110-4 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Septetuiier 1 
FARM MANAGEMENT. 
O RGANIZATION is the foundation of 
all business methods. To succeed in 
the management of a farm, one must 
be able to organize, reorganize, organize 
again, and then organize in detail. A 
young man starts out to manage a gen¬ 
eral farm for himself, a period of years. 
He begins by looking Into the future and 
making organized plans of crop rotation 
and crop adaptability to those particular 
soil conditions which he has to deal with. 
As the time of putting the crops in ap¬ 
proaches he will iind places where his 
first plans are weak and will reorganize 
them. Weather conditions may cause 
him to organize again. As he actually 
sows and plants he will need to organize 
in detail. This process of organization 
will induce strength of character and of 
purpose, and will insure better crop re¬ 
turns. 
Given a hundred-acre farm with some 
fruit, stock it according to your pocket- 
book, and the tillable land. Hire the 
best man you can get at a reasonable 
wage. Go slow in the purchase of new 
tools. Buy only those that you are sure 
will return a good dividend on the money 
invested. If old tools are available, re¬ 
pair and use as long as practical. The 
newness of a tool does not measure its 
■efficiency. 
In stocking the farm let quality be the 
Standard rather than quantity. Then 
breed for better quality and cull the 
quantity. But even a second grade brood 
mare, bred right, may help you to solve 
the power question. Plow deeply and 
thoroughly and think as you plow. Har¬ 
row once more than you think it needs 
rather than once less. Cultivate thor¬ 
oughly and keep continually at it. Culti¬ 
vation is cheap fertilization. Use all 
available home fertilizers and go slow in 
the use of commercial fertilizers. Money 
is easily thrown away at this point. 
If land needs under-drainage and capi¬ 
tal is lacking plow in lands to aid sur¬ 
face drainage until drains can be put in. 
Aim to put in some under-drains each 
year. 
If a silo is uot at hand, plan for one 
at once. If a man is justified in going 
in debt for any improvement, the silo is 
that improvement. Now plan for a good 
corn crop to put in the silo, but do not 
put all of the barnyard manure on the 
corn crop. Put part on a meadow that 
needs coaxing, and make up to the corn 
by better tillage. 
A four or five-year rotation works sat¬ 
isfactorily ; corn, oats, rye or wheat, and 
hay one or two years. This may he 
varied by putting part of the corn stub¬ 
ble into potatoes and cabbage, seeding 
with pens and oats after this, bringing 
the rotation out the same. (The cabbage 
is worth all it costs to raise to feed to 
the dairy.) Remember good seed plays 
an important part in the production of a 
good crop. Buy the best seed and raise 
better. Save your own seed wherever 
practical. Give the fruit the best care 
you can without neglect to the general 
farm crops. Spraying pays, but can be 
overdone on a general farm. 
Be cautious of hiring extra help unless 
you sec cash returns to warrant it. Plan 
for cash returns from dairy, live stock, 
fruit, potatoes, cabbage, and wheat. I" 
farm is yours spend surplus on perma¬ 
nent improvements to the home, build¬ 
ings, stock, and land. 
Think and plan while you work, and 
yet find time to lift up your head and 
enjoy the fruits of your labor. Manage 
to see and know what the other fellow is 
doing, but, if he is watching you on a 
new r venture and laughs, wait; if it fails 
laugh with him and try again ; if it suc¬ 
ceeds laugh last, but do not brag. Ac¬ 
cept all fair-minded criticism with a 
spirit of good fellowship and remember 
“Eternal vigilance is the price of lib¬ 
erty.” UNCLE ERNEST. 
Plowing Under Soy Beans. 
1 WAS greatly interested in your reply 
to C. L. A. on page 667. Perhapis my 
experience will be of value. In the Sum¬ 
mer of 1913 I drilled in about two acres 
of Soy beans, securing a fine crop, which 
I partly harvested with the help of the 
poultry, allowing the residue to die down, 
supposing that to be the end of them, 
but in plowing and harrowing the land 
this Spring I found the stalks a perfect ! 
nuisance, only exceeded in degree by corn I 
or sunflower stalks. Upon proceeding to 
plant a Summer crop, I discovered the 
Soy beans, which I had supposed winter- 
killed, sprouting furiously. Of course all 
further operations were suspended and 
the beans allowed full swing, with the 
result that I have had a most beautiful 
time keeping my fruit trees clear of the 
growth. This will all be turned under 
this Fall, and a cover crop of rye or 
wheat sown. No more Spring plowing 
of Soy beans for me. d. h. cobb. 
New Jersey. 
Fall Plowing Peach Orchard. 
I PLANTED 200 peach and apple trees 
in the Spring on rather poor ground. 
Last month I sowed buckwheat with the 
intention of plowing under this Fall. I have 
been told since by some local authorities 
that this is not a good plan, as it forces 
the growth of the trees at a time when 
the sap is liable to be frozen. Let me 
have your opinion as to whether I should 
harvest or plow under. t. b. 
Orange Co., N. Y. 
It is a mistake, in your latitude, to plow 
or cultivate peach orchards in the Fall. 
Such working of the soil stimulates a late 
growth of wood. This does not mature, 
and a hard Winter is likely to injure it 
by freezing. One object of the “cover 
crop” is to prevent late growth by taking 
moisture from the trees. Such trees with 
a crop growing around them are more 
likely to stop growing and ripen their 
wood and fruit. In this case we should 
cut the buckwheat or let it decay on the 
ground. It would have been better to 
sow clover with the buckwheat. This 
would have given a crop to grow on 
through the Fall after the buckwheat had 
been cut. 
Avoiding Surface Water. 
W HAT right has our neighbor below 
when digging an open ditch along 
our line fence to make a bank 
about a foot high so surface water cannot 
go through as it always has, and in one 
place where a lot runs in a wet time he 
has driven posts and made a dam of 
planks, dirt and stones. If holding the 
water back drowns our crops out. is he 
liable for the damages? Also what can 
he do if we make a bank up and down the 
hill at right angles to his so when water 
enough conies it will cut through his dam 
or bank. His open ditch will carry all 
water th°- goes there unless at time of 
Spring thaws; it never has washed his 
field or damaged his crops to any extent, 
and was built on purpose so we could not 
run a ditch there to dry a wet place 
above. a. t. 
New York. 
New York, as well as most of the 
States, follows the common law principle 
in this regard that surface waters are a 
common enemy which every farm owner 
can got rid of as best lie can, provided 
he does not use it directly for the injury 
of his neighbor. The owner of the up¬ 
per land may keep it on his property or 
let it flow to the lower level, and the 
lower owner may either receive it upon 
his land or ward it off by filling in and 
making his land higher, or by means of 
embankments or other obstructions. But 
this right is qualified by the requirements 
that he shall not converge it into a stream 
and pour it I i a flood upon the land of 
the adjoining owner. So if the lower 
owner fills up his land so that the natural 
flow of the water is reversed and it ere 
ates an artificial channel or current upon 
the adjacent land, it imposes upon it an 
unnecessary burden and he would be lia¬ 
ble for damages. 
How To Trap Squirrels. —Gould you 
tell me the best way to get rid of the red 
squirrels? They are in the house, and as 
the house has tile on the roof, there is 
no way to keep them from going up un¬ 
der them, and they are taking all the ap¬ 
ples off the trees, chewing up the pine 
cones and so on. I can not use poison. 
If I should use a trap, what would he the 
best bait to use? w. H. E. s. 
Massachusetts. 
"Now tell us,” sternly demanded the 
young legal luminary whose brow over¬ 
hung like the hack of a snapping-turtle, 
addressing the cowering witness, “what 
was the weather, if any, upon the after¬ 
noon in question?”—Puck. 
A school teacher in one of the coun¬ 
ties of New York St te recently received 
tin 1 following note from the mother of one 
of her pupils; “Dear Mis. you writ me 
about whipping Sammy. I hereby give 
you permission to beet him up eny time 
it is necessary to learn him lessons, lie 
is juste like his father—you have to learn 
him with a clubb. Pound nologe into 
him. I wante him to git it and don’t pay 
no atenshion to wliat his father says, I’ll 
handle him.”—Everybody’s. 
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Enemies 
as a Tire User are 
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Blow-Outs 
Loose Treads 
Punctures 
Skidding 
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YEAR 
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Toronto, Canada London, England Mexico City, Mexico 
DEALERS EVERYWHERE 
Branches and Agencies in 103 Principal Cities Write Us on Anything You Want in Rubber 
_ (1874) _ 
