold 
north winds and cover with muslin sheet¬ 
ing his chances for success would be much 
better. Head lettuce cannot be grown 
under the conditions mentioned. It goes 
without saying with a low November sun 
there would be little warmth in the open 
ground after frosty nights. L. B. P. 
The Pearl Strawberry. 
W ILL you give experi Lee with the 
Pearl strawberry? Is the variety 
suitable for either hedge-row or 
hills? Is it productive enough to war¬ 
rant growing it for market. g. w. ii. 
University Park, Colo. 
This variety is one of the later or new¬ 
er introductions, and has not been under 
trial in a general way throughout the 
country. In Northern New Jersey, on 
rather heavy sandy loam, it has proven 
quite successful. The plant seems entire¬ 
ly healthy, is a strong grower, a good 
cropper and a good plant maker. It 
seems well adapted to growing in hedge 
or matted row. It is supposed to be a 
seedling of Gandy, but is of more robust 
growth, much more prolific and somewhat 
later. The berries average quite large, 
which are irregular in form, and lighter 
in color than the Gandy. Not firm 
enough for long shipment, but the high 
quality makes it a desirable variety for 
the home garden or nearby market. 
Scarcely any variety of strawberry will 
succeed in all kinds of soil and in all 
sections of the country, and it is therefore 
never advisable to plant largely of any 
untried sort. K. 
Root-maggot in Turnips. 
W ILL you tell us what to do to rid 
turnips of a small white worm 
which is eating the roots? o. a. 
Sullivan, Me. 
This insect is the larva of a small 
black fly that lays its eggs around the 
stems of the plants at the surface of the 
ground, varying in number from a dozen 
to 20 or more at each laying. In a few 
days the young larvae hatch out and im¬ 
mediately penetrate the soil around the 
plant and commence feeding on the root 
stems. They are more or less prevalent 
in all sections of the country where any 
members of the Rrassica family are ex¬ 
tensively grown, especially cabbage and 
its near related species. No other in¬ 
sect attacking the Brassica family is as 
destructive nor as difficult to combat suc¬ 
cessfully as the root maggot. Its opera¬ 
tions being confined entirely to the un¬ 
derground portion of the plant, its pres¬ 
ence is seldom, if ever, suspected until the 
plant begins to wilt, when in most in¬ 
stances the plant is beyond recovery, par¬ 
ticularly in dry weather. Unfortunately 
there is no known remedy that is reliable. 
Heavy liming around the stems of the 
plants has in some instances proven quite 
successful when applied to cabbage or 
cauliflower, but its application to turnips 
would be impossible and unprofitable even 
if it was an infallible remedy. The ma¬ 
ture insect or fly breeds in manure and 
the use of stable manures on lands used 
for growing cabbages, turnips, etc., is al¬ 
most certain to result in root mag¬ 
got, with more or less damage and loss 
resulting from their attack on the root 
system of the plants. Many growers of 
these crops are abandoning the use of 
stable manures and instead grow soiling 
crops for humus and use chemical fertil¬ 
izers in the making of the crop. In con¬ 
sequence there is very little trouble from 
root maggot. Rotation of crops is advis¬ 
able, and is to be specially recommended 
for soils that have long been cropped to 
cabbage and its related species. k. 
APPLE SHIPPERS’ MEETING. 
T HE International Apple Shippers’ 
annual meeting at the Copley-Plaza 
Hotel, Boston, August 5, G, and 7, 
was a very successful affair. The apple 
display was good for this season of the 
year, when most varieties of apples are 
not yet matured, yet some fully matured 
were seen side by side with half-grown 
specimens of the same variety. Of course 
these came from widely different sections 
of the country; in fact the exhibits came 
from all the apple growing sections of our 
country. Some special features of this 
display were a box of last year’s Baldwins 
in apparently perfect condition, at least 
on the outside, and were very attractive 
in color; in fact they looked as good as 
any of the fresh picked on exhibition. 
These were shown by .7. II. Hale. An¬ 
other was several pecks of nice apples 
packed in paper packages ready to ship 
by parcel post; these were shown by a 
local grower. The display of apple pro¬ 
ducts was the largest I have ever seen, 
and was especially attractive. 
I was pleased to see a few specimens of 
perfect Flemish Beauty pears, as I had 
never, that I remember, seen any before, 
as they will not grow in New England 
anywhere near perfect, but I am told they 
did years ago. On the morning of the 
second day ex-Gov. Guild gave a very 
nice talk on the history of the apple, and 
placed it by many references of past and 
present appreciation at the head of all 
fruits, both as a luxury and a stand-by 
and health-giver, and for food value. The 
origin of this fruit is unknown but is be¬ 
lieved to have been first heard of in 
Palestine, and traveled from there to 
Greece, then to France, then to England, 
to America in New England, thence to 
the Middle West, and Pacific coast, across 
the water again to the Philippines, and 
from there are shipped to Asia, thus 
completing a journey around the world. 
A very interesting discussion was in¬ 
dulged in as to how to boom the National 
Apple Day, which is set for October 20. 
Members from Chicago, Cincinnati. 
Rochester and other cities told how mer¬ 
chants and growers gave free apples to 
newspaper men. editors and even the 
newsboys, to hospitals, schools and even 
in some cases to horses on the streets. 
These methods tends to bring out much 
free advertising in the daily papers, and 
are very helpful in increasing consumption 
and consequently later and larger sales. 
One man in Chicago sold at a small pro¬ 
fit all the apples he could on a certain 
day. and disposed on that day of 128 bar¬ 
rels and 86 bushels. This helped sell 
other stock in the store, and 1,000 barrels 
of poultry extra had been ordered late in 
the afternoon of that day to supply the 
trade. This year Pittsburgh intends to 
give away a carload of apples, on this 
day largely to newsboys, etc., and it is 
intended they shall have a generous sup¬ 
ply. One produce man told of selling ap¬ 
ples at $3 per barrel and $1 per bushel 
to a retailer who charged $1 to $1.50 per 
peck for these and $8 per barrel. lie be¬ 
lieved as any sensible man would, that 
this was unreasonable, and also tends 
largely to discourage buying and consum¬ 
ing very largely, and is a poor policy to 
follow. Sell at a reasonable profit and 
your sales will increase much faster than 
by the other plan. 
Secretary Phillips reported 5G0 paid 
members, a slight increase over a year 
ago. These members were from 212 
cities; $11,000.54 was collected the past 
year and balance on hand is $4,900.70. A 
very hot discussion was held on the topic 
of ocean freight charges and losses by 
delays on the passage across. A lower 
rate is very essential, but cannot be ob¬ 
tained. or any satisfaction from losses, be¬ 
cause nearly all this is carried in ships 
not under the American flag, and conse¬ 
quently not liable to American laws. One 
shipper lost $8,000 on one shipment be¬ 
cause the ship was unnecessarily delayed 
seven days over time in a hot spell. He 
carried the case to an English court of 
law, but got no satisfaction or damages. 
This is a strong argument for more Amer¬ 
ican vessels and the establishment of an 
American merchant marine, and a com 
mittee was appointed to confer with 
President Wilson and Congress as to the 
urgency of this without delay. It was 
stated as important that our inland 
water ways be improved and new ones 
opened, as these do the work five to seven 
times cheaper than the steam roads; also 
the improvement of country highways is 
very necessary in many States, and 
should receive the attention of this as¬ 
sociation. Producers can work with us 
in many ways to improve conditions, and 
we should ask their help and work with 
them in all possible ways. A. E. P. 
Fall Cover Crop. 
W HAT cover crop should be used for 
a field to be planted to cabbage 
next year, and when should it be 
sown? It is now planted to corn, but I 
should not like to sow and cultivate in 
because I should like to pick off stones 
first, Fall plow, sow cover crop, then 
plow in next Spring. h. o. 
New York. 
In such case about all you can do is 
to sow rye after you have fitted the 
ground. The rye can be seeded up to the 
middle of October and give a fair crop 
to plow under the following Spring. i 
Now is the 
time to 
Right Now! In the Fall Is the Best Time 
E XPERIENCE has proved that the best 
season for painting is in the fall. The 
wood is much drier after exposure to the 
hot summer sun. Hence there is better pene¬ 
tration. The chance of rain to interrupt the job 
is less in the fall. There are fewer bugs at this 
season to get into the paint. Then a fall job of 
painting puts the building in prime condition for 
winter — closing up the cracks and crevices and 
keeping out the penetrating winds. 
Experience—65 years of it—has also proved that the 
best paint for any season is Lucas Paint. We have been 
making Lucas Paint since 1849, and have learned in that 
time how to produce the most durable, most elastic and 
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abled us to establish a standard of what really good paint 
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meet this standard after undergoing innumerable tests. 
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