1014. 
THE RURAL NEW -YORKER 
loss 
Ruralisms 
UP-TO-DATE POINTS IN GARDENING. 
M ULCHING.—In late cabbage setting 
time it was quite dry, and those who 
did not take special precautions lost a 
large part of the plants put out. One 
gardener (a man from West Virginia) 
took a novel way of insuring dampness. 
After the ground was marked one way 
he distributed rotten manure from the 
hotbeds along the marks about a foot 
wide and three inches deep. This was 
two w'eeks previous to planting. In plant¬ 
ing a line was stretched across the rows 
and the plants set with a dibble after 
opening a small place in the manure. 
The ground was damp and in good condi¬ 
tion, and not a plant died. In a few days 
the manure between the plants was col¬ 
lected around them with a rake and the 
cultivating and hoeing buried most of it 
in the soil. Others imitated this man 
and where rotted manure was not avail¬ 
able, manure fresh from the stables was 
used with equally good results. In an¬ 
other instance a gardener, after sowing 
turnips where early potatoes had been 
grown, scattered litter from the stable 
thinly over the surface, and this con¬ 
served moisture enough so the turnips 
started while his neighbor’s sowing grew 
only in spots accidently moist. Near 
Cleveland is a section where gardeners 
are very successfully growing celery as a 
second crop after early peas upon upland 
gravelly soil. After planting they mulch 
with fine stable manure where shavings 
were used for bedding, to the depth of 
two inches and then water thoroughly 
with a hose under pressure. The result 
is that the celery starts at once and makes 
rapid growth. The celery is planted 
close, the plants being set at six inches 
in rows 26 inches apart. Boards or pa¬ 
per are used in blanching, and this sea¬ 
son some will try the new patented tubes 
which are sprung around the plant and 
retain their place without tieing. 
Transplanting. —This Spring I had a 
quantity of onions to transplant, and 
when the time came to do it the plot of 
ground was quite dry, with no sign of 
rain. It was near the greenhouse where 
I could get an abundance of water by 
turning a stop, and so after raking the 
ground nicely one evening I watered it at 
the rate of three gallons per square yard, 
putting it on with a sprinkling can and 
going over several times so as to permit 
the water to soak in. The next morning 
was cloudy, and I set the plants in 
ground that was moist clear down. Dis¬ 
turbing the ground in transplanting pre¬ 
vented baking, and a rain coming the 
next day not a plant died. A friend who 
is very successful in growing early to¬ 
matoes and melons told me how he got a 
quick and vigorous growth on newly set 
plants which are started in pots or dirt 
bands. After the land is marked a man 
goes ahead and opens places with a light 
spade, one side of the opening being left 
smooth and nearly perpendicular. The 
plants are turned out and distributed, 
when the planter with a box of manure 
taken from a spare hotbed follows, drag¬ 
ging the box along with him. He takes 
a plant and presses it against the straight 
side of the hole, and then slaps a big 
handful of the rotted manure against the 
exposed side of the ball of roots. The 
loose earth thrown out with the spade is 
then gathered into the hole but not so 
much but there is left a slight depression. 
Conserving Moisture. —If the ground 
is not moist a pint of water is given to 
each plant. The next day the plants are 
hoed, filling the depression, and the plants 
start at once into vigorous growth. By 
this method the roots which grow in a 
spiral when confined in a pot come in 
contact with both soil and manure, and 
the effects of too strong a dose of fertil¬ 
izer is neutralized. In late or mid-sum¬ 
mer transplanting I have found double 
transplanting a very good way to secure 
a good result. Probably most of my read¬ 
ers have had occasion to lay cabbage or 
sweet potato plants in the cellar to 
await the evening or next day for plant¬ 
ing out. If these plants are in a close 
damp bunch it will be noticed that tiny 
white roots have formed all through the 
bunch. These are the feeding mouths for 
the plants and if placed in moist ground 
begin at once to carry on the growth ar¬ 
rested by digging up. 
METirons of Protection. —Plants vary 
greatly in their ability to recover in 
transplanting, succulent plants like onions 
and cabbage receiving little shock and 
set-back under favorable conditions, aa 
they retain sufficient moisture in them¬ 
selves to prevent excessive drying while 
the feeding rootlets are being renewed. To 
preserve the proper conditions in the heat 
of Summer is necessary, and various 
methods are used and have been for cen¬ 
turies, such as covering with dock leaves 
or straw, or sticking green boughs beside 
them. In home gardens I have often 
seen boards propped up over celery rows. 
Now double transplanting enables one to 
carry plants by the first shock of re¬ 
moval more easily and with more cer¬ 
tainty than any other way. The plants 
are planted as close as may be conven¬ 
ient in short rows a few inches apart, 
kept thoroughly watered and shaded with 
something which may be removed toward 
night and replaced late in the morning. 
The result is that the roots commence 
growth at once, and soon bind to them¬ 
selves a - iass of earth which stays by 
and nourishes the plant when finally 
planted out a few days later. The sav¬ 
ing comes in the fact that the watering 
and shading can all be done in a very 
small space, and where the wants of the 
plants can be attended to without rang¬ 
ing over a wide field. At this writing I 
am using exactly this plan in putting out 
a new strawberry bed. The plants are 
dug from the spaces between rows, and 
replanted in the garden in close rows, 
where they will be encouraged by shading 
and watering to an immediate new 
growth, and along toward September the 
plants will be removed to a permanent 
bed. It makes but little difference how 
old the plants are. as I know by exper¬ 
iment that old plants will renew their 
youth and produce next year. As the 
plants will make no increase I set in 
triple rows six inches each way at in¬ 
tervals of five feet, expecting to clean out 
and allow them to spread after fruiting. 
Northern Ohio. l. b. pierce. 
Loganberry in New York. 
I S the Loganberry successfully or profit¬ 
ably grown anywhere as a market ber¬ 
ry? We have two plants, fruiting this 
year, and we are wondering whether we 
want any more. e. j. l. 
Westchester Co., N. Y. 
General reports indicate that about 
half a dozen Loganberry plants would be 
the limit for your latitude. This berry is 
a success on the Pacific Coast and does 
well on the South Atlantic, but it does 
not seem suited to our northern sections. 
When you write advertisers mention Tits 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
‘‘square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
Follow your 
business closely 
by keeping not merely a 
record of weights, but also a 
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stock at various ages, and the 
development under different 
food conditions, — file in an 
album for reference. Such a 
record will enable you to fol¬ 
low your business more close¬ 
ly, because it is a record you 
can keep, and the pictures 
will tell the facts. 
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The leg is used for bracing th< 
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